altern.

Brit.

/ˈɔːltə/,

/ˈɒltə/,

/ˈaltə/, U.S.

/ˈɔltər/,

/ˈɑltər/

Forms: also occasionally with capital initial.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin alter , alter ego n.

Etymology: < classical Latin alter another < the same Italic base as Oscan alttram < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin alius other (see alien adj.), ancient Greek ἄλλος other (see allo- comb. form) + an Indo-European comparative suffix (see discussion at other adj.). In sense 2 probably short for alter ego n.

1. Psychology. The objects of the world, and one's experience of it, viewed as distinct from and interacting with the self; a person or thing regarded as existing outside the self. Cf. ego n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > turning outwards > [noun] > person or object distinct from self

altera1834

a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 434 Each man in a numerous society is not only coexistent with, but virtually organized into, the multitude of which he is an integral part. His idem is modified by the alter.

1897 J. M. Baldwin Social & Ethical Interpr. i. 11 All the things I hope to learn..are now, before I acquire them, possible elements of my thought of others, of the social alter, or of what considered generally we may call the ‘socius’.

1909 W. M. Urban Valuation ix. 267 The dramatic tendency in the characterisation of the self and the alter.

1934 H. C. Warren Dict. Psychol. 10/2 Alter, the individual's conception of other beings as distinct from himself.

1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory x. 336 Ego may try to control the ‘situation’ in which alter is placed, or try to control alter's ‘intentions’.

2005 J. W. Brown Process & Authentic Life ix. 253 The individual other is the alter of the compassionate self, and one does for the other as one would do for the self.

2. Psychiatry. Each of one or more distinct subsidiary personalities (as distinguished from the original or primary personality) exhibited by a person suffering from multiple personality disorder. Also more fully alter personality. Cf. alter ego n., multiple personality n.

ΚΠ

1972 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 26 298/2 What functions do these alter personalities serve for the individual and what conditions generally predict their spontaneous appearance?

1989 Raritan Summer 70 The life experience of each alter is formed primarily by the episodes when she or he is in control.

1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 22 Jan. d3/4 The alter committed the offense without the awareness of any other alter or the host personality.

2008 Chicago Tribune 21 Apr. (Midwest Final ed.) i. 9/2 In ‘Frankie and Alice’, she'll play a woman suffering from multiple personality disorder, including..‘a racist Caucasian alter-personality that preys upon her mind’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

alterv.

Brit.

/ˈɔːltə/,

/ˈɒltə/, U.S.

/ˈɔltər/,

/ˈɑltər/

Forms: Middle English–1600s altre, Middle English– alter, 1500s alttre, 1500s–1600s altar, 1600s alterre, 1600s altter, 1800s alther (Irish English), 1800s olter (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 alterre, pre-1700 altir, pre-1700 altr- (inflected form), pre-1700 altyr, pre-1700 1700s– alter.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French alterer; Latin alterare.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French alterer (French altérer ) to change or modify (a person or thing) (c1370; 1680 used reflexively; the intransitive use in sense 2 is apparently unparalleled in French), to affect (a person) mentally, to disturb (a person) (first half of the 15th cent., earliest in past participle alteré ) and its etymon post-classical Latin alterare to change (5th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin alter other (see alter n.). Compare Old Occitan alterar (14th cent., earliest in sense ‘to deteriorate’), Spanish alterar (a1400), Portuguese alterar (15th cent.), Italian alterare (a1294). Compare later alterate v.

a. transitive. To make (a person or thing) otherwise or different in some respect; to modify, to change the appearance of. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)]

wharvec897

wendOE

i-wendeOE

awendOE

aturn?c1225

biwrixle?c1225

changec1225

turnc1225

shifta1325

vary1340

inchangea1382

strange1390

altera1398

alterate?a1425

permute?a1425

difference1481

renewc1515

alienate1534

wrixlec1540

to chop and change1557

variate1566

palter1587

permutate1598

immute1613

unmake1616

unsame1632

chop1644

veer1647

variegatea1690

refract1700

mutabilatea1704

commute1825

stranger1863

switch1919

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. x. 473 Þe ouere bodyes of heuene alteriþ and chaungiþ þese neþir þingis.

a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1778 Loue..altered his spirit so with-Inne.

c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxiii. 96 Jt..alteris thair complexioun.

1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Biii ^v [The body] anone begynneth to putrefye..The ayre dothe alter it.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 216 No power in Venice can altar a decree established.

