deliberationn.¹

Brit.

/dᵻˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/, U.S.

/dᵻˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən/,

/diˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən/

Forms: Middle English deleberacion, Middle English deliberacione, Middle English deliberacioun, Middle English deliberacioune, Middle English deliberacon, Middle English delyberacione, Middle English delyberacyoun, Middle English delyberatone, Middle English–1500s deliberacyon, Middle English–1500s delyberacion, Middle English–1500s delyberacioun, Middle English–1500s delyberacyon, Middle English–1600s deliberacion, Middle English– deliberation, 1500s delyberation, 1500s delyberatioun, 1500s–1600s diliberation; also Scottish pre-1700 deliberacioun, pre-1700 deliberatione, pre-1700 deliberatioun.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French deliberation; Latin dēlīberātiōn-, dēlīberātiō.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French deliberation, deliberacion (French délibération ) action of deliberating or reflecting carefully on something (late 13th cent. in Old French), debate, discussion (14th cent.), decision (late 14th cent.), intention, determination (1534 in Rabelais), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin dēlīberātiōn-, dēlīberātiō careful consideration, speech made in the deliberative style, in post-classical Latin also agreement (6th cent.), decision (from 14th cent. in British sources) < dēlīberāt- , past participial stem of dēlīberāre deliber v. + -iō -ion suffix¹.Compare Catalan deliberació , Portuguese deliberação (both 14th cent.), Spanish deliberación , Italian deliberazione (both 13th cent.). Specific senses. In sense 3b after Italian deliberazione (1697 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. c1720).

a. The action of thinking carefully about something, esp. in order to reach a decision; careful consideration; an act or instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun]

i-mindOE

studyinglOE

mindc1300

bethinking1340

poring1340

regard1348

weighingc1380

contemplationc1390

advisementa1393

deliberationa1393

advicec1405

reckoninga1413

visement?1414

considerancec1420

advisenessc1425

revolutionc1425

rewardc1432

mind-takingc1449

umbethinkingc1450

advisednessc1475

considering1483

beholding1530

meditationa1535

pondering1535

cogitation?1542

expending1545

ponderation1556

perpending1558

well weighing1566

surview1576

reflex1593

revolve1595

lucubration1596

agitation1600

perpension1612

vizamenta1616

pensitation1623

perpensation1623

perpendment1667

ruminating1668

commentationa1670

revolving1670

reflectiona1674

introspectiona1676

propendencya1676

ponderment1728

chawing1845

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 2302 (MED) I this Supplicacioun With good deliberacioun..Hadde after min entente write.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. 519 For he with gret deliberacion Hadde euery þing..Forn-cast and put in execucion.

1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 67 Aman ought to do his werkis, by deliberacion, &..not sodaynly.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxciij^v Without any farther deliberacion, he determined with him selfe.

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. vi. 376 This is the Religion which I have chosen after a long deliberation, and I am verily perswaded that I have chosen wisely.

1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. xiii. §16. 207 Deliberation is nothing else but a weighing, as it were in scales, the conveniencies, and inconveniencies of the fact we are attempting.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 184. ⁋4 To close tedious deliberations with hasty resolves.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 386 Make up your mind then..for the time of deliberation is over.

2017 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 7 Oct. Karen meets attractive, well-read builder Gareth, and after much deliberation agrees to go on a date with him.

b. The consideration and discussion, esp. by a council, committee, etc., of a particular proposal, course of action, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting

aughteOE

redeOE

somrunec1275

speakingc1275

counselc1290

deliberationc1405

advisement1414

commoninga1425

communingc1425

imparlement1450

imparling1450

parleyc1490

parleying1508

counselment1523

parling1527

counsellinga1533

practice1540

interview1541

consultation1548

parliance1553

conference1555

enterparling1557

consult1560

imparlee1565

parlance1577

imparlance1579

parliamenting1582

deliberative1590

converse1614

parliamentation1622

powwowing1642

consulting1823

powwowism1873

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §285 It hadde ben necessarie mo conseilours & moore deliberacioun [c1415 Corpus Oxf. deliberacions] to performe youre empⁱse.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. x. sig. Qviij^v Grete bataylles are entreprysed by delyberacyon of a grete counseyl.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ii. f. 57^v After deliberation, they iudged that Nicuesa could no more lacke [etc.].

