单词 | design |
释义 | designn. I. A plan conceived in the mind, and related senses. 1. A plan or scheme conceived in the mind and intended for subsequent execution; the preliminary conception of an idea that is to be carried into effect by action; a project. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan redeeOE devicec1290 casta1300 went1303 ordinancec1385 intentc1386 imaginationa1393 drifta1535 draught1535 forecast1535 platform1547 ground-plat?a1560 table1560 convoy1565 design1565 plat1574 ground-plota1586 plot1587 reach1587 theory1593 game1595 projectment1611 projecting1616 navation1628 approach1633 view1634 plan1635 systema1648 sophism1657 manage1667 brouillon1678 speculationa1684 sketch1697 to take measures1698 method1704 scheme1704 lines1760 outline1760 measure1767 restorative1821 ground plan1834 strategy1834 programme1837 ticket1842 project1849 outline plan1850 layout1867 draft1879 dart1882 lurk1916 schema1939 lick1955 1565 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1877) 1st Ser. I. 369 Thinking with that clok [of religion] to covir thair uther ungodlie disseignes. 1572 I. B. Let. Peopling & Inhabiting Ardes Cj.v I will open to you some what of my designe, and the reasons haue persuaded me therto. 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 61 The Emperour vndertaketh no high designe without his [sc. the Grand Signior's] approuement. 1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew ii. sig. E2 I..over-heard you in your queint designe, to new create your selves. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) ii. 1 Why do the Jews and Gentiles join To execute a vain Design? 1829 R. Southey Inscriptions Caledonian Canal ii, in A. Cunningham Anniversary 196 What inexhaustive springs of public wealth The vast design required. 1875 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. II. xv. 293 The adaptability of his people to the execution of his design. 1907 Catholic Encycl. II. 440/2 It was no part of St. Benedict's design that his spiritual descendants should make a figure in the world as..pioneers of civilization, as revivers of agriculture, [etc.]. 1975 B. Reardon Liberalism & Trad. ix. 200 Gratry's ambitious design of a completed system of Christian philosophy was never quite accomplished. 2000 S. Cameron Dominican Republic Handbk. (Footprint) 171 Any remaining old buildings were torn down by Balaguer..as part of his grand design to make the Samaná Peninsula into a huge tourist resort. 2. a. Chiefly with on, upon. A plan to attack someone or something; an inclination or plot to gain possession of something, esp. in a cunning or devious manner; (also) in extended use: such a plot or inclination to attract or win a person's love. Now chiefly in plural. Frequently in to have designs on. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot devicec1290 wanlace1303 conjecturea1464 machinationa1475 practice1533 draught1535 plot?c1550 plat1584 design1590 contrivement1608 intrigo1648 complotment1660 underplot1668 contrivance1689 intrigue1692 scheme1719 infanglement1753 fix-up1832 1590 tr. Coppie of Anti-Spaniard 23 Who..contriued all his desseines vppon the ruine and ouerthrowe of our poore France? 1648 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Gualdo Priorato Hist. Late Warres xiv. 422 Crequi..suspecting that the Spaniards designes might bee upon Rossegnano, Moncalvo, and Pontestura. 1690 J. Locke Two Treat. Govt. (Laslett ed.) II. §16 A sedate setled Design, upon another Mans Life. 1705 C. Cibber Careless Husband ii. i. 13 To be in Love now is only having a Design upon a Woman, a modish way of declaring War against her Virtue. 1777 E. Pendleton Let. 13 Sept. in Lett. & Papers (1967) I. 223 The Governor and Council or General must have received some Intelligence of the Enemy's designs upon that quarter, or they would not have carried the Northward men so far South. 1859 E. Bulwer-Lytton What will he do with It? (1st Edinb. ed.) I. i. i. 5 He..had..no designs on your pocket. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 579/2 The emperor..suspected Peter of harbouring murderous designs against his son. 1981 M. Moorcock Byzantium Endures v. 113 Esmé clutched my arm so tightly..that I began to suspect she had designs on me. 2002 D. Levitas Terrorist Next Door xxxiv. 244 They have designs on my farm, my neighbour's farm. They have designs on the whole earth. b. A stratagem or scheme involving cunning or hypocrisy. Also as a mass noun: scheming of this kind. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > skill or skilfulness > cunning > [noun] > contrivance or machination artc1300 enginec1300 compassc1320 governaila1382 subtletya1393 imaginement1543 machinationc1550 stratagem1561 designing1566 packing1587 Machiavellism1592 design1594 drifting1602 Machiavellianism1607 artifice1618 reach1641 contrivance1647 intrigue1668 designfulnessa1677 engineering1716 manoeuvring1786 scheme1790 intriguery1815 intriguing1841 footwork1902 game playing1916 1594 I. T. tr. T. Watson Ould Facioned Love iii. 14 He flies with wings and ioies in false designes. 1620 N. Brent tr. P. Sarpi Hist. Councel of Trent ii. 142 Those that had vnderstanding, were discouered to haue deseignes, and hard to be gouerned. 