单词 | debate |
释义 | debaten.1 1. a. Strife, contention, dissension, quarrelling, wrangling; a quarrel. at debate: at strife, at variance. Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] sakea1000 chestc1000 pleac1275 threapa1300 noisec1300 checkc1330 debate1340 chopping1377 controversyc1384 briguea1398 tuilyieing1444 quarrellingc1460 lite1493 frayinga1500 falling out1539 square1545 overthwarting1552 mutiny1567 squaring1579 debatement1590 swaggeringa1596 quarrel1605 simultation1605 warbling1632 barrating1635 throwing1897 1340 R. Rolle Pricke of Conscience 3473 To accorde þam þat er at debate. c1386 G. Chaucer Friar's Tale Prol. 24 Ye schold been heende And curteys..In company we wol haue no debaat. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9684 Bituix mi sisters es a debat. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Siege & Conqueste Jerusalem (1893) clxxix. 263 Whan..alle the debates [had ben] appeased that were emong them. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Luke xii. 51 Thynke ye that I am come to brynge peace vpon earth—I tell you nay but rather debate. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. xvi. f. 21/1 Thus rais ane schameful debait betuix thir two brethir. 1612 S. Rowlands Knaue of Harts 24 To..set good friends and neighbors at Debate. 1715 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad I. iii. 16 To seal the Truce and end the dire Debate. 1882 J. Parker Apostolic Life I. 138 The spirit of debate is opposed to the spirit of love. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > fighting > [noun] fightOE skirmingc1275 medleyc1330 mellinga1375 strugglingc1386 mellayc1400 meddlinga1450 skirmerya1500 stightlinga1500 debatea1533 camping?1549 scrambling1598 scuffling1599 duel1764 tussling1844 scrapping1891 bopping1958 a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. R.vv Their debate was so cruell, that there was slaine v. capitaynes. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. viii. sig. V2v The whole debate, Which that straunge knight for him sustained had. ?a1600 Felon Sow of Rokeby in W. Scott Rokeby (1813) p. lxxxviii He wist that there had been debate. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] > resist withstandc950 to make debatea1375 repugna1382 resista1547 reluct1547 reluctate1640 recalcitrate1647 renite1647 to fight back1890 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 4380 Þe werwolf was ful glad of williams speche..& made no more debat in no maner wice. c1565 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1728) 10 Or else, if they made no debate, without consideration and pity would cut their throats. 1568 (a1500) Freiris Berwik l. 511 in W. T. Ritchie Bannatyne MS (1930) IV. 276 Se this be done and mak no moir debait. 2. a. Contention in argument; dispute, controversy; discussion; esp. the discussion of questions of public interest in Parliament or in any assembly. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [noun] mootingOE disputinga1225 mootc1225 sputingc1250 disputisounc1290 arguingc1385 sputisounc1390 debate1393 determinationc1400 luyte1477 disputation1489 dispicion?1510 argumenta1513 plead?a1513 traversing1524 dispicience1531 ruffle1532 debatement1536 argumentationa1538 debating1548 pro et contraa1554 canvassing1565 litigation1567 toil1597 discussion1598 tongue-work1598 agitation1600 canvass1611 fence1637 contestation1638 dispute1638 tongue-fence1643 actitation1661 the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > topic of or subject for conversation or gossip > discussion debate1393 revolutionc1425 treatingc1450 disputation1489 debatement1536 debating1548 discuss1571 discussion1598 reasoning1611 entertainment1625 ventilationa1631 ventilating1660 discussal1809 skull session1959 séance1962 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis III. 348 Tho was betwene my prest and me Debate and great perplexete. a1450 Knt. de la Tour (1868) 21 He is of highe wordes..wherfor y praie you..that ye take no debate with hym. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. clxxxviii Wherefore the Commons after long debate, determined to send the speaker of the Parliament to the kinges highnes. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. f. 56 If there happen debate about any doctrine. 1640 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 58 Thursday next is appointed for the Debate of the New Canons. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iii. 51 After much Debate, they concluded unanimously. 1774 J. Bryant New Syst. II. 431 Sor-Apis had another meaning: and this was the term in debate. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 155 An account..which gives a very high notion of his talents for debate. 1883 J. Gilmour Among Mongols xvii. 207 Difficulties..welcomed rather as subjects of debate. b. (with a and plural) A controversy or discussion; spec. a formal discussion of some question of public interest in a legislative or other assembly. