单词 | determination |
释义 | determinationn. The action of determining, the condition of being determined. 1. a. A bringing to an end; a coming to an end; ending; termination. archaic (except as in 1b). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > completing > [noun] > bringing to a conclusion endingc1000 determination1483 lapping1549 winding up1560 closure1594 perioding1659 clausure1670 close out1887 the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > end or conclusion > [noun] > coming or bringing to an end determination1483 1483 Cath. Angl. 98 A Determynacion, determinacio, diffinicio. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. aiiiiv A conclusyon or a full detmynacion [sic] of the mater. 1584 R. Scot Discouerie Witchcraft vii. xv. 153 The determination and ceasing of oracles. 1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie i. sig. I2 By reason of the ouer hastye determination of his life. 1659 T. Burton Diary (1828) IV. 324 After the end or other determination of this Parliament. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 153 After the determination of the thirteen years. 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) iv. i. 336 All other Bones save the Teeth have a certain determination of their gowth: but the Teeth grow continually. 1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. vi. 159 A date, subsequent to the determination of Pilate's government. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xvi. 465 The war continued..seeming year by year further removed from a determination. b. Law. (esp. in Conveyancing) The cessation of an estate or interest of any kind. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal concepts > [noun] > cessation of an interest determination1495 1495 Act 11 Hen. VII c. 54 §4 After the..dettermynacions of the states..by deth without heires male or eny other wise. 1581 Compendious Exam. Certayne Ordinary Complaints i. f. 5 Such landes as come to our handes..by determination and ending of such termes of yeares. 1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) VI. 465 To take effect on the determination of the estate tail. 1827 T. Jarman Powell's Ess. Learning of Devises (ed. 3) II. 321 A devise of real estate to the heirs of a person living at the determination of the prior estates. 1875 Act 38 & 39 Vict. c. 92 §4 Determination of tenancy means the cesser of a contract of tenancy by reason of effluxion of time or from any other cause. 1891 Law Rep.: Weekly Notes 25 Apr. 79/1 Immediately after the determination of defendant's tenancy. 2. a. The ending of a controversy or suit by the decision of a judge or arbitrator; judicial or authoritative decision or settlement (of a matter at issue). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] doomc950 redeOE lookingc1300 assizec1314 judging1357 definitionc1384 man's dayc1384 termination1395 discretiona1400 discussiona1425 decidingc1443 judicial1447 decisionc1454 arbitry1489 determinationa1513 determining1530 decerninga1535 discuss1556 discussment1559 thought1579 decernment1586 arbitrage1601 dijudication1615 crisis1623 decidementa1640 determinatinga1640 discernment1646 syndication1650 judication1651 dijudicatinga1656 adjudicature1783 call1902 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. lxx To abyde all suche determynacion and Iugement. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 6 The Judges before whom he knoweth the determinacion of his cause resteth. 1652 M. Nedham tr. J. Selden Of Dominion of Sea 22 The Nations to whose determination the matter was committed. 1737 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) IV. 187 Upon the final Determination of our Disputes. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues I. 112 In the determination of this question the identity of virtue and knowledge is found to be involved. 1891 Sir R. V. Williams in Law Times' Rep. 65 609/1 The general question of the right of the licensee was not essential to the determination of that case. b. The decision arrived at or promulgated; a determinate sentence, conclusion, or opinion. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > [noun] > a judgement, ruling doomc825 judging1357 verdictc1386 determination1395 judgement?a1400 skillc1400 decision1467 date1488 arrest1509 resolution1545 pronouncement1593 resultance1610 decreea1642 placit1641 pronounce1641 placitum1649 vardy1738 deliverance1856 1395 J. Purvey Remonstr. (1851) 73 That ech determinacioun of the chirche of Rome is trewe on ech side. a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 240 Þe determinacion of þe Cherch and þe doctoures..ar pleynly ageyn Holy Scripture. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. Pref. The decisiouns and determinatiouns of general counsallis. 