1680 H. Prideaux Lett. (1875) 81 Those rogues have designes goeing on, but if the King will but put on a little rigour he may easyly quel them. 1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 247 A..faithful..Servant..without Passions, Sullenness or Designs. 1796 Bp. R. Watson Apol. for Bible 276 If this mistake proceeds from design you are still less fit. 1840 A. Strickland Lives Queens of Eng. I. 320 He resolved to detain the lady prisoner in his fortress till she complied with his proposal. Eleanora suspected his design. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. v. 119 'T was all deceit, and lying, false design! 1910 M. Macbeth Winning Game viii. 64 Leslie wondered whether by any Satanic intuition he guessed that she had led him there by dark design. 2005 F. Dallmayr Small Wonder x. 202 Aware of their scheming design, Jesus urged them to produce a piece of money. 3. a. In weakened sense: a purpose, an aim, an intention. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose willeOE highOE thoughtOE intent?c1225 achesounc1230 attenta1250 couragec1320 devicec1320 minda1325 studya1382 understanding1382 suggestionc1390 meaninga1393 i-minda1400 minta1400 tent1399 castc1400 ettlingc1400 affecta1425 advicec1425 intention1430 purposec1430 proposea1450 intendment1450 supposing?c1450 pretensionc1456 intellectionc1460 zeal1492 hest?a1513 minting?a1513 institute?1520 intendingc1525 mindfulness1530 cogitationa1538 fordrift1549 forecast1549 designing1566 tention1587 levela1591 intendiment1595 design1597 suppose1597 aim1598 regarda1616 idea1617 contemplationa1631 speculation1631 view1634 way of thinking1650 designation1658 tend1663 would1753 predetermination1764 will to art1920 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. ii. 198 That it would please thee leaue these sad designes, To him that hath more cause to be a mourner. View more context for this quotation 1656 B. Harris tr. J. N. de Parival Hist. Iron Age i. iv. viii. 112 They who ask reliefe, have one designe; and he who gives it, another. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals vi, in tr. Virgil Wks. 27 He..demands On what design the Boys had bound his hands. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. iii. 46 The Design of this Chapter is to inquire, how far this is the Case. 1792 B. Munchhausen's Trav. xxx. 135 They extended an elephant's hide, tanned and prepared for the design, across the summit of the tower. 1830 Reg. Pennsylvania Aug. 128/2 Their design is to communicate, in familiar language, such kinds of information. 1866 G. MacDonald Ann. Quiet Neighb. (1878) xxxiii. 564 My design had been to go at once to London. 1916 Out West Mag. July 29/2 Any organization..whose design is to give advantages to its members that are not possessed by the general public, is obviously iniquitous. 1990 H. V. Savitch in J. Bellush & D. Netzer Urban Politics N.Y. Style ix. 262 Koch helped establish the New York City Partnership,..whose design was to promote business growth. ΚΠ 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 61 My Design was, to the North Part of the Island. 4. That which is aimed at; an end in view; an ultimate goal or purpose. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [noun] > intention or purpose > end, purpose, or object willeOE errand?c1225 purposec1300 endc1305 emprisec1330 intentc1340 use1340 conclusionc1374 studya1382 pointc1385 causec1386 gamea1393 term?c1400 businessc1405 finec1405 intentionc1410 object?a1425 obtent?a1475 drift1526 intend1526 respect1528 flight1530 finality?1541 stop1551 scope1559 butt?1571 bent1579 aiming point1587 pursuitc1592 aim1595 devotion1597 meaning1605 maina1610 attempt1610 design1615 purport1616 terminusa1617 intendment1635 pretence1649 ettle1790 big (also great) idea1846 objective1878 objective1882 the name of the game1910 the object of the exercise1958 thrust1968 1615 in J. R. N. Macphail Highland Papers (1920) III. 219 For no uther desing bott only for saiftie of my avin puir lyfe. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. i. 55 Wither'd Murther..towards his designe Moues like a Ghost. View more context for this quotation 1657 O. Cromwell in W. B. Scoones Four Cent. Eng. Lett. 86 We desire..that the design be Dunkirk rather than Grauelines. 1711 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 24 Mar. (1965) I. 95 Happynesse is the natural design of all the World. 1770 C. Jenner Placid Man (1773) I. 120 Lion-hunting..being the whole end and design of travelling. 1833 T. Chalmers On Power Wisdom & Goodness of God I. iv. 177 Virtue was the design of our Creation. 1878 Metrop. Pulpit June 270/1 Church music has only one design, and that is devotion. 1914 T. J. Sullivan Merchants & Manufacturers on Trial xvi. 125 Slavery allows the master..to resist that improvement which is the design..of the Creator. 1996 M. Dean in A. Barry et al. Foucault & Polit. Reason x. 224 A fourth set of questions concerns the telos of government, that is, the aim, end, goal or design. 5. Fulfilment of a prearranged plan; adaptation of means to an end. Chiefly in theological contexts, with reference to the belief that the universe manifests divine forethought and testifies to an intelligent creator, usually identified as God (cf. intelligent design n., argument from design n. at Phrases 3). ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > premeditation aforethoughta1400 forethoughta1400 premeditation?a1475 designment1570 preconsideration1593 predeliberationa1631 fore-plot1641 premeditatedness1659 design1665 precausation1670 contrivance1695 preconfiguration1830 precontrivance1832 designfulness1867 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 141 Either out of Design, or Simplicity. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. ii. Concl. 289 Ten thousand thousand Instances of Design, cannot but prove a Designer. 1796 E. Burke Thoughts Prospect Regicide Peace 39 Nothing in the Revolution..was left to accident. All was the result of design; all was matter of institution. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Maud xxiii. i, in Maud & Other Poems 76 What a lovely shell,..With delicate spire and whorl, How exquisitely minute, A miracle of design! 1860 C. Darwin Let. 22 May in Life & Lett. (1887) II. 105 I cannot see as plainly as others do..evidence of design and beneficence on all sides of us. 1922 C. A. Beckwith Idea of God vi. 127 The teleological argument proceeds on the basis that the presence of ends in nature is a proof of design, and from design thus indicated is drawn the inference of a designer. 1981 C. Birch & J. B. Cobb Liberation of Life (1984) ii. 50 So much of our structural design, particularly the skeleton, evolved from quadruped life. 2006 R. Dawkins God Delusion (2008) 24 The illusion of design in the living world..is explained by Darwinian natural selection. II. An artistic sketch, and related senses. 6. A preliminary drawing or sketch; a plan, outline, or model produced to show the look or function of a building, machine, or other object before it is made or built. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > working drawing draught1577 design1624 draft1678 setting-out1848 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. i. 50 Errors euer occurring more easily in the management of grosse Materials, then Lineall Designes. 1645 N. Stone Enchiridion of Fortification Table sig. F3v Profile, an Italian word for that designe that showes the side..of any work. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 15 'Tis usual..for any person before he begins to Erect a Building, to have Designs or Draughts drawn upon Paper..in which Designs..each Floor or Story is Delineated. 1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §278 The necessary designs for the iron rails of the balcony. 1821 W. M. Craig Lect. Drawing i. 29 That these itinerant workmen had a certain set of designs, or rather patterns, handed down from generation to generation. 1898 Overland Monthly Feb. 152 (caption) A design in rough for the proposed monument of Balboa. 1924 Boys' Life Nov. 23/1 We have sent word to all the Lone Scout artists on record asking them to submit a design for a new Merit medal. 1950 J. Rood Sculpt. in Wood 64 You have, I hope, made a design of your own and not followed the one shown here. 2010 J. O'Connor Mastering Mental Ray ix. 272 It is rare for an architectural project to come to us and stay the way that the initial designs detailed. 7. a. The art of drawing or sketching; (hence) the process, practice, or art of devising, planning, or constructing something (as a work of art, structure, device, etc.) according to aesthetic or functional criteria; (also) this as a subject of study or examination.graphic, industrial, interior, product, web design, etc.: see the first element. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [noun] arts of imitation1638 design1638 art1668 fine arts1686 imitative arts1753 designation1796 fine art1804 beaux arts1821 visual art1857 machine art1945 picturedom1945 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 271 [From] Designe and Proportion..we should proceed to Colour. 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura sig. b8 (contents) Passions expressible by the art of Designe. 1753 W. Hogarth Anal. Beauty ii. 17 Variety uncomposed, and without design, is confusion and deformity. 1768 Scots Mag. Dec. 664/1 The principal object..is to be the establishment of well-regulated schools of design, where students in the arts may find..instruction. 1788 T. Pownall Notices & Descr. Antiq. Provincia Romana of Gaul p. x Sieur Schneyder, the Master of Design to the College. 1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §25. 9 Design or the graphic art..produces by means of light and shade the appearance of bodies on a surface. 1877 W. C. Unwin (title) The elements of machine design. 1919 G. M. Whipple Classes for Gifted Children 127 Two were students in the Department of Art and Design of the University of Illinois. 1976 R. Dawkins Selfish Gene (1978) ix. 171 A fashion in women's clothes, or in American car design. 1983 Pop. Sci. Sept. 82/2 The long, frustrating years of design and development..were over. 2003 K. Cole Footnotes 58 Having gone from law school to a career in design might have seemed like a leap. b. The completed product or result of this process; the arrangement of features in something planned or produced according to aesthetic or functional criteria; a particular shape, style, or model. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > work of art > [noun] > artistically conceived design device1399 designment1570 designc1660 c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 139 That which made me desirous of seeing this Palace was the extravagance of the designe. a1697 J. Aubrey Nat. Hist. Surrey (1718) II. 53 A noble and most curious Monument of white and vein'd Italian Marble, of a beautiful Design, and well perform'd. 1756 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. I. 501 The gardens of Caprorola are likewise of an elegant design. 