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单词 descending
释义

descendingn.

Brit. /dᵻˈsɛndɪŋ/, U.S. /dəˈsɛndɪŋ/, /diˈsɛndɪŋ/
Forms: see descend v. and -ing suffix1.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: descend v., -ing suffix1.
Etymology: < descend v. + -ing suffix1.
1. The action of descend v. (in various senses).
a. literal. The action of coming or going down; descent. Also: an instance of this.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun]
avalingc1380
descendinga1382
downcominga1398
lowinga1398
descenta1413
descencec1425
descensionc1425
degression1486
downcomea1522
downstroke1551
decourse1585
vailinga1593
nod1597
delapsion1603
delapse1625
down1647
fall1647
a1382 Prefatory Epist. St. Jerome in Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1959) vii. l. 4 Of descendyng of þe folk of hebrew: vnto egipte & vnto þe goyng oute.
a1475 Bk. Quinte Essence (1889) 4 By contynuel ascendynge and descendynge..it [sc. brennynge water] is sublymed to..myche hiȝnes of glorificacioun.
1490 Caxton's Blanchardyn & Eglantine (1962) xviii. 56 At the descendyng of theyr enemyes to lande.
c1550 Sheph. Kal. (1604) Contents xxxv Of the rising and descending of the signes in the horyson.
1572 J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde Pref. 2 Some with..Descendings, Ascendings the partes wasted, etc.
1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 146 A precipice, downe which is no descending.
1674 M. Lister Let. 7 Jan. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1975) X. 425 Ye Aire wch was cold in descending, being heated in its ascent & long passage through ye warme region of ye earth.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 363. ¶20 The Sky's being over-charged with Clouds, the descending of the Rains, the rising of the Seas.
1784 F. Pilon Aerostation i. iii. 20 Mrs. Gram. I meant that such bodies possest more celerity of motion in ascending. Scrip. But you should have said in descending: for instance, sister, is there a Balloon in France or England wou'd take your weight up?
1802 R. Southey tr. S. T. Coleridge Ode Astron. in Port Folio 8 May 144/2 All Ether laugh'd with thy descending.
1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Parallel motion,..the ascending or descending of two or more parts in such a manner as to have constantly the same interval between the corresponding notes in the several parts.
1922 B. L. Taylor So-called Human Race 177 A veteran in his calling [sc. a busman], who had observed the ascending and descending of a myriad matrons.
1997 P. Newham Therapeutic Voicework (1998) i. 57 The descending of the larynx in the neck actually makes the vocal resonating tube longer.
b. In extended uses, and senses relating to generation or inheritance (cf. descend v. I.).
ΚΠ
?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 155 (MED) Þat þe mone haue gode liȝt..in ascendyng [?c1425 Paris wexynge]..in descendyng [?c1425 Paris wansynge].
1465 in A. Clark Lincoln Diocese Documents (1914) 124 (MED) If any of them dye, it remayne to his brother in descendyng.
1586 A. Day Eng. Secretorie xi. 128 As by Nature, beeing descending from parents to their children.
1609 W. Shakespeare Pericles xxi. 117 Didst thou not stay when I did push thee backe, which was when I perceiu'd thee that thou camst from good discending . View more context for this quotation
1658 N. Billingsley Κοσμοβρεϕια: Infancy of World 12 This stately Empress don's her dangling Tresses, And makes no more ado but tricks and dresses Her wanton bosome with delightful flowers, 'Gainst Ioves descending in his silver showers.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. i. xi. 152 The descending and conveyance down of Adams..Dominion to Posterity.
1751 E. Moore Gil Blas iii. 49 And now, Madam, I shan't stay to disturb you. Your mean descending to such a Wretch as this, has taught me to despise you.
1833 Law Jrnl. 11 115/1 The testator must be taken to have contemplated the descending of the whole estate.
1914 M. Johnston Witch xxvii. 353 The friends and kindred at home were used to swift and calm descendings to immobility and profound sleep.
1990 M. Daniel tr. O. Bätschmann N. Poussin ii. viii. 131 The descending of mercy from above to the lame man below.
2.
a. concrete. A downward slope, a declivity. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > land > landscape > high land > slope > [noun] > downward
downhielda1400
descencec1425
descent1485
descending1490
downfall1542
pitch1542
downhill1548
declinea1552
falling1565
stoop1611
declivitya1613
devergence1727
downslope1855
1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos lv. sig. kviiv Atte the descendynge of the hille.
1585 J. B. tr. P. Viret School of Beastes: Good Housholder sig. Biij The first descending..is..croked and with many turninges.
1631 P. Fletcher Sicelides v. i. sig. K3v Dicæus..quietly Steal'd to the rocke from whence shee must be cast. Wonder so heauie guilt should flye so fast! She led her leaders to that deepe descending.
1649 W. Bullock Virginia impartially Examined 2 The Country is..not without pleasant ascendings, and descendings, but not of height to be called Hills.
b. Downward extension. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > vertical extent > extension downwards or depth > [noun]
deepc1000
deepnessc1330
depth1393
descending1571
profunditudec1616
profoundness1693
sidth1831
1571 T. Hill Contempl. Mankinde xvij. f. 49v The heares of the ouerbrowes bended, and thicke, and in the discending ioyned in the cone of the nose.
a1613 E. Brerewood Enq. Langs. & Relig. (1614) xiii. 115 Vitruuius and Palladius in their conduction of waters, require..that, in proceeding of 200 foote forward, there should bee allowed one foote of descending.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. x. 50 The height or eleuation..should answer the descending or depth.

