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单词 design
释义

designn.

Brit. /dᵻˈzʌɪn/, U.S. /dəˈzaɪn/, /diˈzaɪn/
Forms: 1500s–1600s deseigne, 1500s–1600s designe, 1500s–1600s desseigne, 1500s–1600s dessein, 1500s–1600s desseine, 1500s–1600s disseigne, 1500s–1600s dissein, 1500s–1600s disseine, 1500s–1600s dissigne, 1500s–1700s deseign, 1600s desseign, 1600s desseing, 1600s dessigne, 1600s desyine, 1600s desyne, 1600s disseene, 1600s dissinge, 1600s– design, 1700s desine; Scottish pre-1700 deseing, pre-1700 deseynes (plural), pre-1700 desinct, pre-1700 desine, pre-1700 desing, pre-1700 dessein, pre-1700 desseine, pre-1700 desseing, pre-1700 desseyn, pre-1700 desseynge, pre-1700 desyne, pre-1700 disseignes (plural), pre-1700 dissein, pre-1700 dissinge, pre-1700 1700s– design.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French desain, dessein.
Etymology: < Middle French desain, desaing, desseign, Middle French, French †desing, †desseing, †dessing (French dessein and dessin , with semantic differentiation: see below) drawing, sketch (1529 as desseing ), plan, project (1548 as desain : see below), ground plan (1549 as desing ) < desseigner , dessiner , designer design v., but influenced semantically by Italian disegno (also †dissegno , †designo ) preliminary sketch for a literary work (a1400 with reference to a literary work, a1444 with reference to drawing), art or process of drawing or sketching (14th or 15th cent.), project, intention (a1471), graphic representation (a1519; < disegnare design v.). The English standard form shows remodelling after design v.The formal differentiation of French dessein (in senses corresponding to branch I.) vs. dessin (in senses corresponding to branch II.) was not complete until the end of the 18th cent.; the Academy dictionary of 1798 was the first dictionary to make this distinction consistently. For a detailed discussion of the orthographic history of both French words, see N. Catach et al. (1995) Dict. hist. de l'orthographe française (at cited words). Some older etymological dictionaries of French give a 15th-cent. dating for the sense ‘plan, project’ of the French word. This date is spurious, as the text from which the alleged occurrence is taken, the Chronique des chanoines de Neufchâtel, is an 18th-cent. forgery. Compare Spanish diseño (1589; 1511 as †designo).
I. A plan conceived in the mind, and related senses.
1. A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and intended for subsequent execution; the preliminary conception of an idea that is to be carried into effect by action; a project.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan
redeeOE
devicec1290
casta1300
went1303
ordinancec1385
intentc1386
imaginationa1393
drifta1535
draught1535
forecast1535
platform1547
ground-plat?a1560
table1560
convoy1565
design1565
plat1574
ground-plota1586
plot1587
reach1587
theory1593
game1595
projectment1611
projecting1616
navation1628
approach1633
view1634
plan1635
systema1648
sophism1657
manage1667
brouillon1678
speculationa1684
sketch1697
to take measures1698
method1704
scheme1704
lines1760
outline1760
measure1767
restorative1821
ground plan1834
strategy1834
programme1837
ticket1842
project1849
outline plan1850
layout1867
draft1879
dart1882
lurk1916
schema1939
lick1955
1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 369 Thinking with that clok [of religion] to covir thair uther ungodlie disseignes.
1572 I. B. Let. Peopling & Inhabiting Ardes Cj.v I will open to you some what of my designe, and the reasons haue persuaded me therto.
1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 61 The Emperour vndertaketh no high designe without his [sc. the Grand Signior's] approuement.
1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew ii. sig. E2 I..over-heard you in your queint designe, to new create your selves.
1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) ii. 1 Why do the Jews and Gentiles join To execute a vain Design?
1829 R. Southey Inscriptions Caledonian Canal ii, in A. Cunningham Anniversary 196 What inexhaustive springs of public wealth The vast design required.
1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xv. 293 The adaptability of his people to the execution of his design.
1907 Catholic Encycl. II. 440/2 It was no part of St. Benedict's design that his spiritual descendants should make a figure in the world as..pioneers of civilization, as revivers of agriculture, [etc.].
1975 B. Reardon Liberalism & Trad. ix. 200 Gratry's ambitious design of a completed system of Christian philosophy was never quite accomplished.
2000 S. Cameron Dominican Republic Handbk. (Footprint) 171 Any remaining old buildings were torn down by Balaguer..as part of his grand design to make the Samaná Peninsula into a huge tourist resort.
2.
a. Chiefly with on, upon. A plan to attack someone or something; an inclination or plot to gain possession of something, esp. in a cunning or devious manner; (also) in extended use: such a plot or inclination to attract or win a person's love. Now chiefly in plural. Frequently in to have designs on.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot
devicec1290
wanlace1303
conjecturea1464
machinationa1475
practice1533
draught1535
plot?c1550
plat1584
design1590
contrivement1608
intrigo1648
complotment1660
underplot1668
contrivance1689
intrigue1692
scheme1719
infanglement1753
fix-up1832
1590 tr. Coppie of Anti-Spaniard 23 Who..contriued all his desseines vppon the ruine and ouerthrowe of our poore France?
1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Late Warres xiv. 422 Crequi..suspecting that the Spaniards designes might bee upon Rossegnano, Moncalvo, and Pontestura.
1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. (Laslett ed.) II. §16 A sedate setled Design, upon another Mans Life.
1705 C. Cibber Careless Husband ii. i. 13 To be in Love now is only having a Design upon a Woman, a modish way of declaring War against her Virtue.
1777 E. Pendleton Let. 13 Sept. in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 223 The Governor and Council or General must have received some Intelligence of the Enemy's designs upon that quarter, or they would not have carried the Northward men so far South.
1859 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? (1st Edinb. ed.) I. i. i. 5 He..had..no designs on your pocket.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 579/2 The emperor..suspected Peter of harbouring murderous designs against his son.
1981 M. Moorcock Byzantium Endures v. 113 Esmé clutched my arm so tightly..that I began to suspect she had designs on me.
2002 D. Levitas Terrorist Next Door xxxiv. 244 They have designs on my farm, my neighbour's farm. They have designs on the whole earth.
b. A stratagem or scheme involving cunning or hypocrisy. Also as a mass noun: scheming of this kind. Now somewhat archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination
artc1300
enginec1300
compassc1320
governaila1382
subtletya1393
imaginement1543
machinationc1550
stratagem1561
designing1566
packing1587
Machiavellism1592
design1594
drifting1602
Machiavellianism1607
artifice1618
reach1641
contrivance1647
intrigue1668
designfulnessa1677
engineering1716
manoeuvring1786
scheme1790
intriguery1815
intriguing1841
footwork1902
game playing1916
1594 I. T. tr. T. Watson Ould Facioned Love iii. 14 He flies with wings and ioies in false designes.
1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent ii. 142 Those that had vnderstanding, were discouered to haue deseignes, and hard to be gouerned.
1680 H. Prideaux Lett. (1875) 81 Those rogues have designes goeing on, but if the King will but put on a little rigour he may easyly quel them.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 247 A..faithful..Servant..without Passions, Sullenness or Designs.
1796 Bp. R. Watson Apol. for Bible 276 If this mistake proceeds from design you are still less fit.
1840 A. Strickland Lives Queens of Eng. I. 320 He resolved to detain the lady prisoner in his fortress till she complied with his proposal. Eleanora suspected his design.
1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. v. 119 'T was all deceit, and lying, false design!