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. Prol. p. v Simplicity and grandeur of design. 1851 D. Wilson Archæol. & Prehistoric Ann. Scotl. iii. v. 433 A silver bracelet, of a rarer and more artistic design. 1895 Electr. Engineer 1 Mar. 270/1 They have on view samples of their newest designs in gas and electric light fittings. 1913 E. C. Vivian Hist. Aeronaut. xiii. 197 In 1913 a machine of his design, a tractor byplane, raised the British height record to 13,000 feet. 1988 Organbuilder May 26/2 The Cremona..is a consequence of the peculiar design of the Chair organ. 2010 Vanity Fair (N.Y.) Sept. 166/1 The new Aquariva retains the look of the classic lake-boat design. c. A decorative pattern. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > pattern or design > [noun] device1399 vicea1400 work?a1475 pattern1581 sleight1590 figure1609 design1670 wile1849 patterning1860 key band1881 maggot1925 1670 Sir S. Crow Let. 3 May in 12th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1890) App. v. 15 Theire ordnary designes..beeing deformed and mishapen. 1787 New Lady's Mag. Jan. 53/1 The petticoat..embroidered with a beautiful design of stones, fringe, and foils. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xix. 224 To admire the designs on the enamelled silver centres. 1884 Times 20 Sept. 6/1 It is the design that sells the cloth. 1909 G. W. James Indian Basketry xii. 191 A Quinaielt basket bore a certain design, a favorite pattern in the tribe. 1973 R. L. Fox Alexander the Great i. ii. 31 One of their later mosaic floors probably took its design of centaurs from a painting. 2009 M. Wood Laura Ashley 36 (caption) An early apron printed with a design similar to those used on tea towels. Phrases P1. by (also out of, †on, †upon) design: on purpose, deliberately, intentionally; frequently contrasted with accident n. 7. [After Middle French, French par dessein (1592 in the passage translated in quot. 1603), perhaps itself after Italian per disegno (a1566). Compare Italian a disegno (1603).] ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > [adverb] willesOE with one's willc1175 willes and waldesc1225 adviselya1325 wittinglya1340 wilfullyc1374 witting1377 a-purposea1382 of purpose (also (out) of (a) (set) purpose)a1382 wilfulc1381 willingly1402 of intention1430 knowingly1435 advisedlyc1449 deliberately1471 purpensely1472 purposely1495 prepensedly1496 purpensedly1496 purposedlya1540 proposely?1550 studiously1567 on (also upon) purpose1569 on set purpose1569 of industry1575 affectedly1582 premeditatelya1595 deliberatively1598 consultively1599 intentionallya1673 affectionally1603 by (also out of, on, upon) design1603 intentionately1609 industriouslya1616 perpensedly1624 intendedlya1641 unspontaneously1640 industrously1643 consultedly1645 consideringly1647 designedly1652 premeditatedly1653 wittily1653 intendingly1678 premeditatinglya1679 self-consciously1685 propensely1694 thinkingly1705 accidentally on purpose1711 affectionatelya1716 prepensely?1725 systematically1744 advertently1745 systemically1761 reflectively1775 purposefullya1854 meaningly1867 aimfully1870 purposively1878 designingly1879 proposedly1887 1603 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. i. xl. 127 The greatest number of Philosophers are found to have either by designe [Fr. par dessein] prevented, or hastned and furthered their deaths. 1628 T. Hobbes tr. Thucydides Peloponnesian War (1822) 65 The man being upon design gone..into Sanctuary. 1650 T. Fuller Pisgah-sight of Palestine ii. xii. 261 On design to extirpate all the smiths in Israel. 1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 141 Either out of Design, or Simplicity. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. Pref. 4 I have on design avoided all laboured periods. 1769 Junius Lett. (1771) I. xiii. 65 It is not that you do wrong by design, but that you should never do right by mistake. 1816 Monthly Repos. Sept. 528/1 No man by design injures his circumstances, few by design injure their health. 1867 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. App. 627 William, whether by accident or by design, was not admitted. 1879 Sabbath School Mag. 1 Jan. 14 All this was done on design. 1930 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 35 1109 Whether by design, or unconsciously, Park has not touched..on the use of the life-history procedure as an instrument of natural science. 1983 A. Alland Playing with Form 192 Young children often produce effective representations..of human beings by accident rather than by design. 2003 N. Atkin Forgotten French i. 15 Most had come to Britain not out of design..but by chance. P2. in (also under) design: at the planning stage; in the process of being designed. ΚΠ 1645 D. Buchanan Short Rel. Main Passages of Things 20 It is the custome of the wise Court, to have, at one and the same time, divers undertakings in designe. 1702 R. Stephens in F. Bacon Lett. Introd. p. vi Materials..to be added, towards the erecting that new Fabrick of the Sciences which he had long had in Design. 