dependencen.

/dɪˈpɛndəns/

Forms: 1500s -aunce, 1500s–1800s -ance, 1600s– -ence.

Etymology: < French dépendance (15th cent. in Littré, in 14th cent. despendence , Oresme), < dependant : see dependant n. and -ance suffix. Like dependent adj., subsequently assimilated to the Latin type, the form in -ance being rare after 1800.

†1. The action of hanging down; concrete something that hangs down. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [noun] > hanging down

dependence1697

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 Like a large Cluster of black Grapes they show, And make a large dependance from the Bough.

a. The relation of having existence hanging upon, or conditioned by, the existence of something else; the fact of depending upon something else.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > dependence

dependency1597

dependence1605

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > questionable state or quality > [noun] > something uncertain > awaiting settlement > condition of

dependence1605

pendency1637

1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence ii. 27 Woords..that seem to haue dependance on the Latin.

1613 J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 5 Without beginning or dependence of any other cause.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. xi. 45 There was no naturall dependance of the event upon the signe.

1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 196 I dare not suppose there was any dependence between the medicin and disease.

1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will i. iv. 23 The Dependance & Connection between Acts of Volition or Choice, and their Causes.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 199 The chain of dependence which runs throughout creation.

1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic x. 348 That which comes next it in the order of dependence.

†b. Connection of successively dependent parts; logical sequence. Obsolete (or merged in preceding).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > a succession, series, or sequence > logical sequence

dependencea1535

a1535 T. More Wks. (R.) 611 (R.) Hys woordes..be so dark and so intriked of purpose withoute any dependence or order.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 236 The Father next, and as they are in blood the other follow in a just dependance; the rest promiscuously.

1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 849 The discourse..from verse to verse runs all along in a close and continued dependence.

†c. In wider sense: Relation, connection (cf. depend v.¹ 2b). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun]

yokeOE

relationa1398

respecta1398

report1523

society?1545

habitude1561

conjugation1605

necessitudea1626

attinency1632

dependencea1634

belonginga1648

respectiveness1650

nexure1652

synapsis1655

relative1657

rapport1660

proportion1664

schesis1678

relationship1724

appurtenance1846

relationality1866

interosculation1883

tie-up1927

tie-in1934

a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 226 As their [St. Philip and St. Bartholomew] being of that Society of the Twelve hindred them not from being of the great Societie the Church; so their other Dependances, as being of the Church, or being of the seventy, or being married men..hindred them not from being of the Twelve.

3. The relation of anything subordinate to that from which it holds, or derives support, etc.; the condition of a dependant; subjection, subordination. (Opposed to independence.)

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > [noun] > dependency

hangingc1430

dependency1593

dependence1614

unsubsistence1642

leading-string1677

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. vii. §8. 87 Those two great Cities, Athens and Sparta, vpon which all the rest had most dependance.

1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 147 in Justice Vindicated How far the Britanick Churches were from any dependence upon the Church of Rome.

1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 488 A dependance upon the most Brutal of Tyrants.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 101. ⁋4 I lived in all the luxury of affluence without expence or dependence.

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. §4. 101 Dependence being very little else, but an obligation to conform to the will or law of that superior person or state, upon which the inferior depends.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §2. 469 To free the Crown from its dependence on the Parliament.

1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xviii. 172 The other four were equally in the Duke's dependance.

†4.

a. concrete. That which is subordinate to, connected with, or belonging to, something else; an appurtenance, connection, dependency. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > subordinate > as a contributing element

appurtenance1377

appertainance1525

dependence1540

belonging1607

appertinancy1646

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 25 To committe the state of his said mariage, with all the circumstances and dependaunce thereof vnto the prelates.

1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 122 As though eight Legions were to be the dependance of one nauy.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 127 The great riuer Indus..issueth out of a part or dependance of the hill Caucasus.

1794 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 54 Coblentz, a dependence of the electorate of Mentz.

†b. A body of dependants or subordinates; a retinue. (Usually -ance.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > dependant > body of

clientele1570

cliental1581

clientry1594

dependence1606

dependency1615

clientage1633

pensionry1641

clientelage1843

1606 J. Ford Honor Triumphant sig. B2^v Deseruing to be beloued: of whome? of popular opinion or vnstable vulgar dependances?