1910 M. Macbeth Winning Game viii. 64 Leslie wondered whether by any Satanic intuition he guessed that she had led him there by dark design.
2005 F. Dallmayr Small Wonder x. 202 Aware of their scheming design, Jesus urged them to produce a piece of money.
3.
a. In weakened sense: a purpose, an aim, an intention.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose
willeOE
highOE
thoughtOE
intent?c1225
achesounc1230
attenta1250
couragec1320
devicec1320
minda1325
studya1382
understanding1382
suggestionc1390
meaninga1393
i-minda1400
minta1400
tent1399
castc1400
ettlingc1400
affecta1425
advicec1425
intention1430
purposec1430
proposea1450
intendment1450
supposing?c1450
pretensionc1456
intellectionc1460
zeal1492
hest?a1513
minting?a1513
institute?1520
intendingc1525
mindfulness1530
cogitationa1538
fordrift1549
forecast1549
designing1566
tention1587
levela1591
intendiment1595
design1597
suppose1597
aim1598
regarda1616
idea1617
contemplationa1631
speculation1631
view1634
way of thinking1650
designation1658
tend1663
would1753
predetermination1764
will to art1920
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 198 That it would please thee leaue these sad designes, To him that hath more cause to be a mourner. View more context for this quotation
1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. iv. viii. 112 They who ask reliefe, have one designe; and he who gives it, another.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 27 He..demands On what design the Boys had bound his hands.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 46 The Design of this Chapter is to inquire, how far this is the Case.
1792 B. Munchhausen's Trav. xxx. 135 They extended an elephant's hide, tanned and prepared for the design, across the summit of the tower.
1830 Reg. Pennsylvania Aug. 128/2 Their design is to communicate, in familiar language, such kinds of information.
1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxxiii. 564 My design had been to go at once to London.
1916 Out West Mag. July 29/2 Any organization..whose design is to give advantages to its members that are not possessed by the general public, is obviously iniquitous.
1990 H. V. Savitch in J. Bellush & D. Netzer Urban Politics N.Y. Style ix. 262 Koch helped establish the New York City Partnership,..whose design was to promote business growth.
b. An intended course of travel. Cf. design v. 10. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 61 My Design was, to the North Part of the Island.
4. That which is aimed at; an end in view; an ultimate goal or purpose.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object
willeOE
errand?c1225
purposec1300
endc1305
emprisec1330
intentc1340
use1340
conclusionc1374
studya1382
pointc1385
causec1386
gamea1393
term?c1400
businessc1405
finec1405
intentionc1410
object?a1425
obtent?a1475
drift1526
intend1526
respect1528
flight1530
finality?1541
stop1551
scope1559
butt?1571
bent1579
aiming point1587
pursuitc1592
aim1595
devotion1597
meaning1605
maina1610
attempt1610
design1615
purport1616
terminusa1617
intendment1635
pretence1649
ettle1790
big (also great) idea1846
objective1878
objective1882
the name of the game1910
the object of the exercise1958
thrust1968
1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 219 For no uther desing bott only for saiftie of my avin puir lyfe.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 55 Wither'd Murther..towards his designe Moues like a Ghost. View more context for this quotation
1657 O. Cromwell in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 86 We desire..that the design be Dunkirk rather than Grauelines.
1711 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 24 Mar. (1965) I. 95 Happynesse is the natural design of all the World.
1770 C. Jenner Placid Man (1773) I. 120 Lion-hunting..being the whole end and design of travelling.
1833 T. Chalmers On Power Wisdom & Goodness of God I. iv. 177 Virtue was the design of our Creation.
1878 Metrop. Pulpit June 270/1 Church music has only one design, and that is devotion.
1914 T. J. Sullivan Merchants & Manufacturers on Trial xvi. 125 Slavery allows the master..to resist that improvement which is the design..of the Creator.
1996 M. Dean in A. Barry et al. Foucault & Polit. Reason x. 224 A fourth set of questions concerns the telos of government, that is, the aim, end, goal or design.
5. Fulfilment of a prearranged plan; adaptation of means to an end. Chiefly in theological contexts, with reference to the belief that the universe manifests divine forethought and testifies to an intelligent creator, usually identified as God (cf. intelligent design n., argument from design n. at Phrases 3).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > premeditation
aforethoughta1400
forethoughta1400
premeditation?a1475
designment1570
preconsideration1593
predeliberationa1631
fore-plot1641
premeditatedness1659
design1665
precausation1670
contrivance1695
preconfiguration1830
precontrivance1832
designfulness1867
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 141 Either out of Design, or Simplicity.
1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. Concl. 289 Ten thousand thousand Instances of Design, cannot but prove a Designer.
1796 E. Burke Thoughts Prospect Regicide Peace 39 Nothing in the Revolution..was left to accident. All was the result of design; all was matter of institution.
1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxiii. i, in Maud & Other Poems 76 What a lovely shell,..With delicate spire and whorl, How exquisitely minute, A miracle of design!
1860 C. Darwin Let. 22 May in Life & Lett. (1887) II. 105 I cannot see as plainly as others do..evidence of design and beneficence on all sides of us.
1922 C. A. Beckwith Idea of God vi. 127 The teleological argument proceeds on the basis that the presence of ends in nature is a proof of design, and from design thus indicated is drawn the inference of a designer.
1981 C. Birch & J. B. Cobb Liberation of Life (1984) ii. 50 So much of our structural design, particularly the skeleton, evolved from quadruped life.
2006 R. Dawkins God Delusion (2008) 24 The illusion of design in the living world..is explained by Darwinian natural selection.
II. An artistic sketch, and related senses.
6. A preliminary drawing or sketch; a plan, outline, or model produced to show the look or function of a building, machine, or other object before it is made or built.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > working drawing
draught1577
design1624
draft1678
setting-out1848
1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. i. 50 Errors euer occurring more easily in the management of grosse Materials, then Lineall Designes.
1645 N. Stone Enchiridion of Fortification Table sig. F3v Profile, an Italian word for that designe that showes the side..of any work.
1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 15 'Tis usual..for any person before he begins to Erect a Building, to have Designs or Draughts drawn upon Paper..in which Designs..each Floor or Story is Delineated.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §278 The necessary designs for the iron rails of the balcony.
1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing i. 29 That these itinerant workmen had a certain set of designs, or rather patterns, handed down from generation to generation.
1898 Overland Monthly Feb. 152 (caption) A design in rough for the proposed monument of Balboa.
1924 Boys' Life Nov. 23/1 We have sent word to all the Lone Scout artists on record asking them to submit a design for a new Merit medal.
1950 J. Rood Sculpt. in Wood 64 You have, I hope, made a design of your own and not followed the one shown here.
2010 J. O'Connor Mastering Mental Ray ix. 272 It is rare for an architectural project to come to us and stay the way that the initial designs detailed.
7.
a. The art of drawing or sketching; (hence) the process, practice, or art of devising, planning, or constructing something (as a work of art, structure, device, etc.) according to aesthetic or functional criteria; (also) this as a subject of study or examination.graphic, industrial, interior, product, web design, etc.: see the first element.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun]
arts of imitation1638
design1638
art1668
fine arts1686
imitative arts1753
designation1796
fine art1804
beaux arts1821
visual art1857
machine art1945
picturedom1945
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 271 [From] Designe and Proportion..we should proceed to Colour.
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura sig. b8 (contents) Passions expressible by the art of Designe.
1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty ii. 17 Variety uncomposed, and without design, is confusion and deformity.
1768 Scots Mag. Dec. 664/1 The principal object..is to be the establishment of well-regulated schools of design, where students in the arts may find..instruction.