1809 Cobbett's Compl. Coll. State Trials IV. 650 Waller..was the principal actor and contriver of this Plot, which was in design when he and the other commissioners were at Oxford. 1873 Morning Post 8 Aug. 4/5 The question of the width and size of docks was raised..on the occasion of the Director of Works' proposal as to the size of the docks then under design. 1949 Bull. Atomic Scientists Mar. 81/2 This has been under design at the Argonne National Laboratory for the past two years. 2008 M. Bennett in S. Schaltegger et al. Environmental Managem. Accounting for Cleaner Production xxv. 446 The new system..was in design at the time of this research but was only subsequently implemented. P3. argument from design n. Theology an argument for the existence of an intelligent creator (usually identified as God) based on perceived evidence of deliberate design in the natural or physical world (cf. sense 5). ΚΠ 1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. ii. 12 The argument from design remains as it was. 1880 H. A. Mott Was Man Created? 138 The Teleological Argument, or argument from design or final causes, is as follows: Design, or the adaptation of means to effect an end, implies the exercise of intelligence and free choice. 1920 I. Edman Human Traits & their Social Significance xii. 318 The arguments from design..were, if not disproved, at least rendered dubious. 1987 V. P. Dawson Nature's Enigma 73 Both works placed great emphasis on the argument from design. 2001 D. Z. Phillips Relig. & Hermeneutics of Contempl. 7 While Hume revealed the bankruptcy of the argument from design, he could not see beyond it. P4. arts of design n. now archaic and historical arts in which preliminary drawings or sketches play a principal part, such as painting, sculpture, or architecture. ΚΠ a1652 I. Jones Most Notable Antiq. called Stone-Heng (1655) 1 Being naturally inclined in my younger years to study the Arts of Designe, I passed into forrain parts to converse with the great Masters thereof in Italy. 1797 Monthly Mag. Mar. 185/2 Those arts of design, of which the Royal Academy of London is now so illustrious a school. 1841 W. Osburn Antiq. Egypt x. ii. 218 The arts of design flourished greatly under these Pharaohs. 1889 Photogr. Times 3 May 220/1 I shall attempt to show what the true art in photography is, and how it differs from the arts of design. 1995 G. Bull Michelangelo (1998) 117 The pope favoured literature rather more than the arts of design. Compounds C1. a. General attributive (in sense 7), as design course, design student, design studio, design team, etc. ΚΠ 1860 Brit. Controversialist 3rd Ser. 3 71/2 A design class, though commenced late in the season, made great progress. 1894 Leeds Mercury 13 Sept. 3/3 The design studio..is in close proximity to the textile museum..[since] a large number of students are studying art as applied to the decoration of woven fabrics. 1911 Arts & Decoration Jan. 121/3 A design course of two years. 1920 School Arts Feb. 344/1 The design students..may work out little problems in wood right in the classroom. 1937 Textile Mercury & Argus 16 July 63/2 Latch-hook design. This design motif..is the characteristic mark of Caucasian rugs and carpets. 1951 J. Lewin Considerations Choice Working Stresses (Assoc. Engin. & Shipbuilding Draughtsmen) i. 7 If the stress corresponding to failure which a material can withstand is denoted by f , the design stress is given by f/n where n is called a factor of safety. 1973 Gramophone Jan. 1433/3 The paper..discussed the design concept and production processes of the BRC 70 and 80 series. 1985 Personal Computer World Feb. 41 (advt.) Its colour graphics..make it welcome in design studios. 1993 D. A. Norman Things that make us Smart 105 The design team should start by considering the tasks that the artifact is intended to serve and the people who will use it. 2011 Daily Tel. 19 Aug. 5/6 David scored straight As in design technology, maths and physics. b. design consultancy n. ΚΠ 1956 Financial Times 19 Mar. 6/7 Your Midland Representative's article ‘Industry's Need of Draughtsmen’..is an outspoken attack against the design consultancy profession. 2007 M. Hespe Industr. Design 59 At a design consultancy, you can use all your design skills to turn concepts into reality. design consultant n. ΚΠ 1942 N. C. Meier Art in Human Affairs ii. 52 The newest steel-and-leather furniture may be in accordance with the recommendations of the highest paid design consultants. 2001 S. Walton You heard it through Grapevine i. 10 The design consultants..had reconfigured everything from the letterhead to the colour of the seats in reception. design engineer n. ΚΠ 1897 M. A. Dubois Hist., Organisation & Results 11 in Proc. Internat. Railway Congr. 1895 4 Besides the documents published by the Commission and a report by M. Morandicre, design engineer.., and by M. Lancrenon, assistant chief engineer.., [etc.]. 1964 F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers iii. 49 Not infrequently, a design engineer will ask the logical designer to make alterations for various reasons. 2004 Contract Jrnl. 14 Jan. 14/5 To deal with the complex load cases specified by the design engineers, Tarmac Precast used de-bonding techniques during manufacture. design feature n. ΚΠ 1929 Pop. Mechanics June 886 (caption) A larger cabin and improved streamline design feature. 