1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 14 The English-Saxon conquerors altred the tongue.

1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 301 Several of the Irish forces that intended at first to goe for France, have alter'd their minds.

1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 25 I am obliged to alter my Design.

1776 Emma; or, Child of Sorrow I. xix. 122 Oh, Emma, Emma! how has a few hours grief altered you.

1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 373 The heat which alters the strata.

1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 164 Fashion in shoes..was quite altered after the Crusades.

1933 Discovery July 218/2 The growing popularity of the living-room as the central dominant feature of the modern dwelling..has completely altered the design of the house.

1966 H. Moore On Sculpt. 130 As you make a thing bigger or smaller, you alter to keep true to the mental vision you've had of it.

2003 A. Swofford Jarhead 47 I..performed calisthenics the rest of the day.., the first sergeant sauntering out every fifteen minutes to alter my punishment from push-ups to sit-ups to cherry pickers and back.

b. transitive. To modify the style, tailoring, or size of (an item of clothing).

ΚΠ

1613 S. Rowlands Knaue of Harts (rev. ed.) sig. F3^v I haue beene at the Tailers for your Gowne: Your hat cannot be alter'd in the crowne.

1668 F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue II. xii. 109 The Mechanicks wive and Kitchen maids gowns came trowling in to be new altered, for out of the fashion, out of the world.

1726 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 124 To alter my white tabby and my new clothes.

1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. lxii. 372 She doubted not that she could procure her, or one of her journey-women, to alter the gown out of hand.

1831 Times 19 Dec. 6/5 I recommended a tailor..to alter a sable coat of Mr. Wellesley's.

1880 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Daily Northwestern 30 Apr. Mrs. Rogers swore positively that she had never altered the dress nor had it altered by any one else.

1929 Deming (New Mexico) Headlight 31 May Unless they [sc. winter outfits] are being fast outgrown it is a good idea to put them aside.., rather than to alter them for hot weather.

1986 O. Clark Diary 10 Nov. (1998) 202 So I took a delicious bath and put the video and telly back and settled down to altering the neckband on Pam's blue velvet dress.

2000 Marie Claire (Johannesburg) Feb. 25/1 I began to alter my traditional Mao-suit clothes, shortening the sleeves so my arms showed and tapering the body for a womanly silhouette.

c. transitive. North American and Australian. To geld or spay (an animal).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > castrate

geldc1225

lib1396

stone1584

caponize1654

alter1821

twitchel1826

doctor1834

neuter1903

fix1930

capon-

1821 T. B. Hazard Diary (1930) 555/2 Worner Knowles oltered my four Boar Piggs.

1895 Australasian Pastoralists' Rev. 15 Aug. 295 For this reason bulls were rarely altered (castrated) till they were four or five years old.

1904 Hawaiian Gaz. 2 Sept. 3/4 168 inferior studs were found and altered.

1984 A. Russell Mem. Mountain Man (1988) ii. 17 I learned the technique from a master, and have altered uncounted young bulls (and studs) with very little trouble.

1992 M. M. Collier Siamese Cats 18/2 Unless they are to be bred, the young Siamese should be altered soon after puberty.

2. intransitive. To become different in some respect, to change.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)]

wendeOE

braidOE

change?c1225

turnc1300

remue1340

varyc1369

flitc1386

strange1390

alter?a1425

degenerate1548

variate1605

commutatea1652

veer1670

mutate1818

reschedule1887

switch1906

to change up1920

?a1425 [implied in: tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 23^v Sich þingez þat in alteryng defendeþ þe membrz of receyuyng of superfluiteez. (at altering n.)].

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. viii. l. 99 Scho gan behald..the hallowyt watir cald Changyt and altyr.

a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 316 The son alterit contrar natur.

1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxiv. 276 A Womans Loue doth alter as the winde.

1611 Bible (King James) Dan. vi. 12 The law of the Medes and Persians which altereth not.

1616 Greenes Mourning Garment To Rdr. sig. A4^v Such as alter in a moment, win not credit in a moneth.

1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 132 My very Desires alter'd, my Affections chang'd their Gusts.

1738 M. Jones Let. 28 Nov. in Misc. in Prose & Verse (1750) 373 Fashions will alter, and Pink and Silver be the Mode again.

1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 66 The whole..manner of looking at things alters with every age.

1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. i. 30 Both insects and flowers are continually altering in their structure.