1688 N. N. Acct. Proposals Archbishop of Canterbury 2 Their Lordships assembled together..and prepared, upon the most mature deliberation, such Matters as they judged necessary.

1724 London Gaz. No. 6313 The States of the Province of Hollands have passed a Resolution to..continue their Deliberations on the Project for an Augmention [of troops].

1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner i. 19 On their return to the vestry there was further deliberation.

1914 Cumberland (Maryland) Press 21 Nov. 4/1 It is a matter which should be accomplished only as a result of congressional deliberation, and not at the stroke of one man's pen.

2007 A. E. Doan Opposition & Intimidation ii. 64 Given the controversial issue, the rehearing of the cases, and the Court's long deliberation, no one had a clear idea how the Court was going to rule.

c. A debate, a discussion, a consultation. Somewhat rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > a conference

councilc1275

parliamentc1325

consultationc1425

interview1514

talk1551

parle1552

colloquy1570

parley?a1580

enterparle1584

interparley1590

conference1592

enterparley1594

enterparlance1595

consult1600

antiparle1602

deliberation1632

consulto1659

conversation1703

palaver1735

consulta1768

korero1807

powwow1812

council-general1817

concilium1834

talk-in1966

think-in1966

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 80 A long deliberation being ended, they restored backe againe my Pilgrimes clothes, and Letters.

1648 F. Nethersole Problems ii. (heading) Advice..very applyable to the present Deliberation in Parliament concerning Delinquents.

1818 W. P. Greswell Ann. Parisian Typography 55 Louis XI. assembled the four faculties to hold a deliberation on the subject.

2018 S. Boulianne in L. L. Hanson Public Deliberation on Climate Change iv. 125 In total, sixty people signed up to participate in the deliberation held on February 22, 2014.

2. Care; meticulousness; great attention to detail. Formerly also: †good judgement, judiciousness (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence > due deliberation in action

deliberationc1405

maturity1448

deliberateness1602

deliberativeness1654

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §374 Yow oghte purueien and apparailen yow in this cas with greet diligence and greet deliberacioun.

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxix. 62 Al that they sayde or dyde shold be of suche delyberacion, that it myght be taken for autoryte of lawe.

?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Civ^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Nowe we wyll dyspose vs with delyberacyon to speake of the curacyon of inueterate vlcers.

1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage xviii. 178 A new Ordinance..treated and published with the greatest deliberation and solemnity that ever any Edict was of this kind in France.

1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiii. 470 You are not to content your self with a hasty general review of the day, but you must enter upon it with deliberation.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 167 Every whim..is put into stone and iron, into silver and gold, with costly deliberation and detail.

2005 N. Johnson Big Dead Place ii. 21 I futzed around the room, arranging the moth-brown Eastern Bloc furniture with grave deliberation.

†3.

a. A resolution or decision made by a person to behave or act in a particular way. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > [noun] > (a) resolution or decision

resolutiona1475

decreetc1475

decision1490

shall?1553

deliberation1579

resolve1592

pitch1600

volition1615

1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 22 The timerous man caried by despaire into deliberacions headlong and hurtfull.

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 10 If the doubt of shewing himselfe too credulous..had not confirm'd him in his former deliberation.

1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxix. 135 My deliberation is not to provoke, but to appease: not to assault, but to defend.

b. The written record of a resolution reached by a governing body. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > record of deliberating body or learned society

transactions1665

deliberationc1720

proceedings1790

c1720 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture III. xviii. 32 Places..where were reposited the deliberations [It. deliberationi] and resolutions of the Senate.

4. Slowness, esp. in movement; lack of hurry.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [noun] > unhurried quality

leisurea1300

leisureness1742

leisureliness1829

deliberation1838

hastelessness1838

the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [noun] > absence of haste

leisurea1300

leisureness1742

leisureliness1829

deliberateness1831

deliberation1838

hastelessness1838

1838 T. L. McKenney & J. Hall Hist. Indian Tribes N. Amer. I. 199 The white men employed to walk with the Indians, performed the task with a celerity of which the Indians loudly complained... They alleged that it had been usual, on other occasions, to walk with deliberation, and to rest and smoke by the way.