1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 273 He feasted..two kings, two Queenes, with their dependances, 700. messe of meate scarce seruing for the first dinner.

1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 126 A numerous Family, a great Retinue and Dependance.

1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 31 Encumbred with Dependances, thronged and surrounded with Petitioners.

a. The condition of resting in faith or expectation (upon something); reliance; assured confidence or trust.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > [noun] > reliance

repose1591

dependency1593

reliance1606

reposure1608

reposal1614

dependence1628

1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse ii. 100 Faithfull dependance vpon the prouidence..of God.

1754 tr. A.-L. Morin-Dumesnil Hist. Young Lady of Distinction II. 10 Thoroughly sensible what little dependence I ought to make on my own strength.

1763 E. Carter Mem. (1816) I. 295 The waters, I shall continue drinking, without much dependance of getting better.

1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband II. 205 There was no dependance to be placed in the word of a woman who [etc.].

1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 68 It is the only branch of divination worthy of dependance.

1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 19 Living..in dependence on the will of God.

b. transferred. That on which one relies or may rely; object of reliance or trust; resource. ? Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > [noun] > object of trust

sheet-anchor1524

confidence1535

staya1542

mainstay1604

reposure1682

dependence1753

1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. v. 44 Your honour, your piety, are my just dependence.

1803 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 784 The seamen from the East India fleet were the only or principal dependence for manning the navy.

1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie II. iv. 59 Take the Lord for your dependance.

†c. Reliableness, trustworthiness. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > [noun]

truthOE

trotha1225

truefastnessa1225

trueshipa1225

trueness?c1225

soothnessc1275

faithc1300

good faithc1300

trustc1300

trueheadc1325

traistnessa1340

truthheada1400

faithfulnessc1400

loyaltyc1400

tristiness1408

trustinessc1450

confiance1490

fealty?1515

surety?c1535

loyalness1592

troth-keeping1605

true-heartedness1608

confidence1642

trustworthiness1662

responsibleness1706

dependence1752

reliability1810

trustihood1823

faithworthiness1828

reliableness1841

dependableness1860

dependability1901

1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 22 So little dependance has this affair.

1791 W. Combe Devil upon Two Sticks VI. xix. 176 The philosophy of poets..is not of very sterling dependence.

a. The condition of waiting for settlement; pending, suspense. (Now only in legal use.)

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > condition of being pending

dependence1861

1605 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen 4 Dec. (Jam. Suppl.) That anes the actioune may be put under dependance befoir onie parliament.

1679–1714 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation After a long dependance it might end as the former had done.

1816 P. B. Shelley Let. 3 May (1964) I. 471 Engagements contracted during the dependence of the late negotiation.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Depending Action, an action is held to be in dependence from the moment of the citation, until the final decision of the House of Lords.

1874 Act 37 & 38 Vict. c. 94 §68 Nothing herein contained shall affect any action now in dependence.

†b. A quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’ or awaiting settlement. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > quarrel awaiting settlement

dependence1616

dependency1632

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. v, in Wks. I. 17 The bastinado! A most proper, and sufficient dependance, warranted by the great Caranza. Come hither. You shall chartel him.

1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iv. vii. 22 in Wks. II H' is friend to him, with whom I ha' the dependance.