1788 T. Pownall Notices & Descr. Antiq. Provincia Romana of Gaul p. x Sieur Schneyder, the Master of Design to the College.
1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §25. 9 Design or the graphic art..produces by means of light and shade the appearance of bodies on a surface.
1877 W. C. Unwin (title) The elements of machine design.
1919 G. M. Whipple Classes for Gifted Children 127 Two were students in the Department of Art and Design of the University of Illinois.
1976 R. Dawkins Selfish Gene (1978) ix. 171 A fashion in women's clothes, or in American car design.
1983 Pop. Sci. Sept. 82/2 The long, frustrating years of design and development..were over.
2003 K. Cole Footnotes 58 Having gone from law school to a career in design might have seemed like a leap.
b. The completed product or result of this process; the arrangement of features in something planned or produced according to aesthetic or functional criteria; a particular shape, style, or model.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > artistically conceived design
device1399
designment1570
designc1660
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 139 That which made me desirous of seeing this Palace was the extravagance of the designe.
a1697 J. Aubrey Nat. Hist. Surrey (1718) II. 53 A noble and most curious Monument of white and vein'd Italian Marble, of a beautiful Design, and well perform'd.
1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 501 The gardens of Caprorola are likewise of an elegant design.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. Prol. p. v Simplicity and grandeur of design.
1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iii. v. 433 A silver bracelet, of a rarer and more artistic design.
1895 Electr. Engineer 1 Mar. 270/1 They have on view samples of their newest designs in gas and electric light fittings.
1913 E. C. Vivian Hist. Aeronaut. xiii. 197 In 1913 a machine of his design, a tractor byplane, raised the British height record to 13,000 feet.
1988 Organbuilder May 26/2 The Cremona..is a consequence of the peculiar design of the Chair organ.
2010 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Sept. 166/1 The new Aquariva retains the look of the classic lake-boat design.
c. A decorative pattern.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun]
device1399
vicea1400
work?a1475
pattern1581
sleight1590
figure1609
design1670
wile1849
patterning1860
key band1881
maggot1925
1670 Sir S. Crow Let. 3 May in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 15 Theire ordnary designes..beeing deformed and mishapen.
1787 New Lady's Mag. Jan. 53/1 The petticoat..embroidered with a beautiful design of stones, fringe, and foils.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xix. 224 To admire the designs on the enamelled silver centres.
1884 Times 20 Sept. 6/1 It is the design that sells the cloth.
1909 G. W. James Indian Basketry xii. 191 A Quinaielt basket bore a certain design, a favorite pattern in the tribe.
1973 R. L. Fox Alexander the Great i. ii. 31 One of their later mosaic floors probably took its design of centaurs from a painting.
2009 M. Wood Laura Ashley 36 (caption) An early apron printed with a design similar to those used on tea towels.

Phrases

P1. by (also out of, †on, †upon) design: on purpose, deliberately, intentionally; frequently contrasted with accident n. 7. [After Middle French, French par dessein (1592 in the passage translated in quot. 1603), perhaps itself after Italian per disegno (a1566). Compare Italian a disegno (1603).]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > [adverb]
willesOE
with one's willc1175
willes and waldesc1225
adviselya1325
wittinglya1340
wilfullyc1374
witting1377
a-purposea1382
of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382
wilfulc1381
willingly1402
of intention1430
knowingly1435
advisedlyc1449
deliberately1471
purpensely1472
purposely1495
prepensedly1496
purpensedly1496
purposedlya1540
proposely?1550
studiously1567
on (also upon) purpose1569
on set purpose1569
of industry1575
affectedly1582
premeditatelya1595
deliberatively1598
consultively1599
intentionallya1673
affectionally1603
by (also out of, on, upon) design1603
intentionately1609
industriouslya1616
perpensedly1624
intendedlya1641
unspontaneously1640
industrously1643
consultedly1645
consideringly1647
designedly1652
premeditatedly1653
wittily1653
intendingly1678
premeditatinglya1679
self-consciously1685
propensely1694
thinkingly1705
accidentally on purpose1711
affectionatelya1716
prepensely?1725
systematically1744
advertently1745
systemically1761
reflectively1775
purposefullya1854
meaningly1867
aimfully1870
purposively1878
designingly1879
proposedly1887
1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xl. 127 The greatest number of Philosophers are found to have either by designe [Fr. par dessein] prevented, or hastned and furthered their deaths.
1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 65 The man being upon design gone..into Sanctuary.
1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 261 On design to extirpate all the smiths in Israel.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 141 Either out of Design, or Simplicity.
a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. Pref. 4 I have on design avoided all laboured periods.
1769 Junius Lett. (1771) I. xiii. 65 It is not that you do wrong by design, but that you should never do right by mistake.
1816 Monthly Repos. Sept. 528/1 No man by design injures his circumstances, few by design injure their health.
1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 627 William, whether by accident or by design, was not admitted.
1879 Sabbath School Mag. 1 Jan. 14 All this was done on design.
1930 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 35 1109 Whether by design, or unconsciously, Park has not touched..on the use of the life-history procedure as an instrument of natural science.
1983 A. Alland Playing with Form 192 Young children often produce effective representations..of human beings by accident rather than by design.
2003 N. Atkin Forgotten French i. 15 Most had come to Britain not out of design..but by chance.
P2. in (also under) design: at the planning stage; in the process of being designed.
ΚΠ
1645 D. Buchanan Short Rel. Main Passages of Things 20 It is the custome of the wise Court, to have, at one and the same time, divers undertakings in designe.
1702 R. Stephens in F. Bacon Lett. Introd. p. vi Materials..to be added, towards the erecting that new Fabrick of the Sciences which he had long had in Design.
1809 Cobbett's Compl. Coll. State Trials IV. 650 Waller..was the principal actor and contriver of this Plot, which was in design when he and the other commissioners were at Oxford.
1873 Morning Post 8 Aug. 4/5 The question of the width and size of docks was raised..on the occasion of the Director of Works' proposal as to the size of the docks then under design.
1949 Bull. Atomic Scientists Mar. 81/2 This has been under design at the Argonne National Laboratory for the past two years.
2008 M. Bennett in S. Schaltegger et al. Environmental Managem. Accounting for Cleaner Production xxv. 446 The new system..was in design at the time of this research but was only subsequently implemented.
P3.
argument from design n. Theology an argument for the existence of an intelligent creator (usually identified as God) based on perceived evidence of deliberate design in the natural or physical world (cf. sense 5).
ΚΠ
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. ii. 12 The argument from design remains as it was.
1880 H. A. Mott Was Man Created? 138 The Teleological Argument, or argument from design or final causes, is as follows: Design, or the adaptation of means to effect an end, implies the exercise of intelligence and free choice.
1920 I. Edman Human Traits & their Social Significance xii. 318 The arguments from design..were, if not disproved, at least rendered dubious.
1987 V. P. Dawson Nature's Enigma 73 Both works placed great emphasis on the argument from design.
2001 D. Z. Phillips Relig. & Hermeneutics of Contempl. 7 While Hume revealed the bankruptcy of the argument from design, he could not see beyond it.
P4.
arts of design n. now archaic and historical arts in which preliminary drawings or sketches play a principal part, such as painting, sculpture, or architecture.
ΚΠ
a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 1 Being naturally inclined in my younger years to study the Arts of Designe, I passed into forrain parts to converse with the great Masters thereof in Italy.
1797 Monthly Mag. Mar. 185/2 Those arts of design, of which the Royal Academy of London is now so illustrious a school.
1841 W. Osburn Antiq. Egypt x. ii. 218 The arts of design flourished greatly under these Pharaohs.
1889 Photogr. Times 3 May 220/1 I shall attempt to show what the true art in photography is, and how it differs from the arts of design.
