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单词 delta
释义

deltan.

Brit. /ˈdɛltə/, U.S. /ˈdɛltə/
Etymology: < Greek δέλτα ( < Phoenician daleth), name of the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet; also the land at the mouth of the Nile (Herod.), the Indus (Strabo), etc.
1.
a. The name of the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet, having the form of a triangle (Δ), and the power of D.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > writing > written character > name of written character > [noun] > Greek
alphac1175
muc1175
betaa1400
taua1400
chic1400
deltac1400
etac1400
kappac1400
gamma?a1425
lambda?a1425
nu?a1425
phi?a1425
pi?a1425
psi?a1425
rho?a1425
xi?a1425
zeta?a1425
upsilon1559
san1584
omega1599
theta1603
iota1607
sigma1607
omicron1631
digamma1699
epsilon1842
zeta1850
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) iii. 20 Ȝif ȝee wil wite of here A, B, C..thei clepen hem..α Alpha..δ Deltha..ω Omega.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 96 Many haue called Ægypt by the name of the Greeke letter Delta.
1860 T. A. G. Balfour Typ. Char. Nature 118 In Botany the symbol of a perennial plant is a Delta.
b. An examiner's fourth-class mark (often the lowest grading category). Also transferred, applied to a person.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > very
delta1911
the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > inferior thing > [noun] > fourth-class mark
delta1911
society > education > educational administration > examination > [noun] > marks > specific marks
accessit1753
honour1774
credit1802
second class1810
firsta1830
first class1830
third class1844
Hons.1850
max1851
second1852
special mention1886
distinction?1890
A1892
E1892
pass mark1894
two-two1895
alpha1898
alpha plus1898
gamma1898
beta1902
delta1911
alpha minus1914
fourth1914
straight A1926
two-one1937
lower second1960
honourable mention2011
society > society and the community > social class > the common people > low rank or condition > the lowest class > [noun] > person of the lowest class
ribalda1250
kitchen knave1440
scullion1483
scudler1488
canel raker?1518
channel raker1575
proletary1576
muckworm1649
proletariana1657
infimate1733
proletaire1796
coolie1803
gutterling1846
mudsill1858
prole1887
gutter-sparrow1890
gutter-bird1896
underworldling1928
delta1932
lumpenproletarian1936
proly1959
1911 T. H. Warren Oxford & Poetry in 1911 19 Swinburne estimated in superlatives or the opposite. His marks were all α+ or δ−.
1932 A. Huxley Brave New World ii. 24 Why go to the trouble of making it psychologically impossible for Deltas to like flowers?
1958 Oxf. Mag. 13 Mar. 362/1 I have mentioned twenty recent pictures..four have some alpha about them; the rest are gamma minus to beta plus (I have not mentioned deltas).
2.
a. Historical ( The Delta.) The tract of alluvial land enclosed and traversed by the diverging mouths of the Nile; so called from the triangular figure of the tract enclosed between the two main branches and the coastline.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > delta > Nile
The Delta1555
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 250v The goulfe of Arabie..from whense they determyned to brynge a nauigable trench vnto the ryuer of Nilus, where as is the fyrst Delta.
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 67 As in Ægypt Nilus maketh that which they call Delta.
1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 57 I enquired of the Delta, and the Niles seven streames.
1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 354 The most convenient port of the Delta.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) III. 529 At the head of the Egyptian Delta, where the river Nile divides.
b. Geography. The more or less triangular tract of alluvial land formed at the mouth of a river, and enclosed or traversed by its diverging branches.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > delta
delta1790
delta-land1806
delta plain1890
1790 E. Gibbon Misc. Wks. (1814) III. 453 The triangular island or delta of Mesola, at the mouth of the Po.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature I. 94 The earthy matter, borne down by the floods, is..thrown back upon the shores, into bays and creeks, and into the mouths of rivers, where it forms deltas.
1830 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 13 Islands have become connected with the main land by the growth of deltas and new deposits.
1840 F. Marryat Olla Podrida I. xxvi. 274 The two rivers..enclose a large delta of land.
1893 Nation 16 Feb. 125/1 The villages are situated on small deltas, built by torrential streams that descend from the neighboring hills.