1820 W. Scott Monastery II. vii. 239 Let us pause for the space of one venue, until I give you my opinion on this dependence. [Note] Dependence—A phrase among the brethren of the sword for an existing quarrel.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dependence
释义	dependencen. /dɪˈpɛndəns/ Forms: 1500s -aunce, 1500s–1800s -ance, 1600s– -ence. Etymology: < French dépendance (15th cent. in Littré, in 14th cent. despendence , Oresme), < dependant : see dependant n. and -ance suffix. Like dependent adj., subsequently assimilated to the Latin type, the form in -ance being rare after 1800. †1. The action of hanging down; concrete something that hangs down. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > support > hanging or suspension > [noun] > hanging down dependence1697 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 146 Like a large Cluster of black Grapes they show, And make a large dependance from the Bough. View more context for this quotation 2. a. The relation of having existence hanging upon, or conditioned by, the existence of something else; the fact of depending upon something else. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > [noun] > dependence dependency1597 dependence1605 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > insecure knowledge, uncertainty > questionable state or quality > [noun] > something uncertain > awaiting settlement > condition of dependence1605 pendency1637 1605 R. Verstegan Restit. Decayed Intelligence ii. 27 Woords..that seem to haue dependance on the Latin. 1613 J. Salkeld Treat. Angels 5 Without beginning or dependence of any other cause. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. xi. 45 There was no naturall dependance of the event upon the signe. View more context for this quotation 1677 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Oxford-shire 196 I dare not suppose there was any dependence between the medicin and disease. 1754 J. Edwards Careful Enq. Freedom of Will i. iv. 23 The Dependance & Connection between Acts of Volition or Choice, and their Causes. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 199 The chain of dependence which runs throughout creation. 1864 F. C. Bowen Treat. Logic x. 348 That which comes next it in the order of dependence. †b. Connection of successively dependent parts; logical sequence. Obsolete (or merged in preceding). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [noun] > a succession, series, or sequence > logical sequence dependencea1535 a1535 T. More Wks. (R.) 611 (R.) Hys woordes..be so dark and so intriked of purpose withoute any dependence or order. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 236 The Father next, and as they are in blood the other follow in a just dependance; the rest promiscuously. 1686 J. Scott Christian Life: Pt. II II. vii. 849 The discourse..from verse to verse runs all along in a close and continued dependence. †c. In wider sense: Relation, connection (cf. depend v.¹ 2b). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > [noun] yokeOE relationa1398 respecta1398 report1523 society?1545 habitude1561 conjugation1605 necessitudea1626 attinency1632 dependencea1634 belonginga1648 respectiveness1650 nexure1652 synapsis1655 relative1657 rapport1660 proportion1664 schesis1678 relationship1724 appurtenance1846 relationality1866 interosculation1883 tie-up1927 tie-in1934 a1634 W. Austin Devotionis Augustinianæ Flamma (1635) 226 As their [St. Philip and St. Bartholomew] being of that Society of the Twelve hindred them not from being of the great Societie the Church; so their other Dependances, as being of the Church, or being of the seventy, or being married men..hindred them not from being of the Twelve. 3. The relation of anything subordinate to that from which it holds, or derives support, etc.; the condition of a dependant; subjection, subordination. (Opposed to independence.) ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > [noun] > dependency hangingc1430 dependency1593 dependence1614 unsubsistence1642 leading-string1677 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iii. vii. §8. 87 Those two great Cities, Athens and Sparta, vpon which all the rest had most dependance. 1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 147 in Justice Vindicated How far the Britanick Churches were from any dependence upon the Church of Rome. 1699 R. Bentley Diss. Epist. Phalaris (new ed.) 488 A dependance upon the most Brutal of Tyrants. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 101. ⁋4 I lived in all the luxury of affluence without expence or dependence. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. Introd. §4. 101 Dependence being very little else, but an obligation to conform to the will or law of that superior person or state, upon which the inferior depends. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §2. 469 To free the Crown from its dependence on the Parliament. 1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xviii. 172 The other four were equally in the Duke's dependance. †4. a. concrete. That which is subordinate to, connected with, or belonging to, something else; an appurtenance, connection, dependency. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > incompleteness > part of whole > [noun] > constituent part or component > subordinate > as a contributing element appurtenance1377 appertainance1525 dependence1540 belonging1607 appertinancy1646 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 25 To committe the state of his said mariage, with all the circumstances and dependaunce thereof vnto the prelates. 