1919 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Consequences x. 118 I must say one's ideas alter a bit as one goes on through life, and I've had some talks with the pater lately.

1951 S. Spender World within World 36 After the room-breaking episode the attitude of my fellow freshmen towards me altered.

1993 J. Green It: Sex since Sixties 420 My perceptions alter when I'm at ease.

†3. transitive. To affect mentally; to disturb. Usually in passive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)]

rineOE

afaite?c1225

stir?c1225

movea1325

amovec1380

inspire1390

commove1393

informa1398

toucha1400

embracec1430

rore1481

alter1529

to carry away?1529

raise1533

removea1540

heavec1540

affect?1548

carry1570

inmove1583

infecta1586

worka1616

unthaw1699

emove1835

emotionize1855

emotion1875

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

1529 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 12 Sept. (1933) 41 His H[ighness] semed to me somwhat altred and moved.

1542 King Henry VIII Declar. Causes Warre Scottis sig. Aiiij^v We..suffered our selfe to be somewhat altred by his wordes and fayre promyses.

?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 96 Then began the bitter Fate of Jove To alter us unhappy.

1644 in J. Milton Areopagitica 1 I suppose them as at the beginning of no meane endeavour, not a little alter'd and mov'd inwardly in their mindes.

†4. intransitive. Medicine. To administer or use an alterative medicine. Also transitive: to treat with such a medicine. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > administer drugs [verb (intransitive)] > administer alterative medicines

alter1656

1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 331 Afterwards we must purge, alter, and that often.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xix. 764 Some practitioners..always alter and never Purge.