1995 G. Bull Michelangelo (1998) 117 The pope favoured literature rather more than the arts of design.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive (in sense 7), as design course, design student, design studio, design team, etc.
ΚΠ
1860 Brit. Controversialist 3rd Ser. 3 71/2 A design class, though commenced late in the season, made great progress.
1894 Leeds Mercury 13 Sept. 3/3 The design studio..is in close proximity to the textile museum..[since] a large number of students are studying art as applied to the decoration of woven fabrics.
1911 Arts & Decoration Jan. 121/3 A design course of two years.
1920 School Arts Feb. 344/1 The design students..may work out little problems in wood right in the classroom.
1937 Textile Mercury & Argus 16 July 63/2 Latch-hook design. This design motif..is the characteristic mark of Caucasian rugs and carpets.
1951 J. Lewin Considerations Choice Working Stresses (Assoc. Engin. & Shipbuilding Draughtsmen) i. 7 If the stress corresponding to failure which a material can withstand is denoted by f , the design stress is given by f/n where n is called a factor of safety.
1973 Gramophone Jan. 1433/3 The paper..discussed the design concept and production processes of the BRC 70 and 80 series.
1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 41 (advt.) Its colour graphics..make it welcome in design studios.
1993 D. A. Norman Things that make us Smart 105 The design team should start by considering the tasks that the artifact is intended to serve and the people who will use it.
2011 Daily Tel. 19 Aug. 5/6 David scored straight As in design technology, maths and physics.
b.
design consultancy n.
ΚΠ
1956 Financial Times 19 Mar. 6/7 Your Midland Representative's article ‘Industry's Need of Draughtsmen’..is an outspoken attack against the design consultancy profession.
2007 M. Hespe Industr. Design 59 At a design consultancy, you can use all your design skills to turn concepts into reality.
design consultant n.
ΚΠ
1942 N. C. Meier Art in Human Affairs ii. 52 The newest steel-and-leather furniture may be in accordance with the recommendations of the highest paid design consultants.
2001 S. Walton You heard it through Grapevine i. 10 The design consultants..had reconfigured everything from the letterhead to the colour of the seats in reception.
design engineer n.
ΚΠ
1897 M. A. Dubois Hist., Organisation & Results 11 in Proc. Internat. Railway Congr. 1895 4 Besides the documents published by the Commission and a report by M. Morandicre, design engineer.., and by M. Lancrenon, assistant chief engineer.., [etc.].
1964 F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers iii. 49 Not infrequently, a design engineer will ask the logical designer to make alterations for various reasons.
2004 Contract Jrnl. 14 Jan. 14/5 To deal with the complex load cases specified by the design engineers, Tarmac Precast used de-bonding techniques during manufacture.
design feature n.
ΚΠ
1929 Pop. Mechanics June 886 (caption) A larger cabin and improved streamline design feature.
1959 Princ. Forced Circulation in Hot Water Heating Syst. (1960) 8 This method may be used for houses..with normal design features for windows and doors.
2001 C. Friend in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 29 Think about the possibilities for generating ‘pet appeal’—the design feature which makes us ‘fall in love’ with products.
design flaw n.
ΚΠ
1941 Scribner's Commentator June 47/1 It wasn't long before he happened upon the remedy, eliminating a serious design flaw that had stumped the best engineering brains analyzing the problem.
2003 T. J. Parenty Digital Def. v. 51 Researchers found a design flaw in the algorithm used to encrypt cellular telephone calls in the United States, which meant anyone with a computer and a scanner could listen in.
design phase n.
ΚΠ
1922 Army Ordnance July–Aug. 149/2 In passing from the development or design phase to that of manufacture, I wish to call to your attention the necessity of knowing..the types of ammunition required.
2001 K. B. Hall & G. A. Porterfield Community by Design i. iii. 50 You might say that if you have a good program you have already begun the design phase.
design process n.
ΚΠ
1923 Pop. Mech. Apr. 624/2 Too great accuracy is not to be expected at any point in the design process here outlined.
1948 Jrnl. Architect. Educ. (Assoc. Collegiate Schools Architect.) 3 64 I disagree with the idea that conception of construction as a design process tends to cellularization.
2005 N. Gershenfeld Fab 122 Sketches can be scanned into a computer as a starting point in the design process.
design stage n.
ΚΠ
1920 L. Bairstow Appl. Aerodynamics ii. 55 Such phenomena..are reproduced in the model with sufficient accuracy for the phenomena to be kept under control in the design stages of a flying boat.
1988 Proc. 8th Internat. Custom Microelectronics Conf. xiii. 1 Should delays occur due to problems encountered in the design stage, product launch dates will slip.
2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder iv. 76 You might think it is a bit premature at the design stage to be thinking of digging foundations, but there is a reason why you need to consider this early on.
C2.
design argument n. = argument from design n. at Phrases 3.
ΚΠ
1843 Oracle of Reason No. 58 47/1 Investigation of the ‘Design’ argument.
1912 F. J. McConnell Increase of Faith ii. 54 Even though we abjure altogether the old-and-fast design arguments, we cannot get away from the suggestions of mental activity in the presence of arrangement.
2009 S. C. Meyer Signature in Cell (2010) xvii. 383 Hume refuted the classical design argument in biology by showing that it depends on a flawed analogy between living forms and human artifacts.
design automation n. Computing and Electronics (more fully electronic design automation) the use of computer software to automatically design electronic systems, esp. integrated circuits; frequently attributive.
ΚΠ
1959 Managem. Sci. 6 (end matter) Computer programming at IBM is being extended to include many new areas—such as orbit computation,..design automation, [etc.].
1992 Microelectronics Jrnl. 23 318/1 Perhaps the weakest chapter in comparison with the remainder is the final one covering design automation and verification.
2008 H. Kaeslin Digital Integrated Circuit Design i. 29 The VLSI [sc. very-large-scale integration] industry long ago became entirely dependent on electronic design automation (EDA) software.
design book n. a book containing drawings, sketches, or examples of decorative patterns; (also) a book about the art or process of design (sense 7).
ΚΠ
1842 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 23 July 1/1 Design books may also be inspected at Skerton and Scotforth Marble Mills.
1936 Burlington Mag. Nov. 235/2 The silversmiths appear to have had in their minds the forms depicted in German design-books.
2007 T. Sikes Artful Home 32 Your photo would look right at home in the pages of a design book or magazine.
design conscious adj. aware of or interested in design (sense 7).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [adjective] > having interest in design
design conscious1946
1946 Times 5 Feb. 3/1 (advt.) Cornercroft have always been design-conscious.
1960 Guardian 30 Sept. 10/2 Plagiarism..is a rare headache to the design-conscious Scandinavian nations.
2003 M. J. Crosbie Multi-family Housing 174 Neighbourhood residents are affluent, politically active, and design conscious.
design-led adj. motivated or driven by design considerations, esp. with regard to aesthetic or functional criteria, rather than commercial or consumer requirements (sometimes opposed to demand- or market-led).
ΚΠ
1983 Guardian 22 Mar. 13/4 British managers have a view of culture and aesthetics which is inimical to producing design-led products.
1995 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 14 Mar. (Late ed.) 14 Other architects..look down on their work, seeing it as severely compromised by commercial demands, as mindless and market-driven rather than design-led.
2009 M. Beverland Building Brand Authenticity 118 Research suggests design-led firms have a culture that embeds design thinking throughout the firm.
design life n. the period of time during which a device, system, etc., is expected to function correctly.