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > [noun] oppositionc1451 schoolsc1475 parvis1496 debatec1500 parley1577 probleming1657 tilt1709 responsion1841 c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 95 Thise debates that were made, of good wille, and by noon hate. 1648 Duke of Hamilton in Hamilton Papers (1880) 245 I shall not trouble your Lo. now with the debats. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 17. ⁋1 A full Debate upon Publick Affairs in the Senate. 1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. lxii. 391 The debate, which lasted four nights, was brilliant and impassioned. c. (Frequently in French form débat.) A type of literary composition, taking the form of a discussion or disputation, commonly found in the vernacular medieval poetry of many European countries, as well as in medieval Latin. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > other non-story prose > [noun] > debate debate1841 1841 T. Wright Latin Poems W. Mapes 346 (title) Debate between the Body and the Soul. 1897 G. Saintsbury Flourishing of Romance v. 203 A form so popular with the French trouvères as the débat. 1903 E. K. Chambers Mediæval Stage I. iv. 79 The débat is a kind of poetical controversy put into the mouths of two types or two personified abstractions, each of which pleads the cause of its own superiority, while in the end the decision is not infrequently referred to an umpire in the fashion familiar in the eclogues of Theocritus. 1903 E. K. Chambers Mediæval Stage II. xxiii. 153 This débat-like theme is of course familiar in every branch of allegorical literature. 1933 R. Tuve Seasons & Months i. 12 The conflict between the vital and ascetic principles..seen in the Owl and the Nightingale débat. 1939 R. M. Wilson Early M.E. Lit. vii. 168 The Thrush and the Nightingale..is..a compromise between the debate and the lyric. 1963 M. D. Legge Anglo-Norman Lit. xiii. 335 The violent language used by both parties to the debate is, like the language of flytings, not to be taken seriously. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > [noun] warec893 mundbyrdeOE mundOE forhillinga1300 hillinga1300 weringa1300 warranting1303 garrisonc1320 defencec1325 defendingc1350 protectionc1350 garnisonc1386 safe warda1398 warrantise?a1400 safeguard1421 safekeeping1425 defension?a1439 defendancec1450 warisonc1450 propugnation1575 guard1576 fortifying1580 debate1581 shielding1581 shrouda1586 patronage1590 shrouding1615 fortressing?1624 munification1653 fencinga1661 castleward1674 fending1771 safeguardance1897 1581 R. Sempill Complaint vpon Fortoun (single sheet) Quha findis hir [sc. Dame Fortune's] freindship of fauour hes aneuch..How far may Darius bragge of her debait. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † debaten.2 Obsolete. Lowering; depreciation; degradation. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > [noun] debatec1460 disparagement1486 embasement1575 digraduation1577 lessening1579 degraduation1581 disparagea1592 bastardizing1598 debasement1602 deplumation1611 depression1628 vilificationa1631 degradement1641 degrading1646 prostration1647 deprisure1648 embasure1656 embasing1659 debasure1683 degradationc1752 derogation1785 demotion1872 objectification1973 c1460 R. Roos tr. La Belle Dame sans Mercy 456 in Polit. Relig. & Love Poems 67 Yf a lady doo soo grete outrage to shewe pyte, and cause hir owen debate. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2021). debatev.1ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > contend [verb (intransitive)] winc888 fightc900 flitec900 wraxlec1000 wrestlea1200 cockc1225 conteckc1290 strivec1290 struta1300 topc1305 to have, hold, make, take strifec1374 stightlea1375 debatec1386 batea1400 strugglec1412 hurlc1440 ruffle1440 warc1460 warslea1500 pingle?a1513 contend1529 repugn1529 scruggle1530 sturtc1535 tuga1550 broilc1567 threap1572 yoke1581 bustle1585 bandy1594 tilt1595 combat1597 to go (also shake, try, wrestle) a fall1597 mutiny1597 militate1598 combatizec1600 scuffle1601 to run (or ride) a-tilt1608 wage1608 contesta1618 stickle1625 conflict1628 stickle1647 dispute1656 fence1665 contrast1672 scramble1696 to battle it1715 rug1832 grabble1835 buffet1839 tussle1862 pickeer1892 passage1895 tangle1928 c1386 G. Chaucer Sir Thopas 157 His cote-armour..In which he wold debate. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 5913 For he wol þus debate on me I shal him drenche in þe see. 1490 Arte & Crafte to knowe well to Dye (Caxton) 9 I wyll not debate ne stryue ayenst the. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 508/1 I debate, I stryve..I wyll nat debate with you for so small a mater. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. M7v Well could he tourney and in lists debate. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 592 The Spanish General..together with his Officers, debate of the right thereof against all force. 2. transitive. To contest, dispute; to contend or fight for; to carry on (a fight or quarrel). Obsolete or archaic. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > contention or strife > carry on (a contest, fight, etc.) [verb (transitive)] wagec1485 debate1490 fighta1616 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxiii. 79 I haue debated þe quarelle ayenst the god of loue. 1597 T. Beard Theatre Gods Iudgements ii. xlii. 423 As though they would debate a priuat quarell before his presence. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 406 They see the boys and Latian youth debate The martial prizes on the dusty plain. 1813 W. Scott Rokeby i. xvi. 25 In many a well-debated field. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella I. Introd. p. xl The cause of religion was debated with the same ardor in Spain, as on the plains of Palestine. ΚΠ a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 172 Is none so armit in to plait That can fra trouble him debait. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. viii. f. 16/1 The resydew..fled to the montanis, and debaitit thair miserabyll liffys..with scars and hard fude. c1540 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. ii. xv. f. 20v/1 Exercit in swift rynnyng, and werslyng, to make thaym the more abyll to debait his realme. a1605 A. Montgomerie Devotional Poems in Poems (1910) vi. 64 Then prayers, almes~deids, and tearis..Sall mair availl than jaks and spearis, For to debait thee. a1605 Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 745 Now debate, if thou dow. 4. a. To dispute about, argue, discuss; esp. to discuss a question of public interest in a legislative or other assembly. (With simple object or object clause.) ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate formally [verb (transitive)] declaimc1374 debatec1400 forensicate1858 c1400 [see sense 5a]. a1439 in Warkworth's Chron. (Camden) Notes 60 The wyche comyns, after the mater debatet..grawntyt and assentyt to the forseyd premisses. 1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xxviii. 103 This matere..they sore debatyd emonge them self by many & dyuerse oppynyons. 1548 R. Crowley Informacion & Peticion sig. Aii Most weyghty mattiers..to be debated..in this present parliament. a1616 W. Shakespeare Comedy of Errors (1623) iii. i. 68 In debating which was best, wee shall part with neither. View more context for this quotation 1653 I. Walton Compl. Angler ii. 42 The question has been debated among many great Clerks. View more context for this quotation 1782 J. Priestley Hist. Corruptions Christianity I. iv. 392 It was debated in the Greek Church. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §7. 533 The Lords debated nothing but proposals of peace. b. intransitive. To engage in discussion or argument; esp. in a public assembly. Const. upon, on, †of. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > academic or public disputation > debate publicly [verb (intransitive)] to hold (also keep) schoolsc1475 debate1530 wrangle?1570 forensicate1858 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 508/1 They have debated upon this mater these fiftene dayes. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. cx After long debatyng, the Commons concluded to graunte .ii.s. of the pound. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. i. 35 Your seuerall suites Haue bin consider'd and debated on. View more context for this quotation 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. v. 199 To grant or deny them [sc. Convocations] Commission to debate of Religion. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I I. xi. 307 The Commons..debated in an open committee on certain parts of these speeches. 1835 W. Irving Tour on Prairies 183 Beatte..came up while we were debating. 5. a. transitive. To discuss or consider (with oneself or in one's own mind), deliberate upon. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2179 Debatande with hym-self quat hit be myȝt. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 508/1 I wyll debate this mater with my selfe, and take counsayle of my pylowe. 1577 H. Rhodes Bk. Nurture (new ed.) sig. Diiiiv Be not hasty aunswere to giue, before thou it debate. 1623 Conway in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. i. III. 155 These tender considerations..his Majestie debated some dayes. 1859 Ld. Tennyson Enid in Idylls of King 65 Enid.., Debating his command of silence given,..Held commune with herself. b. intransitive. To deliberate, consider (with oneself). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 1594 [implied in: W. Shakespeare Lucrece sig. C3v Then childish feare auaunt, debating die. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) iv. i. 32 I and my Bosome must debate awhile. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxix. 168 From this false doctrine, men are disposed to debate with themselves, [etc.]. 