† dervev.

Forms: Old English deorfan, Middle English derue(n; past tense Middle English derfde, Middle English deruede; past participle Middle English idoruen, idorve, iderued, Middle English deruet.

Etymology: Middle English derven strong and weak; the strong verb apparently = Old English deorfan (past tense dearf , durfon , past participle dorfen ) to labour: besides this there probably existed a causal weak verb dierfan (dierfde ) to cause to labour, afflict, grieve; confusion of this with the strong verb, as in burn v.¹, etc. would account for the Middle English forms and sense. Old English deorfan was apparently cognate with the stem of Old Frisian forderva, and OLFrankish fardurvon, translating ‘perierunt’ Psalm lxxii. 19.

Obsolete.

1. intransitive. To labour. (Only in Old English)

ΚΠ

a1000 in Thorpe Hom. II. 516/26 (Bosw.) Ne wiðcweðe ic to deorfenne gyt, gif ic nydbehefe eom gyt ðinum folce.

2. transitive. To trouble, grieve, hurt, afflict, molest.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict

overharryeOE

aileOE

swencheOE

besetOE

traya1000

teenOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

derve?c1225

grieve1297

harrya1300

noyc1300

travailc1300

to work (also do) annoyc1300

wrath14..

aggrievea1325

annoya1325

tribula1325

to hold wakenc1330

anguish1340

distrainc1374

wrap1380

strain1382

ermec1386

afflicta1393

cumbera1400

assayc1400

distressc1400

temptc1400

encumber1413

labour1437

infortune?a1439

stressa1450

trouble1489

arraya1500

constraina1500

attempt1525

misease1530

exercise1531

to hold or keep waking1533

try1539

to wring to the worse1542

pinch1548

affligec1550

trounce1551

oppress1555

inflict1566

overharl1570

strait1579

to make a martyr of1599

straiten1611

tribulatea1637

to put through the hoop(s)1919

snooter1923

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)]

heavyc897

pineeOE

aileOE

sorryeOE

traya1000

sorrowOE

to work (also do) (a person) woeOE

angerc1175

smarta1200

to work, bake, brew balec1200

derve?c1225

grieve?c1225

sitc1225

sweam?c1225

gnawc1230

sughc1230

troublec1230

aggrievea1325

to think sweama1325

unframea1325

anguish1340

teen1340

sowa1352

distrainc1374

to-troublea1382

strain1382

unglad1390

afflicta1393

paina1393

distressa1400

hita1400

sorea1400

assayc1400

remordc1400

temptc1400

to sit (or set) one sorec1420

overthrow?a1425

visit1424

labour1437

passionc1470

arraya1500

constraina1500

misgrievea1500

attempt1525

exagitate1532

to wring to the worse1542

toil1549

lament1580

adolorate1598

rankle1659

try1702

to pass over ——1790

upset1805

to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823

to put (a person) through it1855

bludgeon1888

to get to ——1904

to put through the hoop(s)1919

?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 84 He wes iderued in al his oðere wittes.

a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 211 Þinge þat me derueð mest.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9339 Swiðe he murnede his mod wes iderued.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4354 Hunger him derfde.

c1320 Cast. Love 676 None kunnes asaylyng Ne may him deruen.

c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 47 Beo þou no þing a-dred for non schal þe derue.

absolute.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 88 A lutel hurt in þe echȝe. derueð mare þen amuchel iþe hele.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	derve
释义	† dervev. Forms: Old English deorfan, Middle English derue(n; past tense Middle English derfde, Middle English deruede; past participle Middle English idoruen, idorve, iderued, Middle English deruet. Etymology: Middle English derven strong and weak; the strong verb apparently = Old English deorfan (past tense dearf , durfon , past participle dorfen ) to labour: besides this there probably existed a causal weak verb dierfan (dierfde ) to cause to labour, afflict, grieve; confusion of this with the strong verb, as in burn v.¹, etc. would account for the Middle English forms and sense. Old English deorfan was apparently cognate with the stem of Old Frisian forderva, and OLFrankish fardurvon, translating ‘perierunt’ Psalm lxxii. 19. Obsolete. 1. intransitive. To labour. (Only in Old English) ΚΠ a1000 in Thorpe Hom. II. 516/26 (Bosw.) Ne wiðcweðe ic to deorfenne gyt, gif ic nydbehefe eom gyt ðinum folce. 2. transitive. To trouble, grieve, hurt, afflict, molest. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > suffer (adversity or affliction) [verb (transitive)] > afflict overharryeOE aileOE swencheOE besetOE traya1000 teenOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE derve?c1225 grieve1297 harrya1300 noyc1300 travailc1300 to work (also do) annoyc1300 wrath14.. aggrievea1325 annoya1325 tribula1325 to hold wakenc1330 anguish1340 distrainc1374 wrap1380 strain1382 ermec1386 afflicta1393 cumbera1400 assayc1400 distressc1400 temptc1400 encumber1413 labour1437 infortune?a1439 stressa1450 trouble1489 arraya1500 constraina1500 attempt1525 misease1530 exercise1531 to hold or keep waking1533 try1539 to wring to the worse1542 pinch1548 affligec1550 trounce1551 oppress1555 inflict1566 overharl1570 strait1579 to make a martyr of1599 straiten1611 tribulatea1637 to put through the hoop(s)1919 snooter1923 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > cause mental pain or suffering to [verb (transitive)] heavyc897 pineeOE aileOE sorryeOE traya1000 sorrowOE to work (also do) (a person) woeOE angerc1175 smarta1200 to work, bake, brew balec1200 derve?c1225 grieve?c1225 sitc1225 sweam?c1225 gnawc1230 sughc1230 troublec1230 aggrievea1325 to think sweama1325 unframea1325 anguish1340 teen1340 sowa1352 distrainc1374 to-troublea1382 strain1382 unglad1390 afflicta1393 paina1393 distressa1400 hita1400 sorea1400 assayc1400 remordc1400 temptc1400 to sit (or set) one sorec1420 overthrow?a1425 visit1424 labour1437 passionc1470 arraya1500 constraina1500 misgrievea1500 attempt1525 exagitate1532 to wring to the worse1542 toil1549 lament1580 adolorate1598 rankle1659 try1702 to pass over ——1790 upset1805 to touch (also get, catch, etc.) (a person) on the raw1823 to put (a person) through it1855 bludgeon1888 to get to ——1904 to put through the hoop(s)1919 ?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 84 He wes iderued in al his oðere wittes. a1240 Lofsong in Cott. Hom. 211 Þinge þat me derueð mest. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9339 Swiðe he murnede his mod wes iderued. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 4354 Hunger him derfde. c1320 Cast. Love 676 None kunnes asaylyng Ne may him deruen. c1390 (?c1350) Joseph of Arimathie (1871) l. 47 Beo þou no þing a-dred for non schal þe derue. absolute.?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 88 A lutel hurt in þe echȝe. derueð mare þen amuchel iþe hele. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.a1000
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