Compounds

descending node n. Astronomy the node of a planet's orbit at which the planet crosses the ecliptic from north to south (cf. descend v. 4b); cf. dragon's tail n. 1a.
ΚΠ
1602 T. Blundeville Theoriques Seven Planets 268 The other is called the descending Node or the taile of the Dragon.
1848 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 56 36 Farther from one another than the astronomical unit are, Iris and Pallas, Flora and Pallas, in their descending nodes.
2006 M. P. Borgia Human Vision & Night Sky vi. 125 A transit occurred with Venus just past the descending node of its orbit.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

descendingadj.

Brit. /dᵻˈsɛndɪŋ/, U.S. /dəˈsɛndɪŋ/, /diˈsɛndɪŋ/
Forms: see descend v. and -ing suffix2.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: descend v., -ing suffix2.
Etymology: < descend v. + -ing suffix2. Compare descendant adj., descendent adj.
1. literal. That descends; moving downwards, coming down. Also in extended use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective]
descendantc1429
downwith1488
downward1552
vailinga1639
down1642
descending1700
dipping1817
downcoming1922
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Wisd. xvii. 4 Þei ben scatered dredinge grisfully: and with ful myche wundring disturbid, ne forsoþe þe den þat heeld þem withoute drede kepte: for descendinge soun [L. sonitus descendens] disturbide þem.
?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 73 (MED) An aposteme is a swellynge wiþoute kynde in þe whiche some fillyng and descendyng mater is gadred togedre.
a1500 Hymnal in R. S. Loomis Medieval Stud. in Memory G. S. Loomis (1927) 456 All owr helth is frome heyvyns hye, Only by grace descendyng and mercye To sauene vs.
1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. C Ile sigh celestiall breath, whose gentle winde, Shall coole the heate of this descending sun. View more context for this quotation
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια viii. xvi. 587 This passage also is recluded or opened to giue way to the descending excrement.
1659 W. S. Macollo's XCIX Canons in Physick 37 The wandering discenting pains.
1700 J. Dryden Cymon in Fables 563 Stout Cymon soon remounts, and cleft in two His Rival's Head with one descending Blow.
1742 E. Young Complaint ii. 688 While rising vapours, and descending shades, With damps and darkness drown the spacious vale.
1799 H. T. Colebrooke in T. E. Colebrooke Life H. Colebrooke (1873) 423 The resin exudes from the descending sap.
1858 D. Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Philos.: Hydrostatics, Pneumatics, & Heat (new ed.) 215 The descending column..falls..in a closed cistern.
1882 Rep. Precious Metals (U.S. Bureau of Mint) 449 The ore is delivered by cars on a tramway, the descending car drawing up the empty one.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xvi. 411 The descending liquid becomes richer in oxygen.
2001 New Scientist 10 Feb. 44/2 There, lying on top of the descending oceanic plate, much of this jumbled avalanche debris will be scraped off again.
2.
a. Directed or extending downwards.
ΚΠ
a1563 V. Leigh Moste Profitable Sci. Surueying (1577) sig. P.iij Now the descending wipped line of the 2. triangles at the endes of ye said square suppose to be 6.
1637 T. Heywood tr. Ovid in Pleasant Dialogues & Dramma's 170 My plumed hat And fether'd sandals, by the which I am knowne, I have left at foot of this descending hill.
1644 J. Evelyn Mem. (1857) I. 101 The piazza..being made with descending steps, much resembles the figure of an escalop-shell.
1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 438 I leaped the moat with this pole, and after I had wandered about the ground, by accident came to the shady enclosure, in which I found the descending stairs from the garden.
1810 R. Southey Curse of Kehama xvi. 175 Descending steps, which in the living stone Were hewn.
1886 Frank Leslie's Sunday Mag. May 402/2 The face of the cliff was cut in terraces, upon which was built a descending wall of fortifications.
1931 Boys' Life Mar. 64/2 The Wasser-Kuppe, where the German glider records were made, is a great hill with a gently descending slope.
1993 New Yorker 18 Oct. 96/1 Behind the descending columns of trunks of trees..is a vast space of now luminous, as-if-new air.