1733 J. Swift On Poetry 4 A founder'd Horse will oft debate, Before he tries a five-barr'd Gate. 1870 W. Morris Earthly Paradise I. i. 371 She sat, Debating in her mind of this and that. 6. quasi-passive const.: debating stands for a-debating = in debate, i.e. the verbal noun preceded by prep. a- = on, in. ΚΠ 1682 T. D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 149 What cursed Case is now debating? 1788 A. Hughes Henry & Isabella I. 86 This subject was still earnestly debating. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † debatev.2 Obsolete. 1. a. transitive. To abate; to beat down, bring down, lower, reduce, lessen, diminish. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > reduce in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (transitive)] littleeOE anitherOE wanzelOE lessc1225 slakea1300 littenc1300 aslakec1314 adminisha1325 allayc1330 settle1338 low1340 minisha1382 reprovea1382 abatea1398 rebatea1398 subtlea1398 alaskia1400 forlyten?a1400 imminish14.. lessenc1410 diminish1417 repress?a1425 assuagec1430 scarcec1440 small1440 underslakec1440 alessa1450 debate?c1450 batec1460 decreasec1470 appetisse1474 alow1494 mince1499 perswage?1504 remita1513 inless?1521 attenuate1530 weaken1530 defray1532 mitigate1532 minorate1534 narrow?1548 diminuec1550 extenuate1555 amain1578 exolve1578 base1581 dejecta1586 amoinder1588 faint1598 qualify1604 contract1605 to pull down1607 shrivel1609 to take down1610 disaugment1611 impoverish1611 shrink1628 decoct1629 persway1631 unflame1635 straiten1645 depress1647 reduce1649 detract1654 minuate1657 alloy1661 lower?1662 sinka1684 retreat1690 nip1785 to drive down1840 minify1866 to knock down1867 to damp down1869 scale1887 mute1891 clip1938 to roll back1942 to cut back1943 downscale1945 downrate1958 slim1963 downshift1972 ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 4727 Þai..prayed for pardoune of þat attaynt, Þair mysdede to debate. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1960) xiii. iii. 35 Thir Rutilianys..Gan at command debait thar voce and cess. ?1562 Thersytes sig. C.iv I wyll debate anone..thy bragginge chere. 1564 J. Rastell Confut. Serm. M. Iuell f. 56 That body, which was..with fast debated. b. To depreciate, decry; = debase v. 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > disparagement or depreciation > disparage or depreciate [verb (transitive)] littleeOE low1340 dispraisec1386 minish1402 deroge1427 detractc1449 descryc1450 detrayc1475 dismerit1484 decline1509 vilipend1509 disprize?1518 disable1528 derogatea1530 elevate1541 disparagea1556 detrect1563 debase1565 demerit1576 vilify1586 disgrace1589 detracta1592 besparage1592 enervate1593 obtrect1595 extenuate1601 disvalue1605 disparagon1610 undervalue1611 avile1615 debaucha1616 to cry down1616 debate1622 decry1641 atomize1645 underrate1646 naucify1653 dedignify1654 stuprate1655 de-ample1657 dismagn1657 slur1660 voguec1661 depreciate1666 to run down1671 baffle1674 lacken1674 sneer1706 diminish1712 substract1728 down1780 belittle1789 carbonify1792 to speak scorn of1861 to give one a back-cap1903 minoritize1947 mauvais langue1952 rubbish1953 down-talk1959 marginalize1970 marginate1970 trash1975 neg1987 1622 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales (rev. ed.) vi. viii. 134 The Parthian put his souldiers in mind of..the renowned nobility of the Arsacides: and..debated Hiberius as ignoble. c. To subtract, take away. (absol. in quot. 1658). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > deduction > deduct [verb (intransitive)] subtray?c1425 abatec1467 detracta1592 substract1637 debate1658 subtract1682 1658 W. Johnson tr. F. Würtz Surgeons Guid ii. i. 48 To debate from the one, and to add to the other. 2. intransitive. To abate, fall off, grow less. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > decrease or reduction in quantity, amount, or degree > decrease in quantity, amount, or degree [verb (intransitive)] littleOE setc1000 wanzec1175 lessc1225 allayc1275 wane1297 slaken1303 disincreasec1374 slakec1380 decrease1382 debatea1400 unwaxa1400 wastea1400 adminishc1400 lessenc1400 imminish14.. aslakec1405 minish?a1425 assuagec1430 shrinkc1449 to let down1486 decay1489 diminish1520 fall1523 rebate1540 batea1542 to come down1548 abate1560 stoop1572 pine1580 slack1580 scanten1585 shrivel1588 decrew1596 remit1629 contract1648 subside1680 lower1697 relax1701 drop1730 to take off1776 to run down1792 reduce1798 recede1810 to run off1816 to go down1823 attenuatea1834 ease1876 downscale1945 a1400–50 Alexander (Dublin) 2506 Þe more I meng our maieste þe more it debates. ?c1450 Life St. Cuthbert (1891) l. 2548 Þe werkenes of hir sekenes with in Began to debate and blyn. 1586 W. Webbe tr. Horace in Disc. Eng. Poetrie sig. K.iiiiv Artes..when they are at the full perfection, doo debate and decrease againe. 1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. iii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. P4 The strength of the symptomes being debated. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.11340n.2c1460v.1c1386v.2a1400 |
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