1959 Princ. Forced Circulation in Hot Water Heating Syst. (1960) 8 This method may be used for houses..with normal design features for windows and doors. 2001 C. Friend in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 29 Think about the possibilities for generating ‘pet appeal’—the design feature which makes us ‘fall in love’ with products. design flaw n. ΚΠ 1941 Scribner's Commentator June 47/1 It wasn't long before he happened upon the remedy, eliminating a serious design flaw that had stumped the best engineering brains analyzing the problem. 2003 T. J. Parenty Digital Def. v. 51 Researchers found a design flaw in the algorithm used to encrypt cellular telephone calls in the United States, which meant anyone with a computer and a scanner could listen in. design phase n. ΚΠ 1922 Army Ordnance July–Aug. 149/2 In passing from the development or design phase to that of manufacture, I wish to call to your attention the necessity of knowing..the types of ammunition required. 2001 K. B. Hall & G. A. Porterfield Community by Design i. iii. 50 You might say that if you have a good program you have already begun the design phase. design process n. ΚΠ 1923 Pop. Mech. Apr. 624/2 Too great accuracy is not to be expected at any point in the design process here outlined. 1948 Jrnl. Architect. Educ. (Assoc. Collegiate Schools Architect.) 3 64 I disagree with the idea that conception of construction as a design process tends to cellularization. 2005 N. Gershenfeld Fab 122 Sketches can be scanned into a computer as a starting point in the design process. design stage n. ΚΠ 1920 L. Bairstow Appl. Aerodynamics ii. 55 Such phenomena..are reproduced in the model with sufficient accuracy for the phenomena to be kept under control in the design stages of a flying boat. 1988 Proc. 8th Internat. Custom Microelectronics Conf. xiii. 1 Should delays occur due to problems encountered in the design stage, product launch dates will slip. 2004 P. Hymers New Home Builder iv. 76 You might think it is a bit premature at the design stage to be thinking of digging foundations, but there is a reason why you need to consider this early on. C2. design argument n. = argument from design n. at Phrases 3. ΚΠ 1843 Oracle of Reason No. 58 47/1 Investigation of the ‘Design’ argument. 1912 F. J. McConnell Increase of Faith ii. 54 Even though we abjure altogether the old-and-fast design arguments, we cannot get away from the suggestions of mental activity in the presence of arrangement. 2009 S. C. Meyer Signature in Cell (2010) xvii. 383 Hume refuted the classical design argument in biology by showing that it depends on a flawed analogy between living forms and human artifacts. design automation n. Computing and Electronics (more fully electronic design automation) the use of computer software to automatically design electronic systems, esp. integrated circuits; frequently attributive. ΚΠ 1959 Managem. Sci. 6 (end matter) Computer programming at IBM is being extended to include many new areas—such as orbit computation,..design automation, [etc.]. 1992 Microelectronics Jrnl. 23 318/1 Perhaps the weakest chapter in comparison with the remainder is the final one covering design automation and verification. 2008 H. Kaeslin Digital Integrated Circuit Design i. 29 The VLSI [sc. very-large-scale integration] industry long ago became entirely dependent on electronic design automation (EDA) software. design book n. a book containing drawings, sketches, or examples of decorative patterns; (also) a book about the art or process of design (sense 7). ΚΠ 1842 Preston Chron. & Lancs. Advertiser 23 July 1/1 Design books may also be inspected at Skerton and Scotforth Marble Mills. 1936 Burlington Mag. Nov. 235/2 The silversmiths appear to have had in their minds the forms depicted in German design-books. 2007 T. Sikes Artful Home 32 Your photo would look right at home in the pages of a design book or magazine. design conscious adj. aware of or interested in design (sense 7). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > [adjective] > having interest in design design conscious1946 1946 Times 5 Feb. 3/1 (advt.) Cornercroft have always been design-conscious. 1960 Guardian 30 Sept. 10/2 Plagiarism..is a rare headache to the design-conscious Scandinavian nations. 2003 M. J. Crosbie Multi-family Housing 174 Neighbourhood residents are affluent, politically active, and design conscious. design-led adj. motivated or driven by design considerations, esp. with regard to aesthetic or functional criteria, rather than commercial or consumer requirements (sometimes opposed to demand- or market-led). ΚΠ 1983 Guardian 22 Mar. 13/4 British managers have a view of culture and aesthetics which is inimical to producing design-led products. 1995 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 14 Mar. (Late ed.) 14 Other architects..look down on their work, seeing it as severely compromised by commercial demands, as mindless and market-driven rather than design-led. 2009 M. Beverland Building Brand Authenticity 118 Research suggests design-led firms have a culture that embeds design thinking throughout the firm. design life n. the period of time during which a device, system, etc., is expected to function correctly. ΚΠ 1922 Gen. Electric Rev. 25 424 The design life on these lamps is 1200 hours. 