b. Anatomy, Zoology, and Botany. Of a structure or part of a structure: extending downwards (caudad). Opposed to ascending adj. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adjective] > having downward direction > extending downwards
descensive?a1425
descentive1599
descending1615
1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια iii. x. 124 It hath..Arteries from the great Arteries descending trunke.
1737 H. Bracken Farriery Improved x. 156 The ascending or descending Trunk of the Aorta.
1818 E. Stanley Man. Pract. Anat. §2. 29 The descending portion, on the left side..[is denominated] the Descending or Left Lumbar Colon.
1869 D. Oliver First Bk. Indian Bot. i. i. 15 The root being the descending, the stem the ascending portion of the axis.
1902 W. J. Brinckley Physiol. by Lab. Method xiv. 354 The tubule..forms the loop of Henle, and, moving upward in a direction parallel to the descending loop, forms the ascending loop of Henle.
1970 R. H. Mohlenbrock Flowering Plants: Lilies to Orchids 85 Flowers usually pinkish, not producing bulblets, the descending pedicels to 25 mm long.
2008 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 1 Jan. d5/4 It showed a complete blockage of the left anterior descending artery.
c. Typography. Designating a letterform or character that has a tail or stem extending below the baseline of the text. Cf. descender n.2 2, ascending adj. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > printed matter > printed character(s) > [adjective] > others
descending1676
superior1683
inferior1888
serifed1889
serif1904
in-line1923
1676 J. Moxon Regulæ Trium Ordinum 6 The Bottom-line is the line that bounds the bottom of the Descending Letters.
1755 J. Smith Printer's Gram. 39 Sorts..are divided into Long Letters, Short Letters, Ascending Letters, Descending Letters, and Kerned Letters.
1771 P. Luckombe Hist. & Art of Printing 225 He designed to cut the Ascending and Descending Letters to such a length as should shew the extent of their different Bodies.
1841 W. Savage Dict. Art of Printing 248 So that the descending letters project beyond the bottom of the shank.
1889 T. MacKellar Amer. Printer (ed. 17) 61 There are..descending letters in both Roman and Italic.
1922 Inland Printer May 226/2 With Caslon this lane can not be avoided, due to the length of the descending characters.
2008 L. Engelbrecht Mod. Mark Making ii. 22/2 The lowest mark will be the line where the descending letters, such as the minuscules g, p, and q, will reach.
d. Heraldry. Of an animal: having the head turned toward the base of a shield; = descendent adj. 2. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. xi. 230/1 He beareth Gules, an Eagle volant descending.
1729 A. Boyer Grand Théatre de l'Honneur 91/1 A Lion descending (whose Head is towards the Base of the Shield).
3. Chiefly Music. Falling in pitch, stress, or volume.
ΚΠ
1579 Poore Knight his Pallace sig. Hii The prety birde, which you haue fostered longe, Which buylt her neast, within the Iuory tree: Which did delight your eares with sugred song, Though from her kinde, those notes dissending bee.
1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love iv. iii. sig. H4 Why do you not obserue how excellently the Ditty is affected in euery place? that I do not marry a word of short quantity, to a long Note, nor an ascending Sillable to a discending Tone. View more context for this quotation
1746 W. Tans'ur New Musical Gram. 23 All descending sharp'd Notes.
1763 J. Langhorne Effusions Friendship & Fancy II. xiv. 107 Yet is there something plaintive in it, some pathetic softness in the descending melody that seems fitted to express the tender passions.
1845 J. Gwilt Music in Encycl. Metrop. V. 777/1 Superdominant, the sixth of the key in the descending scale.
1884 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. 721/2 The descending series of short notes, called passing notes, which bind together the different limbs of the prolonged breathings or neumes.
1943 B. Robertson Red Hills & Cotton iii. 34 We would bow our heads while in one descending breath he would mutter the grace.
1989 Guitar Player Mar. 56/1 The whole-tone augmented-chord riff that concludes Ex. 13 is played with a descending roll.
4. Deriving from or originating with a particular progenitor, ancestor, or ancestral stock; (of an ancestral line) that may be traced down; = descendant adj. 1.Frequently in descending line.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [adjective]