ΚΠ
1922 Gen. Electric Rev. 25 424 The design life on these lamps is 1200 hours.
1978 New Scientist 7 Dec. 747/2 The packaging in which bulbs are sold should carry information on..the design life of the lamp.
2010 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 26 May 15 Over their 60-year design life the two nuclear plants would deliver 1,577 TW [= terawatt]-hours of electricity.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

designv.

Brit. /dᵻˈzʌɪn/, U.S. /dəˈzaɪn/, /diˈzaɪn/
Forms:

α. Middle English–1700s designe, 1500s–1600s desine, 1500s–1600s desyne, 1500s– design.

β. 1500s–1600s desseign, 1500s–1600s desseigne, 1500s–1600s dessign, 1500s–1600s dessigne, 1500s–1600s disseigne, 1500s–1600s dissign, 1500s–1600s dissigne.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French designer, dessiner.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman designier, Anglo-Norman and Middle French designer, Middle French desiner, desseigner, deseigner, desseiner, dessigner, dessiner (French désigner and dessiner , with semantic differentiation (see below), and also (chiefly in senses corresponding to branch II.) †desseigner ) (of a name, symbol, etc.) to signify, mean (something) (c1150), to name, call (a thing or person) (1256 or earlier), to indicate, point out (a thing or person) (a1377), to describe (something) (a1481), to trace the outline of (a figure or form) (1529 as désigner ; now dessiner ), to purpose, intend (something) (1550; obsolete after the 18th cent.), to sketch, draw (a thing), to compose (a work of art) (1556 as dessigner ; 1552 used figuratively; now dessiner ), to form a plan or scheme of (something), to plan, project, conceive (something) (a1561 as desseiner ; obsolete after the 18th cent.). The French verb is partly < classical Latin dēsignāre (also dissignāre : see note) to mark out, trace out, to indicate, point out, to denote, to assign, to appoint, to order, plan, to scheme, perpetrate, in post-classical Latin also to say, mention, to symbolize, represent (4th cent.), to signify (6th cent.; < de- de- prefix + signāre sign v.1), and partly (in later use, in senses corresponding to branches II. and III.) < Italian disegnare (see below; < classical Latin dēsignāre ), with remodelling after various related words (see below). Compare later designate v., which superseded this word in most senses of branch I., after the senses of the later two branches (especially of branch III.) had become dominant. With the senses of branches II. and III. compare later design n. I. and design n. II. respectively.Differentiation of forms and meanings in French. In modern French there are two distinct verbs: désigner (in senses of branch I.) and dessiner (in senses of branch III.), distinguished in both form and meaning. Of these, dessiner shows assimilation to the noun dessin (see design n.), on the model of other denominal verbs like chagriner to grieve (see chagrin v.). In Middle French, the situation was less clear; for instance, 16th-cent. texts contain instances both of designer in the senses ‘to project, to plan’ and ‘to draw, to sketch’ and of dessigner , desseigner in the sense ‘to indicate, to signify’. The senses corresponding to branch II. are not expressed by either modern French verb; †desseigner (borrowed < Italian, and remodelled probably after enseigner to teach: see ensign v.) is frequently attested in these senses from the 16th to the 18th centuries, but became obsolete in the 18th cent., and other verbs are now used to express these concepts, e.g. projeter project v. Forms and meanings in Italian. The chief senses of Italian disegnare (also †desegnare , †dissegnare ) are: ‘to represent (figures) by way of lines’ (1282 as †desegnare ), ‘to describe (something) verbally’ (a1292), ‘to indicate (something) by signs, to symbolize (something)’ (a1294; now rare), ‘to appoint, nominate (a person to an office)’ (a1316; now obsolete), ‘to plan, contrive, imagine (a piece of work prior to executing it)’ (1329), ‘to imagine, conceive (something)’ (a1363), ‘to represent (an object) graphically, especially in architecture’ (a1444), ‘to purpose, plan, intend (something)’ (a1498), ‘to provide for (something), to anticipate (something)’ (a1513; now obsolete). The chief senses of Italian designare , the learned counterpart of disegnare (from the same Latin etymon), are: ‘to delimit (an object) in space’ (first half of the 14th cent.), ‘to nominate (a person) for an office or as candidate in an election‘, ‘to signify, denote (something)’ (both 14th or 15th cent.), ‘to draw, sketch’ (1585; now obsolete), ‘to point out or represent’ (1853). In the late 16th cent. designare was also occasionally used in the sense ‘to purpose, plan, intend’. Forms in other Romance languages. Compare Old Occitan desenhar , Catalan designar (1408), Spanish designar (mid 14th cent.), Portuguese designar (13th cent. as †desynar ), all in senses corresponding to branch I., and (in senses corresponding to branch III.) Spanish diseñar (1535; < Italian). History within English. Although Middle English instances of the word could theoretically be taken as showing borrowings < classical Latin dēsignāre , this is unlikely on formal grounds. In sense 4 after classical Latin dēsignāre; this sense is not paralleled in French until later (1690). Form history. In β. forms with medial -seign- after Middle French, French †desseigner. In β. forms in dis- influenced by classical Latin dissignāre. In classical Latin there is some confusion between dēsignāre ( < de- + signāre ) and dissignāre ( < dis- dis- prefix + signāre). The latter form occurs in manuscripts and editions, especially in the senses ‘to order, plan’ and ‘to scheme, perpetrate’, where it may, at least in some cases, be the correct form. In post-classical Latin dissignare is attested in the senses ‘to separate, distinguish’, ‘to destroy’ (4th cent.).
I. To mark out, nominate, appoint, designate.
1.
a. transitive. To point out or represent by some distinctive sign, mark, or token; to indicate, signify. Also with forth, out, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > designation > designate [verb (transitive)]
seala1225
designa1398
representa1645
sign1654
ticket1654
designate1677
signature1740
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvii. 1369 God is creatour and makere of alle, and is designed [L. designatur] in a cercle.
c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 40 The nombre multiplying..is designede aduerbially.
1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lxxiv, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. E6v Most happy letters..With which that happy name was first desynd.
1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr x. 313 The Sunne which designes Priesthod, is so much bigger then the Moone.
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 117 The Forme..being vsuall..with such Substantiues to designe out the subiect denominated of the Adiectiue.
1641 tr. F. Cupisse Blind Guide Forsaken 37 Designing forth unto us the place whither hee is ascended.
1668 C. Sedley Mulberry-garden i. ii Those Cravats that design the Right Honourable.
1755 tr. J.-B. Bossuet Universal Hist. II. i. 11 The Messiah..was..exhibited as God in the singular number, and absolutely after the same manner in which the creator is designed to us.
b. intransitive with object implied. To indicate. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxviii. 360 Euen so As had their Oracles of them dissigned long ago.
2. transitive. Of a name, sign, symbol, etc.: to signify, stand for, mean (something). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)]
tokenc888
meaneOE
sayOE
bequeathc1175
signifya1382
beara1400
bemeana1400
soundc1400
designc1429
applyc1450
betoken1502
express1526
conveya1568
intend1572
carry1584
denotate1597
pronounce1610
to set out1628
implya1640
speak1645
denote1668
designate1741
describe1808
enunciate1859
read1894
c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2588 Be the forsaide citee the werld is wele prefigured, And be the citezeins mankinde is noght wronge designed.
a1456 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 699 Þe arke of God..designeþe..Grace.
1548 G. Joye tr. A. Osiander Coniectures Ende of Worlde iv. sig. G Letters of the Hebrewes designe certaine noumbers, as do our Latyn letters..signifye our noumbers.
1630 G. Hakewill Apologie (ed. 2) (advt.) sig. Bbb3v If the numerall..be an adverb, then it designeth so many hundred thousand.
a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 368 A few lines of cyphers will designe and expresse that number.