3.
a. Any triangular space or figure; †the constellation of the Triangle.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the universe > constellation > Northern constellations > [noun] > Triangulum
triangle1556
delta1638
1638 C. Aleyn Hist. Henrie VII 134 But if the nobler souls, as they maintein'd, Were fixed in the body of some starre, Then Edwards murder'd sonnes and Warwickes are In those call'd Delta, of Triangle fashion.
b. In three-phase electrical equipment, the arrangement of the three windings in series in a manner represented by a triangle, each of the three wires of the circuit being connected to a junction of two windings; chiefly used attributively, as delta connection n.
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 582/2 Any three-phase winding may be changed over from the star to the delta connection.
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 592/1 If the three coils are closed upon themselves in a mesh or delta fashion.
1943 Gloss. Terms Electr. Engin. (B.S.I.) 19 Delta connection, a method of connection, in three-phase A.C. working, in which three conductors or windings are so connected that they may be represented diagrammatically by a triangle.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.
delta-deposit n.
ΚΠ
1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. ii. 647 Stratification of delta deposits.
delta-formation n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > sedimentation > [noun] > delta formation
delta-formation1858
deltation1886
1858 A. Geikie Story of Boulder ix. 172 The process of delta-formation remains essentially the same, both in lakes and at the sea.
delta-land n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > delta
delta1790
delta-land1806
delta plain1890
1806 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. IV. 225 The Carse..considered as the finest sort of alluvial or delta land.
C2.
delta connection n. (see above); hence delta-connected adj.
ΚΠ
1964 R. F. Ficchi Electr. Interference x. 201 If it is necessary to establish a neutral with a delta-connected secondary, grounding transformers are used to form a neutral solidly connected to ground.
delta frequency n. the most slowly varying of the ‘brain waves’ recorded by an electroencephalograph, having a frequency of less than about three per second and normally present only during deep sleep.
ΚΠ
1961 Lancet 16 Sept. 631/1 Low-amplitude slow activity much of it of delta frequency, compatible with a delirium.
delta-metal n. an alloy of copper, zinc, and iron introduced about 1883, and named in allusion to its three constituents.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other copper alloys
tombac1602
blanched copper1621
orichalcum1646
cock metal1766
gold bronze1785
bidri1794
tumbaga1860
Aich's metal1861
sterro-metal1865
talmi1868
Abyssinian gold1869
delta-metal1883
Tobin bronze1891
manganin1894
Eureka1914
1883 Engineer 23 Feb. 140 Mr. Alexander Dick [has] succeeded in producing an alloy which he calls ‘Delta metal’.
1884 Times 14 June 8Delta metal’..is an alloy of copper, zinc, and iron..A steam launch..has..been built entirely of this metal [by Mr. A. Dick].
delta plain n. the flat area of a delta.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > land mass > shore or bank > land near river > [noun] > delta
delta1790
delta-land1806
delta plain1890
1890 W. M. Davis in Bull. Geol. Soc. America I. 200 Glacial Sand Plains... A corollary of the rapid growth of the delta plains compared to the retreat of the ice is, that the growth of the delta plains was a local..spasmodic operation.
1903 Amer. Geol. Sept. 163 For such topographic forms professor Davis long since proposed the name of delta-plain or delta-plateau, instead of sand-plain.
delta plateau n. a raised delta plain.
ΚΠ
1892 W. M. Davis in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 25 489 Sand plateaus as deltas, marginal to the decaying ice sheet... The size of the delta would depend on the activity of the feeding stream from the ice, and on..the gravel ridges or eskers so often extending backward from the head of the delta plateau.
1903 Amer. Geol. Sept. 163 For such topographic forms professor Davis long since proposed the name of delta-plain or delta-plateau, instead of sand-plain.
delta-rays n. (also δ-rays,) rays of low penetrating power consisting of slow electrons released by the passage of ionizing particles such as alpha-rays through matter.
ΚΠ
1908 E. Rutherford & H. Geiger in Proc. Royal Soc. A. 81 163 It is well known that the α-particles, in their passage through matter, liberate a large number of slow-velocity electrons, or δ-rays, as they have been termed by J. J. Thomson.
1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) I. 267/2 An appreciable fraction, roughly one-half, of the energy lost by α-rays appears as δ-rays.
delta rhythm n. = delta frequency n.