descendantc1429
branchedc1475
originala1500
descended1565
descending1594
originary1594
exact1596
prognatec1600
1594 W. Clerke Triall of Bastardie vi. 52 The descending line from me to my sonne, nephew, his sonne, downwards.
1685 R. Brady Compl. Hist. Eng. 164 In Fuedal Succession the Eldest Son succeeds in the whole, and so it descends to the next of the Blood, and never ascends when there is any of the descending Line remaining.
1725 Earl of Dundonald Petition 7 The Successors of the descending Heirs Male.
1785 W. Cowper Task v. 211 In the line Of his descending progeny.
1845 C. Herbert tr. Grotius Introd. Dutch Jurispr. i. v. 22 Marriages between blood relatives in the ascending or descending line are prohibited ad infinitum.
1890 J. H. Merrill Amer. & Eng. Encycl. Law XI. 872/1 Mr. Redfield..is of opinion that most testators employ the term issue in the sense of descending heirs.
1911 N.Y. Med. Jrnl. 16 Sept. 586/2 As far as my patient is concerned syphilis can be positively excluded, as I know her and her whole ascending and descending family for years.
1972 Viator 3 436 The study of ascending and descending family trees..is not a popular subject today.
2007 Anthropol. Today 23 5/2 If the genetic evaluation of the descending line is satisfactory, the bull is accepted as a ‘breed improver’ and its semen is marketed.
2015 R. Zimmermann in K. G. C. Reid et al. Intestate Succession viii. 187 Persons in the directly descending line exclude all other relatives.
5.
a. Proceeding to something which is lower in position or value, or later in order. Cf. descend v. 5.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > succession or following in time > [adjective] > succeeding or subsequent
followingOE
afterOE
nextOE
suinga1325
suant1422
succedentc1450
after-comingc1454
secondary1471
subsequent1472
succeeding1561
supervenient1565
subsequent1568
consequent1581
proceeding1592
ensuing1604
subsecutive1611
sequenta1616
insequentc1620
postliminious1625
sequel1632
postnate1638
supervening1640
descending1642
forward1643
postventional1645
yondersa1650
succrescent1653
pedissequous1657
subsequential1657
assequent1659
post-nated1659
posthume1662
posterious1672
survenient1677
succedent1688
postliminous1714
first1746
sequelled1805
postliminary1826
thereafter1830
descensive1882
akoluthic1889
1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy 41 Schisms and Heresies..should multiply in descending ages.
1776 A. Bicknell Hist. Edward Prince of Wales 134 In descending times greater expence and magnificence became the practice of the order.
1822 P. B. Shelley Hellas 19 To stem the torrent of descending time.
1874 J. Morley On Compromise 23 The establishment..of an ascending and descending order among the facts.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 808/2 In the woollen trade short-staple wool is separated into qualities, known, in descending series.., as picklock, prime, choice, super, head, [etc.].
1959 J. H. Taylor Personnel Admin. vii. 146 The descending line of authority should have a systematic basis for consideration of merit increases.
2001 D. Feuer in Granta Summer 178 A shidduch was an arranged marriage that was brokered by a professional matchmaker who rated the community's eligible marriage partners in descending order of their eligibility.
b. Mathematics. Of a series or sequence: proceeding from higher to lower quantities; proceeding from higher to lower mathematical entities according to a given ordering.E.g. the sequence 8, 4, 2, 1, ½, etc., is descending.
ΚΠ
1685 J. Hawkins Cocker's Decimal Arithm. 265 In a series, or rank of Geometrical proportionals continued, proceeding from Unity, or one, whether they be ascending, or descending, all the Numbers or Terms except the first..are called Cossick Numbers.
a1727 I. Newton Method of Fluxions (1736) 205 If we would also derive a descending Series for this Equation, we may apply the Ruler to the External Parallelograms.
1864 J. H. Sangster Elements Algebra xi. 206 When the common ratio of a geometrical series is a proper fraction, the series is a descending one.
1961 Amer. Math. Soc. Transl. 17 143 The group..has a descending series of normal subgroups.
2012 B. Polster & M. Ross Math Goes to Movies xvi. 190 We would have an infinite, descending sequence of natural numbers, and that's impossible!