1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 138 Names which did designe temporary offices.
3. transitive. To point out by name or by descriptive phrase; (Law) to specify (a person) by title, profession, trade, etc.; to designate, name, style. Now rare.Sometimes with direct object and complement: to name (a person or thing) (something).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as
sayOE
calla1250
deemc1400
nevenc1425
qualify?1465
designa1500
expound1530
style1570
read1590
intenda1599
dub1607
instyle1607
phrase1607
enstyle1616
speaka1625
cognominate1632
determine1653
clapa1657
designate1669
intimate1799
nominate1799
bedub1884
tab1924
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 145 Marie Jacobi þe Lasse is designyd and rehersid in the gospell after the nominacion of Marie Magdaleyne.
1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xi. 939 By this name he designeth Pastors, and whosoeuer were appointed to the gouernement of the Church.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. iii. §1. 213 Hee left his Kingdome to the worthiest, as designing Perdiccas.
1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1311 Willing the Turks to designe the partie which had thrown the stone.
1752 Scots Mag. Nov. 541/2 Whether they are designed by name, or by any other description,..the pursuers know nothing in law that can hinder such obligation.
1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 393 Voltaire..in designing Geneva, called it la petite République voisine de ses terres.
1814 R. Southey Roderick xviii. 231 The plains Burgensian..ere long To be design'd Castille.
1874 Act 37 & 38 Vict. c. 94 §38 The writer..is not named or designed.
1907 Compl. Syst. Conveyancing (Juridical Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 6) I. 738 For that end to pay to L, M, and N (name and design trustees), as trustees.
2003 E. D. Brown in S. R. Grubbs Internat. Civil Procedure 599 If the contract provides that the dispute is to be referred to a person who is named or designed.
4. transitive. To appoint to some office, function, or position; to designate, nominate, name (a person) as something, or for some role. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > nominate
nameOE
nevenc1425
nominate1556
design1564
voice1594
designatea1616
tap1952
1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vii. sig. L.v Octauianus,..whom Cesar had adopted, and by hys laste will designed to be his heire.
1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. xii. 509 The priest was designed ouer the penitents in euerie church.
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 160 A perpetuall and vnquencheable fire, for the watching whereof, were Dogges designed.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xvi. 671/1 Where Election designeth the Successor.
a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 113 The Commission..in which he is designed Lieutenant.
1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother ii. i. 555 Great, just and merciful, such as Mankind..would have design'd a King.
1844 R. Sears New & Compl. Hist. Holy Bible (ed. 2) ii. 479 John, who was designed as his [sc. Jesus's] forerunner in the ministry.
1936 G. P. Gooch Before War 291 The Tsar informed him that..he was designed as his [sc. Lamsdorff's] successor.
5. transitive. To appoint or assign (something) (to a person); to make over, bestow, grant, give. Frequently (and in later use only) in Scots Law: to set apart (a manse or glebe) for the use of a minister. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)]
assign1297
bequeathc1305
alienc1400
analy1405
releasea1425
alienate?a1475
to make over1478
convey1495
transport1523
to put over1542
dispone?1548
design1573
pass1587
to set over1594
transfer1598
abalienate1646
attorn1649
demise1670
enure1736
to will away1773
divest1790
1573 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1573/1/6 Thay have appoyntit, markit and designit the said manse, with foure akaris..to the use of the minister..that sall..mister [read minister] at the said kirk.
1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 99 Three kinds of life to her designed bee.
1608 Bp. J. King Serm. St. Maries Oxf. 8 Afterwardes when Michal was designed to him [sc. David].
1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 257 Designing unto Musculus one of the principallest Churches.
a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) ii. 296 The Spirit's name which he designed her was Locas.
1771 E. Kimber & R. Johnson Wotton's Baronetage of Eng. III. 344 A colony there [sc. in America], to which the aid of these knights was designed.
1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 580 Nature..when she form'd, designed them an abode.
1834 P. Shaw Digest Cases Supreme Courts Scotl. 122/1 A minister cannot insist..on having a grass glebe designed to him out of kirk-lands..where a glebe equally good..can be allotted to him out of other lands.
1906 Sc. Law Rev. 22 210 In 1827 the then minister of St. Leonard's parish applied to the Presbytery of St. Andrews to have a glebe designed to him.
6. transitive. To set (something) apart in thought for the use or advantage of someone; to intend to bestow or give. Often with for (in early use also with to, on, or object complement). Obsolete.Frequently with admixture of branch II.; now merged with sense 8.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > intend to give
design1582
1582 Annot. (1 John v. 16) in Bible (Rheims) 687 The temporal punishment and affliction which he had designed for them.
1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies Ded. sig. A2 This worthless Present was design'd you, long before it was a Play.
1666 J. Dryden Ann. Mirab. (1667) lx. 16 Their mounting shot is on our sails design'd: Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light.
1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 153 Trear. designes the place to Orrery, but I am confident it will never be.
1701 Pennsylvania Arch. I. 142 I fully design'd you a visit.
1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 70 What Present I had design'd for her.
1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) ii. 22 Hearing what favours were designed for his boy.
1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 403 These fragments are designed for the German, rather than the English reader.
7. transitive. To appoint, destine, devote (a person or thing) to a fate or purpose. Obsolete.Now merged with or understood as sense 8.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > predestine or predetermine [verb (transitive)] > one's lot
ordainc1384
fortune1390
allot1566
design1593
number1611
1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 23 a Because I am Christ the iust, therfore you will designe me to the Crosse vniustly.
1624 P. Massinger Bond-man iv. ii. sig. H This well-built Citie, not long since design'd To spoyle and rapine.
1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 15 The Duke..designed in his Will ten Thousand Gilders..to..alter what he had Built amisse.
1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 127 Neither yet need those who are designed to Divinity it self, fear to look into these Studies.
1747 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 139 The Goods design'd as a Present to the Indians.
1880 E. C. Brewer Reader's Handbk. Allusions 31 Assad was thrown into a dungeon, where he was designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god.
II. To plan in the mind, intend.
8. transitive (frequently in passive). To intend (a thing) to be or do something; to mean to serve some purpose or fulfil some plan.Now often influenced by branch III.
a. With infinitive as complement (in early use also with noun complement).
ΚΠ
1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. i. ix. 68 Dialectical disputation, whiche..is desined, not to haue power to prooue, but..to destroie and disproue.
1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 141 So far as you design the Balcony to project.
1733 Earl of Orrery in Duncombe's Lett. (1773) II. 35 The wood-walk, which I designed a labyrinth, is almost finished.
1779 W. Cowper Let. 21 Sept. (1979) I. 303 I have Glazed the two Frames designed to receive my Pine Plants.
1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 143 With one..kick, designed to express his contempt.
1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbps. I. i. 18 The emperors designed it to be a general council.
1974 D. Hart-Davis Peter Fleming iv. 75 The trip as a whole was designed to be..a general look round.
2009 C. Foster Selfless Gene ii. 24 Morris's remark was designed to offend and provoke, and it did.
b. With prepositional phrase as complement.
ΚΠ
1650 P. Herbert Certaine Conceptions 193 It [sc. heaven] is designed for a perpetuall habitation of his own glory.
1670 J. Dryden Tyrannick Love iii. i. 21 You are not for obscurity design'd: But, like the Sun, must cheer all human-kind.
1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 86 Ask of Politicians the End for which Laws were originally designed; and they will answer, that the Laws were designed as a Protection for the Poor and Weak.
1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ii. 38 The morning I designed for our departure.