1741 tr. H. D. Gaubius Compl. Extemporaneous Dispensatory 186 When this form is intended to alter or purge the whole habit, the use of it is continued for several days.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	alter
释义	altern. Brit. /ˈɔːltə/, /ˈɒltə/, /ˈaltə/, U.S. /ˈɔltər/, /ˈɑltər/ Forms: also occasionally with capital initial. Origin: A borrowing from Latin, combined with an English element. Etymons: Latin alter , alter ego n. Etymology: < classical Latin alter another < the same Italic base as Oscan alttram < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin alius other (see alien adj.), ancient Greek ἄλλος other (see allo- comb. form) + an Indo-European comparative suffix (see discussion at other adj.). In sense 2 probably short for alter ego n. 1. Psychology. The objects of the world, and one's experience of it, viewed as distinct from and interacting with the self; a person or thing regarded as existing outside the self. Cf. ego n. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > theory of psychoanalysis > libido > transfer of feelings > turning outwards > [noun] > person or object distinct from self altera1834 a1834 S. T. Coleridge Lit. Remains (1838) III. 434 Each man in a numerous society is not only coexistent with, but virtually organized into, the multitude of which he is an integral part. His idem is modified by the alter. 1897 J. M. Baldwin Social & Ethical Interpr. i. 11 All the things I hope to learn..are now, before I acquire them, possible elements of my thought of others, of the social alter, or of what considered generally we may call the ‘socius’. 1909 W. M. Urban Valuation ix. 267 The dramatic tendency in the characterisation of the self and the alter. 1934 H. C. Warren Dict. Psychol. 10/2 Alter, the individual's conception of other beings as distinct from himself. 1977 A. Giddens Stud. in Social & Polit. Theory x. 336 Ego may try to control the ‘situation’ in which alter is placed, or try to control alter's ‘intentions’. 2005 J. W. Brown Process & Authentic Life ix. 253 The individual other is the alter of the compassionate self, and one does for the other as one would do for the self. 2. Psychiatry. Each of one or more distinct subsidiary personalities (as distinguished from the original or primary personality) exhibited by a person suffering from multiple personality disorder. Also more fully alter personality. Cf. alter ego n., multiple personality n. ΚΠ 1972 Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 26 298/2 What functions do these alter personalities serve for the individual and what conditions generally predict their spontaneous appearance? 1989 Raritan Summer 70 The life experience of each alter is formed primarily by the episodes when she or he is in control. 1993 Albuquerque (New Mexico) Jrnl. 22 Jan. d3/4 The alter committed the offense without the awareness of any other alter or the host personality. 2008 Chicago Tribune 21 Apr. (Midwest Final ed.) i. 9/2 In ‘Frankie and Alice’, she'll play a woman suffering from multiple personality disorder, including..‘a racist Caucasian alter-personality that preys upon her mind’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). alterv. Brit. /ˈɔːltə/, /ˈɒltə/, U.S. /ˈɔltər/, /ˈɑltər/ Forms: Middle English–1600s altre, Middle English– alter, 1500s alttre, 1500s–1600s altar, 1600s alterre, 1600s altter, 1800s alther (Irish English), 1800s olter (U.S. regional); Scottish pre-1700 alterre, pre-1700 altir, pre-1700 altr- (inflected form), pre-1700 altyr, pre-1700 1700s– alter. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French alterer; Latin alterare. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French alterer (French altérer ) to change or modify (a person or thing) (c1370; 1680 used reflexively; the intransitive use in sense 2 is apparently unparalleled in French), to affect (a person) mentally, to disturb (a person) (first half of the 15th cent., earliest in past participle alteré ) and its etymon post-classical Latin alterare to change (5th cent.; frequently from 12th cent. in British sources) < classical Latin alter other (see alter n.). Compare Old Occitan alterar (14th cent., earliest in sense ‘to deteriorate’), Spanish alterar (a1400), Portuguese alterar (15th cent.), Italian alterare (a1294). Compare later alterate v. 1. a. transitive. To make (a person or thing) otherwise or different in some respect; to modify, to change the appearance of. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)] wharvec897 wendOE i-wendeOE awendOE aturn?c1225 biwrixle?c1225 changec1225 turnc1225 shifta1325 vary1340 inchangea1382 strange1390 altera1398 alterate?a1425 permute?a1425 difference1481 renewc1515 alienate1534 wrixlec1540 to chop and change1557 variate1566 palter1587 permutate1598 immute1613 unmake1616 unsame1632 chop1644 veer1647 variegatea1690 refract1700 mutabilatea1704 commute1825 stranger1863 switch1919 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) I. viii. x. 473 Þe ouere bodyes of heuene alteriþ and chaungiþ þese neþir þingis. a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iii. l. 1778 Loue..altered his spirit so with-Inne. c1485 ( G. Hay Bk. Gouernaunce of Princis (1993) xxiii. 96 Jt..alteris thair complexioun. 1509 J. Fisher Mornynge Remembraunce Countesse of Rychemonde (de Worde) sig. Biii ^v [The body] anone begynneth to putrefye..The ayre dothe alter it. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 216 No power in Venice can altar a decree established. View more context for this quotation 1605 W. Camden Remaines i. 14 The English-Saxon conquerors altred the tongue. 1691 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) II. 301 Several of the Irish forces that intended at first to goe for France, have alter'd their minds. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 25 I am obliged to alter my Design. 1776 Emma; or, Child of Sorrow I. xix. 122 Oh, Emma, Emma! how has a few hours grief altered you. 1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 373 The heat which alters the strata. 1872 J. Yeats Techn. Hist. Commerce 164 Fashion in shoes..was quite altered after the Crusades. 1933 Discovery July 218/2 The growing popularity of the living-room as the central dominant feature of the modern dwelling..has completely altered the design of the house. 