1650 J. Milton Tenure of Kings (ed. 2) 59 The cleere and positive determination of..all..who have writt'n on this argument. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 122. ¶5 They were neither of them dissatisfied with the Knight's Determination. 1785 T. Balguy Disc. Various Subj. 75 To listen to our Saviour's determination,—‘He that is without sin’. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 180 We must run a risk..in coming to any determination about education. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > [noun] mootingOE disputinga1225 mootc1225 sputingc1250 disputisounc1290 arguingc1385 sputisounc1390 debate1393 determinationc1400 luyte1477 disputation1489 dispicion?1510 argumenta1513 plead?a1513 traversing1524 dispicience1531 ruffle1532 debatement1536 argumentationa1538 debating1548 pro et contraa1554 canvassing1565 litigation1567 toil1597 discussion1598 tongue-work1598 agitation1600 canvass1611 fence1637 contestation1638 dispute1638 tongue-fence1643 actitation1661 c1400 Test. Love i. (R.) These clerkes sain, and in determinacion shewen, that three things hauen the names of Goddes been cleaped. 1593 L. Andrewes (title) A Determination concerning Oaths. ΘΚΠ society > education > educational administration > university administration > taking degree or graduation > [noun] commencementa1387 proceeding1479 act1587 commencing1588 graduationa1639 manumissiona1662 determination1665 determining1675 inceptionc1680 bachelorizinga1739 post-graduation1920 1408 in H. Anstey Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) I. 241 Quia per solemnes determinationes Bachillariorum in facultate artium nostra mater Oxoniæ universitas multipliciter honoratur. 1517 Statutes Corpus Christi Coll. 59 in Statutes Coll. Oxf. (1853) II. Baccalaurei artium, completo prius post gradum Baccalaureatus et determinationes triennio..ad gradum magistratus..promoveantur.] 1665 J. Buck in G. Peacock Observ. Statutes Univ. Cambr. (1841) App. B 79 The Vice-Chancellor dismisseth the Answerer..then he beginneth his Determination. 1694 E. Gibson Let. 1 Feb. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 219 There is a Statute..which upon extraordinary occasions allows twice Austins instead of Determinations. 1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) xlii. 223 The manner of this determination is as follows. All persons, that have taken their bachelor of arts degree since the Lent preceding, are obliged to dispute twice in one of the public schools..and go to prayers at St. Mary's Church every Saturday morning. 1822 in T. Fowler Hist. Corpus Christi Coll. (1893) 302 The whole business and ceremony of Determination having been now by competent authority abolished in the University. 1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. v. 121 The Determination Feast, that is the festival following the assumption of the Bachelor's Degree, generally took place on Shrove Tuesday. 1868 H. Anstey Munimenta Academica Oxf. (1868) I. Introd. p. lxxxii It was undoubtedly from the superior importance attached to logical studies that the name ‘determination’ took its rise, the examination for the bachelor's degree consisting mainly of questions to be determined by the candidate. 1887 A. Clark Reg. Univ. Oxf. II. i. 63 All traces of determination have now disappeared from the procedure of the University. The last relic of it was abolished in 1855... To such a base end had ‘determining’ come. 5. a. The determining of bounds or fixing of limits; delimitation; definition; a fixing of the extent, position, or identity (of anything). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or restricted in application > quality of being restricted or limited > [noun] > fixing of limits determination1593 determining1726 delimitation1836 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. x. 73 The particular determination of the rewarde or punishment. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. ii. 169 To make vp a free determination Twixt right and wrong. View more context for this quotation 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iv. xlvi. 373 The Circumscription of a thing, is..the Determination, or Defining of its Place. 1665 R. Hooke Micrographia ix. 54 A determination of Light and shadow. 1744 J. Harris Three Treat. i. 27 Is our Account still too loose, and in need of stricter Determination? 1794 S. Williams Nat. & Civil Hist. Vermont 283 The determination made by Congress of the boundary lines. 1851 H. L. Mansel Prolegomena Logica iv. 103 Under such determinations as the conditions of my sensibility require. 1866 J. G. Murphy Crit. Comm. Exodus xii. Introd. The determination of the parties who are admissible. 