1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose iv, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 207 A flask, designed for the refreshment of Lord Menteith.
1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 21 The palace which Somerset designed for this splendid site.
1954 D. Eisenhower Let. 19 Mar. in P. Boyle Churchill-Eisenhower Corr. (1990) 125 That plan was designed primarily as a means of opening the door of world-wide discussion.
2010 J. C. Scott & K. Pearlman in J. C. Scott & D. H. Reynolds Handbk. Workplace Assessment xvii. 557 Archival performance measures..should be used advisedly, since they were not designed for this purpose.
9.
a. transitive. To form a plan or scheme of; to conceive and arrange in the mind; to plan out mentally, contrive. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)]
forethinkc897
bethinka1225
compass1297
contrivec1330
ordain1340
conjectc1380
imaginec1380
cast1382
ordaina1387
advisec1400
forecast1413
imagec1450
ordainc1450
project1477
foreminda1535
invent1539
aimc1540
practise1550
plat1556
trive1573
meditate1582
patterna1586
plot1589
platform1592
design1594
chew1600
forelay1605
to map out1618
to cut out1619
agitate1629
laya1631
plod1631
cut1645
calculate1654
concert1702
to scheme out1716
plan1718
model1725
to rough out1738
to lay out1741
plan1755
prethink1760
shape1823
programme1834
pre-plan1847
encompass1882
target1948
1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xiii. 218 The matters which they disseigne & worke with much wisdome.
1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus iv. 70 Caesar Borgia fell so sick, that he could execute nothing he had designed.
1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 286 If the enemy..should design and plot our ruin. View more context for this quotation
1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 430 That he should begin his Journey..so unfit for Travel..if his going away was design'd the day before.
1795 R. Southey Vision Maid of Orleans i. 170 Eternal Wisdom deals Or peace to man, or misery, for his good Alike design'd.
1810 S. Rogers Voy. Columbus v. 21 He [sc. God] can suspend the laws himself design'd.
1903 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 311 Isaac Todhunter..was a striking case of a man designing a scheme of life and carrying it out systematically.
1954 W. Faulkner Fable 298 We had long ago designed marriage for him.
b. In weakened use. To purpose, intend; (in passive) to be determined, resolved, minded. Now archaic and rare.
(a) transitive. With infinitive as object.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)]
willeOE
meaneOE
minteOE
i-muntec1000
thinkOE
ettlea1200
intenta1300
meanc1330
forn-castc1374
intendc1374
ettlea1400
drive1425
proposec1425
purpose1433
attend1455
suppose1474
pretend1477
mindc1478
minda1513
pretence1565
appurpose1569
to drive at ——1574
thought to1578
hight1579
pretent1587
fore-intend1622
pre-intend1647
design1655
study1663
contemplate1794
purport1803
1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 75 Great Queens, if you ere design to speak to mortalls, Make me acquainted with your rumbling voice.
1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 80 How does the Devil know What 'twas that I design'd to do?
1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 172 I design to go with you.
1760 J. Woodforde Diary 20 May (1924) I. 14 Went to Welch's of Wadham College, where we designed to sup and spend the evening.
1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 224 Those objects which we design to bequeath to posterity.
1956 P. O'Brian Golden Ocean (1996) vi. 110 They had designed to throw him to the Papal bull on the first Monday after the dark of the moon.
(b) transitive. With simple object.
ΚΠ
1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated Ep. Ded. 5 I designe no more than to demonstrate that [etc.].
1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman ii. 35 And yet he really designs no wrong.
a1791 J. Wesley Serm. (1799) p. iii In truth I..designed nothing less.
1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. vi. 82 [Charles] designed inviting great artists to England.
1982 W. L. Morison John Austin iii. 68 The opposing theory is that the index is the utility of actions, because God designs the happiness of his creatures.
(c) transitive. With clause as object.
ΚΠ
a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Wealth in Wks. (1707) I. i. 121 A Proclamation, That she design'd her Smiles should no more fall on the Unworthy.
1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. vii. 146 I did not design you should have heard.
1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. vi. 93 Charles appears to have designed that his Court should resemble the literary Court of the Medici.
1889 A. B. Hyde Story of Methodism xxi. 283 Mr. Wesley ordained Dr. Coke and Mr. Mather to be Bishops. He designed that they should ordain others.
1916 Rep. Decisions Industr. Accident Comm. Calif. 1915 II. App. 1047 Had the constitution..designed that the legislature could exercise a discretion in the matter,..it would have said so.
2000 N. K. Singh Ambedkar on Relig. vi. 217 It [sc. Brahmanism] did not design that they as a nation should be paralysed for action against a foreign nation.
10.
a. transitive (in passive) and intransitive. Usually with for. To be bound for (a place); to intend to go or start. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > intend to go to
design1622
1622 Let. 11 May in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 82 The fleete designed for the coast of Mallabar have..diverted ther course.
1640 W. Habington Hist. Edward IV 6 They designed for London, hoping to finde it..utterly unable for defence.
1684 Lady Russell Lett. I. xv. 42 The question..when I design for Stratton.
1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 21 Ships..designed on long Voyages.
1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 360 From Guam we design for Batavia.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade I. xii. 82 (heading) A caravan of woollen goods designed for that country [sc. Persia].
1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. viii. 199 On the succeeding day we were designed for Amboise.
1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 445 The new Lord Lieutenant had at first designed for Munster.
1909 M. H. Davis Flour & Wheat Trade European Countries & Levant 105 The surtax would apply if..American wheat or flour designed for France were first entered at Antwerp.
b. intransitive. In extended use. To intend to start on a certain course; to mean to take up some pursuit. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1694 E. Gibson Let. 4 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 224 And if he designs for Law, 'tis high time to begin.
1713 Spectator 6 Dec. 466 Instead of going to Italy, or elsewhere, one that designs for Portrait Painting ought to study in England.
11. transitive. To plan to have or gain possession of (a person or thing) (cf. design n. 2a). Also intransitive: to have such intentions (in a specified manner). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (intransitive)]
minOE
howOE
intenta1300
meana1375
intend1390
purposea1400
aimc1450
collime1677
design1749
1644 J. Maxwell Sacro-sancta Regum Majestas ii. 23 A woman by her choice and consent designeth her husband, but the maritall power and dominion is onely from God.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. vii. 163 To persuade the Mother..that you designed honourably. View more context for this quotation
12. transitive. To have in view, contemplate. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)]
i-thenchec897
showeOE
i-mune971
thinkOE
overthinkOE
takec1175
umbethinkc1175
waltc1200
bethinkc1220
wend?c1225
weighc1380
delivera1382
peisea1382
considerc1385
musec1390
to look over ——a1393
advise?c1400
debatec1400
roll?c1400
revert?a1425
advertc1425
deliberc1425
movec1425
musec1425
revolvec1425
contemplec1429
overseec1440
to think overc1440
perpend1447
roil1447
pondera1450
to eat inc1450
involvec1470
ponderate?a1475
reputec1475
counterpoise1477
poisea1483
traversec1487
umbecast1487
digest1488
undercast1489
overhalec1500
rumble1519
volve?1520
compassa1522
recount1526
trutinate1528
cast1530
expend1531
ruminate1533
concoct1534
contemplate1538
deliberate1540
revolute1553
chawa1558
to turn over1568
cud1569
cogitate1570
huik1570
chew1579
meditatec1580
discourse1581
speculate1599
theorize1599
scance1603
verse1614
pensitate1623
agitate1629
spell1633
view1637
study1659
designa1676
introspect1683
troll1685
balance1692
to figure on or upon1837
reflect1862
mull1873
to mull over1874
scour1882
mill1905
a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 18 Before he come to the Subject it self which he designes.