1591 H. Savile tr. Tacitus Ende of Nero: Fower Bks. Hist. iii. 122 As though eight Legions were to be the dependance of one nauy. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 127 The great riuer Indus..issueth out of a part or dependance of the hill Caucasus. 1794 Hist. in Ann. Reg. 54 Coblentz, a dependence of the electorate of Mentz. †b. A body of dependants or subordinates; a retinue. (Usually -ance.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > retainer or follower > [noun] > dependant > body of clientele1570 cliental1581 clientry1594 dependence1606 dependency1615 clientage1633 pensionry1641 clientelage1843 1606 J. Ford Honor Triumphant sig. B2^v Deseruing to be beloued: of whome? of popular opinion or vnstable vulgar dependances? 1631 J. Weever Anc. Funerall Monuments 273 He feasted..two kings, two Queenes, with their dependances, 700. messe of meate scarce seruing for the first dinner. 1638 W. Rawley tr. F. Bacon Hist. Nat. & Exper. Life & Death 126 A numerous Family, a great Retinue and Dependance. 1665 R. South Serm. preached before Court 31 Encumbred with Dependances, thronged and surrounded with Petitioners. 5. a. The condition of resting in faith or expectation (upon something); reliance; assured confidence or trust. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > [noun] > reliance repose1591 dependency1593 reliance1606 reposure1608 reposal1614 dependence1628 1628 R. Sanderson Two Serm. Paules-Crosse ii. 100 Faithfull dependance vpon the prouidence..of God. 1754 tr. A.-L. Morin-Dumesnil Hist. Young Lady of Distinction II. 10 Thoroughly sensible what little dependence I ought to make on my own strength. 1763 E. Carter Mem. (1816) I. 295 The waters, I shall continue drinking, without much dependance of getting better. 1801 ‘Gabrielli’ Mysterious Husband II. 205 There was no dependance to be placed in the word of a woman who [etc.]. 1841 E. W. Lane tr. Thousand & One Nights I. 68 It is the only branch of divination worthy of dependance. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 19 Living..in dependence on the will of God. b. transferred. That on which one relies or may rely; object of reliance or trust; resource. ? Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > hope > confident hope, trust > [noun] > object of trust sheet-anchor1524 confidence1535 staya1542 mainstay1604 reposure1682 dependence1753 1753 S. Richardson Hist. Sir Charles Grandison IV. v. 44 Your honour, your piety, are my just dependence. 1803 Duke of Wellington in Marquess Wellesley Select. Despatches (1877) 784 The seamen from the East India fleet were the only or principal dependence for manning the navy. 1827 J. F. Cooper Prairie II. iv. 59 Take the Lord for your dependance. †c. Reliableness, trustworthiness. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > recognition of duty > faithfulness or trustworthiness > [noun] truthOE trotha1225 truefastnessa1225 trueshipa1225 trueness?c1225 soothnessc1275 faithc1300 good faithc1300 trustc1300 trueheadc1325 traistnessa1340 truthheada1400 faithfulnessc1400 loyaltyc1400 tristiness1408 trustinessc1450 confiance1490 fealty?1515 surety?c1535 loyalness1592 troth-keeping1605 true-heartedness1608 confidence1642 trustworthiness1662 responsibleness1706 dependence1752 reliability1810 trustihood1823 faithworthiness1828 reliableness1841 dependableness1860 dependability1901 1752 D. Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 22 So little dependance has this affair. 1791 W. Combe Devil upon Two Sticks VI. xix. 176 The philosophy of poets..is not of very sterling dependence. 6. a. The condition of waiting for settlement; pending, suspense. (Now only in legal use.) ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit > condition of being pending dependence1861 1605 Burgh Rec. Aberdeen 4 Dec. (Jam. Suppl.) That anes the actioune may be put under dependance befoir onie parliament. 1679–1714 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation After a long dependance it might end as the former had done. 1816 P. B. Shelley Let. 3 May (1964) I. 471 Engagements contracted during the dependence of the late negotiation. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Depending Action, an action is held to be in dependence from the moment of the citation, until the final decision of the House of Lords. 1874 Act 37 & 38 Vict. c. 94 §68 Nothing herein contained shall affect any action now in dependence. †b. A quarrel or affair of honour ‘depending’ or awaiting settlement. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] > quarrel awaiting settlement dependence1616 dependency1632 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) i. v, in Wks. I. 17 The bastinado! A most proper, and sufficient dependance, warranted by the great Caranza. Come hither. You shall chartel him. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iv. vii. 22 in Wks. II H' is friend to him, with whom I ha' the dependance. 1820 W. Scott Monastery II. vii. 239 Let us pause for the space of one venue, until I give you my opinion on this dependence. [Note] Dependence—A phrase among the brethren of the sword for an existing quarrel. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1535
随便看	resignatary resignate resignating resignation resignation letter resignation speech resignationism resignationist resignations resigne resigned resigned-looking resignedlooking resignedly resignedness resignednesses resignee resigner resigners resignful resigning resignment resignments resignor resigns