1877 E. Caird Crit. Acct. Philos. Kant i. 165 The determinations of space are not consequences, but reasons, of the positions of different parts of matter in relation to each other. b. Logic. (a) The rendering of a notion more determinate or definite by the addition of characters or determining attributes. (b) A determining attribute. ΚΠ 1644 K. Digby Two Treat. i. ix. 70 To be a Quality is nothing else but to be the determination or modification of the thing whose quality it is. 1851 H. L. Mansel Prolegomena Logica vi. 193 Determination..consists in the reunion of attributes previously separated by definition. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1860) III. xi. 194 Every series of concepts which has been obtained by abstraction, may be reproduced in an inverted order, when..we, step by step, add on the several characters from which we had abstracted in our ascent. This process..is called Determination. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic v. 107 Unless one is regarded as an attribute or determination of the other. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 595 The finite and infinite of Philolaus have become logical determinations in the Philebus. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) IV. 266 A multitude of abstractions are created..which become logical determinations. 6. a. The action of definitely ascertaining the position, nature, amount, etc. (of anything). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > assured fact, certainty > making certain, assurance > [noun] > by validation affirmationc1419 confirmation1419 certificatec1508 confirmance1588 validation1656 ascertainment1657 determinationa1676 firmation1684 ascertaining1685 fact-checking1936 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) iii. iii. 263 The determination of Insects in their several Species. 1708 J. Keill Acct. Animal Secretion Pref. p. xxviii The Determination of the Vis Elastica was the Thought of the Learned John Bernouli. 1793 Englefield (title) On the Determination of the Orbits of Comets. 1845–6 G. E. Day tr. J. F. Simon Animal Chem. II. 181 The quantitative determination of earthy-phosphate sediments. 1882 L. B. Carll Treat. Calculus Variation 61 The determination of these constants is not..difficult. b. The result ascertained by this action; that which has been determined by investigation or calculation; a conclusion, a solution. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > discovery > [noun] > a conclusion or solution determination1570 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 8v The determination, which is the declaration of the thing required. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iv. vi. 194 That persons drowned arise and float the ninth day..is a questionable determination . View more context for this quotation 1807 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 3) II. 162 The differences between their determinations were too great. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iii. 25 As philosophers have determined the index of refraction for a great variety of bodies, we are able, from those determinations, to ascertain the direction of any ray. 1857 W. Whewell Hist. Inductive Sci. (ed. 3) I. 105 Generally founded on astronomical determinations. 7. a. Fixed direction towards some terminal point; decisive or determining bias. literal and figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > tendency > [noun] > fixed direction or decisive bias determination1660 1660 R. Boyle New Exper. Physico-mechanicall i. 35 Others, whose motion has an opposite determination. 1713 J. Addison in Guardian 6 July 2/1 The whole Tribe of Oglers gave their Eyes a new Determination. 1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xiii. 78 When a Body moves any particular way, the Disposition that it has to move that way, rather than any other, is what we call its Determination. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Heavy Bodies have a Determination towards their Centre. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will i. ii. 5 When we speak of the Determination of Motion, we mean causing the Motion of the Body to be such a Way, or in such a Direction, rather than another. 1806 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (ed. 3) II. iii. x. 253 The real price of corn varies during periods sufficiently long to affect the determination of capital. 1836 W. Hamilton in Edinb. Rev. Oct. 112 The determination given to the Church of Scotland..was not one of erudition. 1881 Daily News 10 Mar. 5/3 An increasing determination of historic and genre painters towards landscape. b. spec. A tendency or flow of the bodily fluids, now esp. of the blood, to a particular part. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > secretory organs > secretion > [noun] > fluid secretion > flow of fluxion?1541 suffusion1728 determination1740 1740 H. Bracken Farriery Improv'd (ed. 2) II. vi. 203 The Distempers which proceed from an irregular and disorderly Determination of the animal Spirits. 1805 W. Saunders Treat. Mineral Waters (ed. 2) 242 On account of the property of this natural water..and from its rapid determination to the kidnies. 1831 W. Scott Let. to A. Dyce 31 Mar. in J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott Threatened with a determination of blood to the head. 1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Determination, the active direction to a part; as of blood to a special organ with increased vascular action. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object > ultimate sum1340 determination1646 bournec1800 ultimatum1804 finis1850 finality1859 telos1904 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica ii. i. 50 The determination of quick-silver is properly fixation, that of milke coagulation, and that of oyle and unctious bodies onely incrassation. View more context for this quotation 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 340 Each Corpuscle of Salt returns into the primitive Determination which it holds from Nature. 9. metaphorical. The definite direction of the mind or will toward an object or end, by some motive, regarded as an external force. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > motivation > [noun] > incitement or instigation > external impulsion1560 determination1692 1692 R. South 12 Serm. I. 495 Homage which Nature commands all Understandings to pay to it, by necessary Determination. 1694 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding (new ed.) ii. xxi. 142 The determination of the will upon enquiry is following the direction of that Guide: And he that has a power to act, or not to act according as such determination directs, is a free Agent; such determination abridges not that Power wherein liberty consists. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Determination is either Moral, or Physical: A Moral Determination is that proceeding from a Cause, which operates Morally i. e. by Commanding, Persuading, or Advising some Effect. 1788 T. Reid Ess. Active Powers Man iii. ii. vi. 571 Dr. Hutcheson, considering all the principles of action as so many determinations or motions of the will. 10. The mental action of coming to a decision; the fixing or settling of a purpose; the result of this; a fixed purpose or intention. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > [noun] resolvinga1398 resolutiona1475 decision1490 determination1548 resolve1818 making-up1841 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cciii Hauyng a sure determinacion, fixed in their myndes. 1576 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent 208 King Alfred was in Kent when he made determination of this iourney. 1577 B. Googe tr. C. Heresbach Foure Bks. Husbandry i. f. 8 Cato would haue a man long in determination to builde, but to plant and sowe out of hand. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 107 The English had no determination to leave them. 1794 A. Radcliffe Myst. of Udolpho III. i. 6 Agitated with doubts and fears and contrary determinations. 1883 T. Martin Life Ld. Lyndhurst xvii. 416 Lord Lyndhurst left office with the determination never again to return to it. 1895 N.E.D. at Determination Mod. From this determination no reasoning could move her. 11. The quality of being determined or resolute; determinedness, resoluteness. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [noun] willOE businessa1387 wilfulnessc1386 restc1400 point1477 appointmenta1535 firmitude?1541 resoluteness?1560 resolve1592 resolution1594 constancy1603 resolvance1603 resolvedness1611 intensiona1619 determinateness1652 decisiveness1714 determinedness1747 decision1770 decidedness1800 setness1818 determinativeness1821 determination1822 virtu1876 the courage of one's convictions or opinions1878 self-determination1890 adamancy1898 drivenness1902 adamance1925 1822 W. Scott Fortunes of Nigel III. iii. 63 Elizabeth possessed a sternness of masculine sense and determination which rendered even her weaknesses..respectable. 1829 E. Bulwer-Lytton Devereux I. ii. xi. 283 If I had less determination in my heart, I could not love you so well. 1832 H. Douglas Ess. Mil. Bridges (ed. 2) iii. 141 Never was..operation executed with greater intelligence and determination. 1866 ‘G. Eliot’ Felix Holt I. ii. 65 There was an expression of acuteness and determination about him. 1875 F. Hall in Lippincott's Monthly Mag. 15 345/2 In the same spirit of determination. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1395 |
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