1966 H. Moore On Sculpt. 130 As you make a thing bigger or smaller, you alter to keep true to the mental vision you've had of it. 2003 A. Swofford Jarhead 47 I..performed calisthenics the rest of the day.., the first sergeant sauntering out every fifteen minutes to alter my punishment from push-ups to sit-ups to cherry pickers and back. b. transitive. To modify the style, tailoring, or size of (an item of clothing). ΚΠ 1613 S. Rowlands Knaue of Harts (rev. ed.) sig. F3^v I haue beene at the Tailers for your Gowne: Your hat cannot be alter'd in the crowne. 1668 F. Kirkman Eng. Rogue II. xii. 109 The Mechanicks wive and Kitchen maids gowns came trowling in to be new altered, for out of the fashion, out of the world. 1726 M. Delany Autobiogr. & Corr. (1861) I. 124 To alter my white tabby and my new clothes. 1748 S. Richardson Clarissa V. lxii. 372 She doubted not that she could procure her, or one of her journey-women, to alter the gown out of hand. 1831 Times 19 Dec. 6/5 I recommended a tailor..to alter a sable coat of Mr. Wellesley's. 1880 Oshkosh (Wisconsin) Daily Northwestern 30 Apr. Mrs. Rogers swore positively that she had never altered the dress nor had it altered by any one else. 1929 Deming (New Mexico) Headlight 31 May Unless they [sc. winter outfits] are being fast outgrown it is a good idea to put them aside.., rather than to alter them for hot weather. 1986 O. Clark Diary 10 Nov. (1998) 202 So I took a delicious bath and put the video and telly back and settled down to altering the neckband on Pam's blue velvet dress. 2000 Marie Claire (Johannesburg) Feb. 25/1 I began to alter my traditional Mao-suit clothes, shortening the sleeves so my arms showed and tapering the body for a womanly silhouette. c. transitive. North American and Australian. To geld or spay (an animal). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > [verb (transitive)] > castrate geldc1225 lib1396 stone1584 caponize1654 alter1821 twitchel1826 doctor1834 neuter1903 fix1930 capon- 1821 T. B. Hazard Diary (1930) 555/2 Worner Knowles oltered my four Boar Piggs. 1895 Australasian Pastoralists' Rev. 15 Aug. 295 For this reason bulls were rarely altered (castrated) till they were four or five years old. 1904 Hawaiian Gaz. 2 Sept. 3/4 168 inferior studs were found and altered. 1984 A. Russell Mem. Mountain Man (1988) ii. 17 I learned the technique from a master, and have altered uncounted young bulls (and studs) with very little trouble. 1992 M. M. Collier Siamese Cats 18/2 Unless they are to be bred, the young Siamese should be altered soon after puberty. 2. intransitive. To become different in some respect, to change. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] wendeOE braidOE change?c1225 turnc1300 remue1340 varyc1369 flitc1386 strange1390 alter?a1425 degenerate1548 variate1605 commutatea1652 veer1670 mutate1818 reschedule1887 switch1906 to change up1920 ?a1425 [implied in: tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 23^v Sich þingez þat in alteryng defendeþ þe membrz of receyuyng of superfluiteez. (at altering n.)]. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1957) iv. viii. l. 99 Scho gan behald..the hallowyt watir cald Changyt and altyr. a1525 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1923) I. 316 The son alterit contrar natur. 1596 W. Warner Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) xi. lxiv. 276 A Womans Loue doth alter as the winde. 1611 Bible (King James) Dan. vi. 12 The law of the Medes and Persians which altereth not. View more context for this quotation 1616 Greenes Mourning Garment To Rdr. sig. A4^v Such as alter in a moment, win not credit in a moneth. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 132 My very Desires alter'd, my Affections chang'd their Gusts. 1738 M. Jones Let. 28 Nov. in Misc. in Prose & Verse (1750) 373 Fashions will alter, and Pink and Silver be the Mode again. 1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 66 The whole..manner of looking at things alters with every age. 1879 J. Lubbock Sci. Lect. i. 30 Both insects and flowers are continually altering in their structure. 1919 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Consequences x. 118 I must say one's ideas alter a bit as one goes on through life, and I've had some talks with the pater lately. 1951 S. Spender World within World 36 After the room-breaking episode the attitude of my fellow freshmen towards me altered. 1993 J. Green It: Sex since Sixties 420 My perceptions alter when I'm at ease. †3. transitive. To affect mentally; to disturb. Usually in passive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > quality of affecting the emotions > affect with emotion [verb (transitive)] rineOE afaite?c1225 stir?c1225 movea1325 amovec1380 inspire1390 commove1393 informa1398 toucha1400 embracec1430 rore1481 alter1529 to carry away?1529 raise1533 removea1540 heavec1540 affect?1548 carry1570 inmove1583 infecta1586 worka1616 unthaw1699 emove1835 emotionize1855 emotion1875 the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 1529 Bp. S. Gardiner Let. 12 Sept. (1933) 41 His H[ighness] semed to me somwhat altred and moved. 1542 King Henry VIII Declar. Causes Warre Scottis sig. Aiiij^v We..suffered our selfe to be somewhat altred by his wordes and fayre promyses. ?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) ix. 96 Then began the bitter Fate of Jove To alter us unhappy. 1644 in J. Milton Areopagitica 1 I suppose them as at the beginning of no meane endeavour, not a little alter'd and mov'd inwardly in their mindes. †4. intransitive. Medicine. To administer or use an alterative medicine. Also transitive: to treat with such a medicine. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > administer drugs [verb (intransitive)] > administer alterative medicines alter1656 1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 331 Afterwards we must purge, alter, and that often. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician xix. 764 Some practitioners..always alter and never Purge. 1741 tr. H. D. Gaubius Compl. Extemporaneous Dispensatory 186 When this form is intended to alter or purge the whole habit, the use of it is continued for several days. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.a1834v.a1398
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