1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. iv. ix. 612 Psychical changes that..take place with some deliberation.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvii. 119 We saw it [sc. an ice-berg] roll over with the utmost deliberation.

2011 T. Cole Open City (2012) ix. 116 Their dowdy clothes, the slow deliberation of their movements, and the clutter of bottles on the table cumulatively created an exact Cézannesque tableau.

Phrases

† to take (also have) deliberation and variants: to deliberate; to consider something carefully; to confer, take counsel. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)]

thinkOE

bethinka1200

umthinka1300

to have mind ofc1300

casta1340

studya1375

delivera1382

to chew the cudc1384

to take advisementa1393

stema1400

compassc1400

advisec1405

deliberc1405

to make it wisec1405

to take deliberationc1405

enter?a1413

riddlec1426

hovec1440

devise?c1450

to study by (also in) oneself?c1450

considerc1460

porec1500

regard1523

deliberate1543

to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546

contemplate1560

consult1565

perpend1568

vise1568

to consider of1569

weigh1573

ruminate1574

dascanc1579

to lay to (one's) heart1588

pondera1593

debate1594

reflect1596

comment1597

perponder1599

revolvea1600

rumine1605

consider on, upon1606

to think twice1623

reflex1631

spell1645

ponderatea1652

to turn about1725

to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736

to wake over1771

incubatea1847

mull1857

fink1888

the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] > confer, consult, or deliberate

roundc1275

to speak togetherc1275

to take counselc1290

counsel1297

treat1297

advisea1393

communea1393

to take deliberationc1405

common1416

to put (also bring, lay, set, etc.) their (also our, your) heads togetherc1425

janglec1440

bespeak1489

parliamenta1492

intercommonc1540

confer1545

parle1558

consult1565

imparl1572

break parle1594

handle1596

emparley1600

to confer notes1650

to compare notes1709

powwow1780

to get together1816

palaver1877

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §63 We axen leyser & espace to haue deliberacioun in this cas to deme..we axen deliberacion.

a1477 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hunterian) (1940) §2916 Toke a deliberacioun [c1405 Ellesmere Dame Prudence..delibered and took auys, c1405 Hengwrt dame Prudence..delyueride & took auys].

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxix To the intente I..do nothyng rashely,..I require a time to take deliberation.

1686 N. Johnston Excellency Monarchical Govt. xxvi. 223 The whole number of Bishops, Earls, Barons, Abbats and Priors, having had deliberation, answered the King.

1744 J. Grove Hist. Life & Times Cardinal Wolsey IV. xvi. 19/1 They were advertised by a Post, that they should take Deliberation in the Matter until his Counsel were opened.