1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 11 So I, designing other themes, and call'd T' adorn the Sofa with eulogium.
1877 W. Bruce Comm. Revel. 87 Tell him that his natural Enemies are not designed in the promise.
III. To fashion, sketch, draw, and related senses.
13.
a. transitive. To make a sketch or outline of (an object or scene); to sketch, draw (something). In extended use: to outline, delineate. Now rare (poetic in later use).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (transitive)]
writeeOE
drawa1398
descrivec1400
describe1538
to draw forth1539
to set out1545
design1570
to draw out1576
detrain1587
lineate16..
linea1616
redraw1728
1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. f. 326v Though this be easy to conceaue, yet I haue designed the figure..wherby you may instruct your imagination.
1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 290 A good invention well designed and seasonably coloured.
c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 160 The Prospect was so tempting, that I could not forbeare to designe it with my Crayon.
1771 (title of plate by Benoist) View of the Grand Procession of the Scald Miserable Masons, Design'd as they were Drawn up..against Somerset House.
1782 Abbé Mann Let. 25 Nov. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 421 Designing, painting..and describing every Fish.
1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. (1842) I. 11 For by knowing..what was to be done in every figure they designed, they naturally attained a freedom and spirit of outline.
1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 211 The monstrous ribs and gullies of the mountain were faintly designed in the moonshine.
1936 R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 19 A rose against the dawn, designing The skeleton.
b. intransitive. To trace the outline of a figure or form, to create a graphic representation; (generally) to engage in drawing, sketching, etc.; to create artistic works. Obsolete (but cf. sense 16).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (intransitive)]
drawc1425
design1662
1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 128 Unless he, that Copies, Design perfectly himself.
1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 373 It hath been my endeavour so to draw and design in vive collours, that naming would appeare superfluous.
1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. V. 418 He designed with greater freedom, coloured with more strength and beauty, gave a better relievo..to his figures.
1793 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 20/1 He was..adroit in performing every thing that he attempted; he designed with elegance; he was a little acquainted with music.
1859 J. Ruskin Two Paths i. 44 A painter designs when he chooses some things, refuses others, and arranges all.
1885 H. V. Barnett in Mag. of Art Sept. 454/1 She..began to design and to paint with delicacy, taste, and truth.
14. transitive. To plan and execute (a structure, work of art, etc.); to fashion with artistic skill; to furnish or adorn with a design. In later use merging with sense 15a (from which this sense is now often indistinguishable).
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > fashion with artistic skill or decoration [verb (transitive)]
design1667
1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 clii. 39 The Weaver charm'd with what his Loom design'd.
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 23 Behold, four hallow'd Altars we design.
1703 R. Steele Tender Husband (1705) iii. ii. 29 However my Face is very prettily design'd today.
1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. v. 98 Did Christians..design its statues and its frescoes?
1865 J. Fergusson Hist. Archit. I. i. iv. v. 346 The Roman bridges were designed on the same grand scale as their aqueducts.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §6. 52 A lady summons him..to design a robe which she is embroidering.
1922 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Aesthetic ii. vii. 258 In 1745 he [sc. Hogarth] designed a frontispiece for a volume of his engravings.
1988 M. Sendak Caldecott & Co. (1989) i. 53 Meggendorfer designed his pictures with the printed version in mind.
15. To produce (a design) (design n. 7b).
a. transitive. (a) To make drawings for the construction or creation of (something, as a building, object, garment, etc.) according to certain aesthetic criteria; (b) to make plans for the production of (a device, product, etc.) according to structural or functional criteria (sometimes without the implication of aesthetic requirements); (c) (in extended use) to conceive, devise, plan (something immaterial, as a scheme, system, programme, etc.).Now the most common sense. Cf. also sense 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > make plan or diagram of [verb (transitive)]
to set down in plat1508
to plat forth1556
delineate1579
plot1588
plat1589
trace1599
to line outa1616
lineament1638
to lay down1669
design1697
plan1734
draught1828
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 406 The Prince designs His new elected Seat, and draws the Lines.
1743 Peterhouse College Order in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 37 In Consideration of his Designing..the new Building.
1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 779/1 The first thing to be done, in order to paint or stain glass..is to design..the whole subject on paper.
1800 J. Dallaway Anecd. Arts Eng. i. vii. 155 The houses designed by him which front the Green Park.
1878 C. L. Norton & J. Habberton Canoeing in Kanuckia 27 He designed a boat..which was easy to paddle, which could be slept in, and in which he made many long cruises.
1893 Weekly Notes 28 89/1 To design and superintend the construction of the docks in question.
1899 J. Dimitry in C. A. Evans Confederate Mil. Hist. X. i. xviii. 195 Hood designed a campaign to lure Sherman from Atlanta.
1913 in P. Farrer Confid. Corr. on Cross Dressing (1997) 53 Paris..where one or two boys were taken..to learn to design dresses and draw fashion hats.
1933 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 8 The aim..is to design and manufacture a vehicle that..will permit a price within the reach of thousands.
1967 Pop. Sci. Oct. 26/2 If the exact structure of proteins were known, it would be possible to design drugs to deal directly with certain body defects.
1979 R. G. Shoup Digital Video 2 88 The videographics system..was designed and built by Xerox in 1973 as an experiment in computer imagery.
1983 People 3 Oct. 92/2 They met in 1972 while filming Badlands—he designed the sets.
1985 H. Clark Textile Printing (1997) 15 (caption) ‘Brother Rabbit’ designed by William Morris in 1882.
1998 S. P. Sells Treating Tough Adolescent iii. viii. 218 The counselor collaborated with the probation officer, and together they designed a plan to empower the mother.
2010 Wall St. Jrnl. Oct.–Nov. (WSJ Mag.) 66/1 This soft leather handbag, designed by Coco Chanel in 1955,..made mattressed leather and leather-laced chain straps company hallmarks.
b. transitive. With in, into, out. To add (a feature, improvement) or remove (a fault, flaw) as part of a design process.
ΚΠ
1919 Printers' Ink 31 July 31/1 He will further seek to supplement this information by a study of the assembly blue prints of the several machine models..[so] that he may accurately determine the value and type of his product that can be designed into them.
1937 Life 3 May 53/1 (advt.) The many improvements..designed into them [sc. trucks] from the drawing board up.
1969 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 1/2 This kind of excitation is present in all turbines, but to a tolerable extent. In this case it should have been designed out.
1998 Town & Country Planning 67 92/4 The White Paper ingeniously seeks to design out those institutional risks by focusing power in the individual figure of the Mayor.
2004 Observer 16 May (Food Monthly Suppl.) 24/2 ‘Nutraceutical’ supplements with claimed medicinal benefits are increasingly being designed into mainstream food recipes.
16. intransitive. To conceive and make drawings and plans for a building, device, product, etc.; to act as or be a designer.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > fashion with artistic skill or decoration [verb (intransitive)]
design1845
1845 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 8 179 It is clear that the architect could not be strictly said to design freely..: the rules by which he was to design were laid down for him with..precision.
1888 Building News 28 Sept. 473/2 The builder's personal interest is to make a profit, the architect's to design, and the motives by which these actions are controlled are of..opposite kinds.
1918 Man. Training Mag. Nov. 72/2 Pupils will be taught to design not to copy... The course will fall into at least eight sections: color design,..costume design, interior decoration, [etc.].
1978 L. T. White Careers in Shanghai i. 48 This is a new concept in architecture, without which you cannot design well.
2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 21 Apr. d8 (advt.) A..graphics environment with..multiple artboards that invite you to explore more efficient ways to design.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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