ΚΠ
1938 Jrnl. Neurol. & Psychiatry 1 383 A similar delta rhythm appears locally when only a part of the cortex is affected.
1943 Electronic Engin. 15 520 A waveform of much lower frequency which is characteristic of a cerebral tumour. The name delta rhythm has been given to this wave which usually has a frequency of 3 c/s or lower.
delta wave n. = delta frequency n.
ΚΠ
1936 W. G. Walter in Lancet 8 Aug. 308/1 It is suggested that..these slow waves from the neighbourhood of tumours be called ‘δ waves’ until their true nature be discovered.
1957 Dorland's Illustr. Med. Dict. (ed. 23) 1540/2 Delta waves, waves in the electroencephalogram which have a frequency of ½ to 3 per second.
1968 Brit. Med. Bull. 24 202/1 The background consists of random slow activity which is symmetrical and there are some delta waves mixed with the alpha rhythm.
delta wing n. a type of triangular swept-back aeroplane wing.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > parts of aircraft > [noun] > plane or aerofoil > wing > types of wing
gull wing1932
shoulder wing1941
delta wing1946
swept wing1947
ogee wing1960
1946 Jrnl. Brit. Interplan. Soc. 6 94 The first effect..can..be reduced but not eliminated by the use of a very low aspect-ratio triangular wing platform (the so-called ‘Delta’ wing).
1951 Engineering 20 Apr. 474/3 Type of..swept-back ‘delta’-wing experimental aircraft.
1970 Flight (Life Science Libr.) 181 The delta wing of the F-106 Delta Dart..combines the advantages of sweepback with those of a thin wing, and is structurally stronger and easier to build than either.
delta-winged adj. descriptive of aircraft with this type of wing.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > [adjective] > having specific type or position of wings
multiplane1897
monoplane1907
all-wing1919
mid-wing1934
delta-winged1950
tilt-wing1953
stub-winged1957
wet wing1961
1950 National Geographic Mag. Sept. 282/2 Among the latest to be tested against Father Time and the laws of aerodynamics is the new Air Force delta-winged plane.
1954 Economist 11 Sept. (Suppl.) 2/1 This year..Gloster Aircraft were able to put five delta-winged Javelins in the air at once.

Draft additions 1993

delta cell n. Histology a cell of the islets of Langerhans which produces the hormone somatostatin.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > biology > substance > cell > types of cells > [noun] > other types of cells
reticular cell1832
torula1833
reserve cell1842
subcell1844
parenchyma cell1857
pedicel cell1858
nettle cell1870
heterocyst1872
prickle cell1872
angioblast1875
palisade cell1875
sextant1875
spindle cell1876
neuroblast1878
body cell1879
plasma cell1882
reticulum cell1882
stem cell1885
Langhans1886
basal cell1889
pole cell1890
myelocyte1891
statocyst1892
mast cell1893
thrombocyte1893
iridocyte1894
precursor1895
nurse cell1896
amacrine1900
statocyte1900
mononuclear1903
oat cell1903
myeloblast1904
trochoblast1904
adipocyte1906
polynuclear1906
fibrocyte1911
akaryote1920
Rouget cell1922
Sternberg–Reed1922
amphicyte1925
monoblast1925
pericyte1925
promyelocyte1925
pituicyte1930
agamete1932
sympathogonia1934
athrocyte1938
progenitor1938
Reed–Sternberg cell1939
submarginal1941
delta cell1942
mastocyte1947
squame1949
podocyte1954
transformed cell1956
transformant1957
spheroplast1958
pinealocyte1961
immunocyte1963
lactotroph1966
mammotroph1966
minicell1967
proheterocyst1970
myofibroblast1971
cybrid1974
1931 W. Bloom in Anatomical Rec. 49 368 I have found three types of granular cells in the islets of Langerhans. One of these is the A type, [etc.]... In some of the D cells, the cytoplasm appears homogeneously blue.]
1942 T. B. Thomas in Anatomical Rec. 82 334 The delta cells contain bright blue granules and range in size from small wedge-shaped cells to large rounded ones similar to the beta cells.
1959 W. Andrew Textbk. Compar. Histol. vii. 305 Birds have been shown to have two types of islets in the pancreas... The second is dark and consists of alpha and delta cells along with transitional forms.
1979 Sci. Amer. Nov. 57/3 The delta cells secrete the hormone somatostatin, which inhibits the secretion of both insulin and glucagon.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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