1879 Newcastle Courant 12 Sept. 6/5 There is still the sentry; however, I will take deliberation, and make as good a bargain with him as I can.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	deliberation
释义	deliberationn.¹ Brit. /dᵻˌlɪbəˈreɪʃn/, U.S. /dᵻˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən/, /diˌlɪbəˈreɪʃən/ Forms: Middle English deleberacion, Middle English deliberacione, Middle English deliberacioun, Middle English deliberacioune, Middle English deliberacon, Middle English delyberacione, Middle English delyberacyoun, Middle English delyberatone, Middle English–1500s deliberacyon, Middle English–1500s delyberacion, Middle English–1500s delyberacioun, Middle English–1500s delyberacyon, Middle English–1600s deliberacion, Middle English– deliberation, 1500s delyberation, 1500s delyberatioun, 1500s–1600s diliberation; also Scottish pre-1700 deliberacioun, pre-1700 deliberatione, pre-1700 deliberatioun. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French deliberation; Latin dēlīberātiōn-, dēlīberātiō. Etymology: < (i) Middle French deliberation, deliberacion (French délibération ) action of deliberating or reflecting carefully on something (late 13th cent. in Old French), debate, discussion (14th cent.), decision (late 14th cent.), intention, determination (1534 in Rabelais), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin dēlīberātiōn-, dēlīberātiō careful consideration, speech made in the deliberative style, in post-classical Latin also agreement (6th cent.), decision (from 14th cent. in British sources) < dēlīberāt- , past participial stem of dēlīberāre deliber v. + -iō -ion suffix¹.Compare Catalan deliberació , Portuguese deliberação (both 14th cent.), Spanish deliberación , Italian deliberazione (both 13th cent.). Specific senses. In sense 3b after Italian deliberazione (1697 in this sense, in the passage translated in quot. c1720). 1. a. The action of thinking carefully about something, esp. in order to reach a decision; careful consideration; an act or instance of this. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [noun] i-mindOE studyinglOE mindc1300 bethinking1340 poring1340 regard1348 weighingc1380 contemplationc1390 advisementa1393 deliberationa1393 advicec1405 reckoninga1413 visement?1414 considerancec1420 advisenessc1425 revolutionc1425 rewardc1432 mind-takingc1449 umbethinkingc1450 advisednessc1475 considering1483 beholding1530 meditationa1535 pondering1535 cogitation?1542 expending1545 ponderation1556 perpending1558 well weighing1566 surview1576 reflex1593 revolve1595 lucubration1596 agitation1600 perpension1612 vizamenta1616 pensitation1623 perpensation1623 perpendment1667 ruminating1668 commentationa1670 revolving1670 reflectiona1674 introspectiona1676 propendencya1676 ponderment1728 chawing1845 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 2302 (MED) I this Supplicacioun With good deliberacioun..Hadde after min entente write. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. 519 For he with gret deliberacion Hadde euery þing..Forn-cast and put in execucion. 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 67 Aman ought to do his werkis, by deliberacion, &..not sodaynly. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cxciij^v Without any farther deliberacion, he determined with him selfe. 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. vi. 376 This is the Religion which I have chosen after a long deliberation, and I am verily perswaded that I have chosen wisely. 1651 T. Hobbes Philos. Rudim. xiii. §16. 207 Deliberation is nothing else but a weighing, as it were in scales, the conveniencies, and inconveniencies of the fact we are attempting. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 184. ⁋4 To close tedious deliberations with hasty resolves. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. 386 Make up your mind then..for the time of deliberation is over. 2017 Liverpool Echo (Nexis) 7 Oct. Karen meets attractive, well-read builder Gareth, and after much deliberation agrees to go on a date with him. b. The consideration and discussion, esp. by a council, committee, etc., of a particular proposal, course of action, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting aughteOE redeOE somrunec1275 speakingc1275 counselc1290 deliberationc1405 advisement1414 commoninga1425 communingc1425 imparlement1450 imparling1450 parleyc1490 parleying1508 counselment1523 parling1527 counsellinga1533 practice1540 interview1541 consultation1548 parliance1553 conference1555 enterparling1557 consult1560 imparlee1565 parlance1577 imparlance1579 parliamenting1582 deliberative1590 converse1614 parliamentation1622 powwowing1642 consulting1823 powwowism1873 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §285 It hadde ben necessarie mo conseilours & moore deliberacioun [c1415 Corpus Oxf. deliberacions] to performe youre empⁱse. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes iv. x. sig. Qviij^v Grete bataylles are entreprysed by delyberacyon of a grete counseyl. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde ii. ii. f. 57^v After deliberation, they iudged that Nicuesa could no more lacke [etc.]