Compounds

descending diphthong n. Phonetics a falling diphthong; see note at diphthong n. a.
ΚΠ
1894 Mod. Lang. Notes 9 494/1 In Old Norse the opposite development took place and descending diphthongs became ascending.
1949 Hispanic Rev. 17 163 Old Spanish did not know on any appreciable scale the use of either ascending or descending diphthongs in unstressed syllables.
1997 W. C. Hannas Asia's Orthogr. Dilemma 196 Shanghainese entire lacks these descending diphthongs and triphthongs.
descending rhythm n. Prosody a poetic metre consisting of feet in which long (or accented) syllables are followed by short (or unaccented) syllables, as trochees, dactyls, etc.
ΚΠ
1845 L. Schmitz tr. K. G. Zumpt Gram. Lat. Lang. 552 The first species, in which the Arsis forms the beginning, is called the descending Rhythm; the other, in which the Thesis forms the beginning, the ascending.
1904 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 25 222 There is no antithesis between ascending and descending rhythms.
1999 A. Lahiri et al. in H. van der Hulst Word Prosodic Syst. Lang. Europe vi. 396 Although phrasal stress for Latin is not often discussed, it seems to have been a strong initial stress and a descending rhythm.

Derivatives

deˈscendingly adv.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adverb]
adowneOE
downOE
adownwardOE
downwardc1175
pronewise1585
descendingly1614
downwardly1662
1614 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Bethulians Rescue iv, in Parl. Vertues Royal 156 Two twinkling Sparks, Two sprightfull Ietty Eyes..'Twixt these Two Suns, down from this liberal Front, Descendingly ascends a pretie Mount.
1655 Duchess of Newcastle Philos. & Physical Opinions iii. cxxxviii. 94 It is proper for water to move descendingly.
1882 R. A. Proctor in Knowledge 24 Mar. 449 The Feast of Tabernacles was..ruled by the passage of the sun over the equator descendingly.
2010 J. Havil Gamma xiv. 149 Order them descendingly by size and plot order against diameter.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.a1382adj.a1382
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