. 1688 N. N. Acct. Proposals Archbishop of Canterbury 2 Their Lordships assembled together..and prepared, upon the most mature deliberation, such Matters as they judged necessary. 1724 London Gaz. No. 6313 The States of the Province of Hollands have passed a Resolution to..continue their Deliberations on the Project for an Augmention [of troops]. 1861 ‘G. Eliot’ Silas Marner i. 19 On their return to the vestry there was further deliberation. 1914 Cumberland (Maryland) Press 21 Nov. 4/1 It is a matter which should be accomplished only as a result of congressional deliberation, and not at the stroke of one man's pen. 2007 A. E. Doan Opposition & Intimidation ii. 64 Given the controversial issue, the rehearing of the cases, and the Court's long deliberation, no one had a clear idea how the Court was going to rule. c. A debate, a discussion, a consultation. Somewhat rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting > a conference councilc1275 parliamentc1325 consultationc1425 interview1514 view1520 talk1551 parle1552 colloquy1570 parley?a1580 enterparle1584 interparley1590 conference1592 enterparley1594 enterparlance1595 consult1600 antiparle1602 deliberation1632 consulto1659 conversation1703 palaver1735 consulta1768 korero1807 powwow1812 council-general1817 concilium1834 talk-in1966 think-in1966 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 80 A long deliberation being ended, they restored backe againe my Pilgrimes clothes, and Letters. 1648 F. Nethersole Problems ii. (heading) Advice..very applyable to the present Deliberation in Parliament concerning Delinquents. 1818 W. P. Greswell Ann. Parisian Typography 55 Louis XI. assembled the four faculties to hold a deliberation on the subject. 2018 S. Boulianne in L. L. Hanson Public Deliberation on Climate Change iv. 125 In total, sixty people signed up to participate in the deliberation held on February 22, 2014. 2. Care; meticulousness; great attention to detail. Formerly also: †good judgement, judiciousness (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [noun] > prudence > due deliberation in action deliberationc1405 maturity1448 deliberateness1602 deliberativeness1654 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §374 Yow oghte purueien and apparailen yow in this cas with greet diligence and greet deliberacioun. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) (1859) iv. xxix. 62 Al that they sayde or dyde shold be of suche delyberacion, that it myght be taken for autoryte of lawe. ?1541 R. Copland Galen's Fourth Bk. Terapeutyke sig. Civ^v, in Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens Nowe we wyll dyspose vs with delyberacyon to speake of the curacyon of inueterate vlcers. 1675 R. Vaughan Disc. Coin & Coinage xviii. 178 A new Ordinance..treated and published with the greatest deliberation and solemnity that ever any Edict was of this kind in France. 1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiii. 470 You are not to content your self with a hasty general review of the day, but you must enter upon it with deliberation. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits x. 167 Every whim..is put into stone and iron, into silver and gold, with costly deliberation and detail. 2005 N. Johnson Big Dead Place ii. 21 I futzed around the room, arranging the moth-brown Eastern Bloc furniture with grave deliberation. †3. a. A resolution or decision made by a person to behave or act in a particular way. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > [noun] > (a) resolution or decision resolutiona1475 decreetc1475 decision1490 shall?1553 deliberation1579 resolve1592 pitch1600 volition1615 1579 G. Fenton tr. F. Guicciardini Hist. Guicciardin i. 22 The timerous man caried by despaire into deliberacions headlong and hurtfull. 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 10 If the doubt of shewing himselfe too credulous..had not confirm'd him in his former deliberation. 1653 T. Urquhart tr. F. Rabelais 1st Bk. Wks. xxix. 135 My deliberation is not to provoke, but to appease: not to assault, but to defend. b. The written record of a resolution reached by a governing body. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > record of deliberating body or learned society transactions1665 deliberationc1720 proceedings1790 c1720 N. Dubois & G. Leoni tr. A. Palladio Architecture III. xviii. 32 Places..where were reposited the deliberations [It. deliberationi] and resolutions of the Senate. 4. Slowness, esp. in movement; lack of hurry. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > rate of motion > slowness > [noun] > unhurried quality leisurea1300 leisureness1742 leisureliness1829 deliberation1838 hastelessness1838 the world > action or operation > manner of action > slowness of action or operation > [noun] > absence of haste leisurea1300 leisureness1742 leisureliness1829 deliberateness1831 deliberation1838 hastelessness1838 1838 T. L. McKenney & J. Hall Hist. Indian Tribes N. Amer. I. 199 The white men employed to walk with the Indians, performed the task with a celerity of which the Indians loudly complained... They alleged that it had been usual, on other occasions, to walk with deliberation, and to rest and smoke by the way. 1855 H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. iv. ix. 612 Psychical changes that..take place with some deliberation. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xvii. 119 We saw it [sc. an ice-berg] roll over with the utmost deliberation. 2011 T. Cole Open City (2012) ix. 116 Their dowdy clothes, the slow deliberation of their movements, and the clutter of bottles on the table cumulatively created an exact Cézannesque tableau. Phrases † to take (also have) deliberation and variants: to deliberate; to consider something carefully; to confer, take counsel. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > think about, consider [verb (intransitive)] thinkOE thinkOE bethinka1200 umthinka1300 to have mind ofc1300 casta1340 studya1375 delivera1382 to chew the cudc1384 to take advisementa1393 stema1400 compassc1400 advisec1405 deliberc1405 to make it wisec1405 to take deliberationc1405 enter?a1413 riddlec1426 hovec1440 devise?c1450 to study by (also in) oneself?c1450 considerc1460 porec1500 regard1523 deliberate1543 to put on one's thinking or considering cap1546 contemplate1560 consult1565 perpend1568 vise1568 to consider of1569 weigh1573 ruminate1574 dascanc1579 to lay to (one's) heart1588 pondera1593 debate1594 reflect1596 comment1597 perponder1599 revolvea1600 rumine1605 consider on, upon1606 to think twice1623 reflex1631 spell1645 ponderatea1652 to turn about1725 to cast a thought, a reflection upon1736 to wake over1771 incubatea1847 mull1857 fink1888 the mind > language > speech > conversation > converse [verb (intransitive)] > confer, consult, or deliberate roundc1275 to speak togetherc1275 to take counselc1290 counsel1297 treat1297 advisea1393 communea1393 to take deliberationc1405 common1416 to put (also bring, lay, set, etc.) their (also our, your) heads togetherc1425 janglec1440 bespeak1489 parliamenta1492 intercommonc1540 confer1545 parle1558 consult1565 imparl1572 break parle1594 handle1596 emparley1600 to confer notes1650 to compare notes1709 powwow1780 to get together1816 palaver1877 c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hengwrt) (2003) §63 We axen leyser & espace to haue deliberacioun in this cas to deme..we axen deliberacion. a1477 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Hunterian) (1940) §2916 Toke a deliberacioun [c1405 Ellesmere Dame Prudence..delibered and took auys, c1405 Hengwrt dame Prudence..delyueride & took auys]. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. xxix To the intente I..do nothyng rashely,..I require a time to take deliberation. 1686 N. Johnston Excellency Monarchical Govt. xxvi. 223 The whole number of Bishops, Earls, Barons, Abbats and Priors, having had deliberation, answered the King. 1744 J. Grove Hist. Life & Times Cardinal Wolsey IV. xvi. 19/1 They were advertised by a Post, that they should take Deliberation in the Matter until his Counsel were opened. 1879 Newcastle Courant 12 Sept. 6/5 There is still the sentry; however, I will take deliberation, and make as good a bargain with him as I can. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † deliberationn.² Forms: late Middle English delyberacione, late Middle English delyberacyon, 1500s delyberacion. Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from French. Or (ii) a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French deliberation; Latin deliberation-, deliberatio. Etymology: < (i) Middle French deliberacion, deliberation deliverance (1327), or its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin deliberation-, deliberatio deliverance (frequently from 12th cent. in British sources; from 13th cent. in continental sources), delivery, handing over (from 14th cent. in British sources) < deliberat- , past participial stem of deliberare deliver v.¹ + classical Latin -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare later deliveration n., liberation n. Obsolete. Deliverance, liberation; setting free (from confinement, pain, evil, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > freedom or liberty > liberation > [noun] > from slavery deliberationa1425 manumission1452 mainmission?a1534 manumising1579 disenthraldom1823 disenthralmenta1854 a1425 St. Anthony l. 7 in Anglia (1881) 4 127 (MED) He was sente fro þe emperur of Costantynobull for hys dogter, þat was trawyll wyt ix deuelles, for hyre delyberacione. 1483 tr. Adam of Eynsham Reuelation xxvi Y askyd sent Nycholas my leder yf this mannys peynys myght be remedyde or helpe by any mene. And thanne he seyde whanne the daye of dome ys cumme thenne schalll crystys wille be fulfyllede... Therfore I coude knowe no thyng for certen of this mannys delyberacyon. c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. lx^v/2 That we shulde treate with thy holynesse for his delyberacion. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.¹a1393n.²a1425
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deliberationn.1

Phrases

† deliberationn.2

deliberationn.¹

† deliberationn.²