1978 New Scientist 7 Dec. 747/2 The packaging in which bulbs are sold should carry information on..the design life of the lamp. 2010 Herald (Glasgow) (Nexis) 26 May 15 Over their 60-year design life the two nuclear plants would deliver 1,577 TW [= terawatt]-hours of electricity. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). designv.α. Middle English–1700s designe, 1500s–1600s desine, 1500s–1600s desyne, 1500s– design. β. 1500s–1600s desseign, 1500s–1600s desseigne, 1500s–1600s dessign, 1500s–1600s dessigne, 1500s–1600s disseigne, 1500s–1600s dissign, 1500s–1600s dissigne. I. To mark out, nominate, appoint, designate. a. transitive. To point out or represent by some distinctive sign, mark, or token; to indicate, signify. Also with forth, out, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > designation > designate [verb (transitive)] seala1225 designa1398 representa1645 sign1654 ticket1654 designate1677 signature1740 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xix. cxxvii. 1369 God is creatour and makere of alle, and is designed [L. designatur] in a cercle. c1450 Art Nombryng in R. Steele Earliest Arithm. in Eng. (1922) 40 The nombre multiplying..is designede aduerbially. 1595 E. Spenser Amoretti lxxiv, in Amoretti & Epithalamion sig. E6v Most happy letters..With which that happy name was first desynd. 1610 J. Donne Pseudo-martyr x. 313 The Sunne which designes Priesthod, is so much bigger then the Moone. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 117 The Forme..being vsuall..with such Substantiues to designe out the subiect denominated of the Adiectiue. 1641 tr. F. Cupisse Blind Guide Forsaken 37 Designing forth unto us the place whither hee is ascended. 1668 C. Sedley Mulberry-garden i. ii Those Cravats that design the Right Honourable. 1755 tr. J.-B. Bossuet Universal Hist. II. i. 11 The Messiah..was..exhibited as God in the singular number, and absolutely after the same manner in which the creator is designed to us. b. intransitive with object implied. To indicate. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1606 W. Warner Continuance Albions Eng. xiv. lxxxviii. 360 Euen so As had their Oracles of them dissigned long ago. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > intelligibility > meaning > meaning of linguistic unit > mean, signify, express [verb (transitive)] tokenc888 meaneOE sayOE bequeathc1175 signifya1382 beara1400 bemeana1400 soundc1400 designc1429 applyc1450 betoken1502 express1526 conveya1568 intend1572 carry1584 denotate1597 pronounce1610 to set out1628 implya1640 speak1645 denote1668 designate1741 describe1808 enunciate1859 read1894 c1429 Mirour Mans Saluacioune (1986) l. 2588 Be the forsaide citee the werld is wele prefigured, And be the citezeins mankinde is noght wronge designed. a1456 ( J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 699 Þe arke of God..designeþe..Grace. 1548 G. Joye tr. A. Osiander Coniectures Ende of Worlde iv. sig. G Letters of the Hebrewes designe certaine noumbers, as do our Latyn letters..signifye our noumbers. 1630 G. Hakewill Apologie (ed. 2) (advt.) sig. Bbb3v If the numerall..be an adverb, then it designeth so many hundred thousand. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1954) VII. 368 A few lines of cyphers will designe and expresse that number. 1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy (1647) 138 Names which did designe temporary offices. 3. transitive. To point out by name or by descriptive phrase; (Law) to specify (a person) by title, profession, trade, etc.; to designate, name, style. Now rare.Sometimes with direct object and complement: to name (a person or thing) (something). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as sayOE calla1250 deemc1400 nevenc1425 qualify?1465 designa1500 expound1530 style1570 read1590 intenda1599 dub1607 instyle1607 phrase1607 enstyle1616 speaka1625 cognominate1632 determine1653 clapa1657 designate1669 intimate1799 nominate1799 bedub1884 tab1924 a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 145 Marie Jacobi þe Lasse is designyd and rehersid in the gospell after the nominacion of Marie Magdaleyne. 1587 J. Bridges Def. Govt. Church of Eng. xi. 939 By this name he designeth Pastors, and whosoeuer were appointed to the gouernement of the Church. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. iii. §1. 213 Hee left his Kingdome to the worthiest, as designing Perdiccas. 1621 Knolles's Gen. Hist. Turkes (ed. 3) 1311 Willing the Turks to designe the partie which had thrown the stone. 1752 Scots Mag. Nov. 541/2 Whether they are designed by name, or by any other description,..the pursuers know nothing in law that can hinder such obligation. 1794 R. J. Sulivan View of Nature II. 393 Voltaire..in designing Geneva, called it la petite République voisine de ses terres. 1814 R. Southey Roderick xviii. 231 The plains Burgensian..ere long To be design'd Castille. 1874 Act 37 & 38 Vict. c. 94 §38 The writer..is not named or designed. 1907 Compl. Syst. Conveyancing (Juridical Soc. Edinb.) (ed. 6) I. 738 For that end to pay to L, M, and N (name and design trustees), as trustees. 2003 E. D. Brown in S. R. Grubbs Internat. Civil Procedure 599 If the contract provides that the dispute is to be referred to a person who is named or designed. 4. transitive. To appoint to some office, function, or position; to designate, nominate, name (a person) as something, or for some role. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > appoint a person to an office [verb (transitive)] > nominate nameOE nevenc1425 nominate1556 design1564 voice1594 designatea1616 tap1952 1564 N. Haward tr. Eutropius Briefe Chron. vii. sig. L.v Octauianus,..whom Cesar had adopted, and by hys laste will designed to be his heire. 1596 T. Bell Suruey Popery iii. xii. 509 The priest was designed ouer the penitents in euerie church. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 160 A perpetuall and vnquencheable fire, for the watching whereof, were Dogges designed. 1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. xvi. 671/1 Where Election designeth the Successor. a1649 W. Drummond Hist. James V in Wks. (1711) 113 The Commission..in which he is designed Lieutenant. 1701 N. Rowe Ambitious Step-mother ii. i. 555 Great, just and merciful, such as Mankind..would have design'd a King. 1844 R. Sears New & Compl. Hist. Holy Bible (ed. 2) ii. 479 John, who was designed as his [sc. Jesus's] forerunner in the ministry. 1936 G. P. Gooch Before War 291 The Tsar informed him that..he was designed as his [sc. Lamsdorff's] successor. 5. transitive. To appoint or assign (something) (to a person); to make over, bestow, grant, give. Frequently (and in later use only) in Scots Law: to set apart (a manse or glebe) for the use of a minister. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > transfer of property > transfer [verb (transitive)] assign1297 bequeathc1305 alienc1400 analy1405 releasea1425 alienate?a1475 to make over1478 convey1495 transport1523 to put over1542 dispone?1548 design1573 pass1587 to set over1594 transfer1598 abalienate1646 attorn1649 demise1670 enure1736 to will away1773 divest1790 1573 in Rec. Parl. Scotl. to 1707 (2007) A1573/1/6 Thay have appoyntit, markit and designit the said manse, with foure akaris..to the use of the minister..that sall..mister [read minister] at the said kirk. 1599 J. Davies Nosce Teipsum 99 Three kinds of life to her designed bee. 1608 Bp. J. King Serm. St. Maries Oxf. 8 Afterwardes when Michal was designed to him [sc. David]. 1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 257 Designing unto Musculus one of the principallest Churches. a1680 J. Glanvill Saducismus Triumphatus (1681) ii. 296 The Spirit's name which he designed her was Locas. 1771 E. Kimber & R. Johnson Wotton's Baronetage of Eng. III. 344 A colony there [sc. in America], to which the aid of these knights was designed. 1785 W. Cowper Task vi. 580 Nature..when she form'd, designed them an abode. 1834 P. Shaw Digest Cases Supreme Courts Scotl. 122/1 A minister cannot insist..on having a grass glebe designed to him out of kirk-lands..where a glebe equally good..can be allotted to him out of other lands. 1906 Sc. Law Rev. 22 210 In 1827 the then minister of St. Leonard's parish applied to the Presbytery of St. Andrews to have a glebe designed to him. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > give [verb (transitive)] > intend to give design1582 1582 Annot. (1 John v. 16) in Bible (Rheims) 687 The temporal punishment and affliction which he had designed for them. 1664 J. Dryden Rival Ladies Ded. sig. A2 This worthless Present was design'd you, long before it was a Play. 1666 J. Dryden Ann. Mirab. (1667) lx. 16 Their mounting shot is on our sails design'd: Deep in their hulls our deadly bullets light. 1673 in O. Airy Essex Papers (1890) I. 153 Trear. designes the place to Orrery, but I am confident it will never be. 1701 Pennsylvania Arch. I. 142 I fully design'd you a visit. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World ii. 70 What Present I had design'd for her. 1833 H. Martineau Brooke & Brooke Farm (ed. 3) ii. 22 Hearing what favours were designed for his boy. 1861 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 403 These fragments are designed for the German, rather than the English reader. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > necessity > fate or destiny as determining events > predestine or predetermine [verb (transitive)] > one's lot ordainc1384 fortune1390 allot1566 design1593 number1611 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares 23 a Because I am Christ the iust, therfore you will designe me to the Crosse vniustly. 1624 P. Massinger Bond-man iv. ii. sig. H This well-built Citie, not long since design'd To spoyle and rapine. 1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building 15 The Duke..designed in his Will ten Thousand Gilders..to..alter what he had Built amisse. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 127 Neither yet need those who are designed to Divinity it self, fear to look into these Studies. 1747 in Colonial Rec. Pennsylvania (1851) V. 139 The Goods design'd as a Present to the Indians. 1880 E. C. Brewer Reader's Handbk. Allusions 31 Assad was thrown into a dungeon, where he was designed as a sacrifice to the fire-god. II. To plan in the mind, intend. 8. transitive (frequently in passive). To intend (a thing) to be or do something; to mean to serve some purpose or fulfil some plan.Now often influenced by branch III. a. With infinitive as complement (in early use also with noun complement). ΚΠ 1567 J. Jewel Def. Apol. Churche Eng. i. ix. 68 Dialectical disputation, whiche..is desined, not to haue power to prooue, but..to destroie and disproue. 1679 J. Moxon Mech. Exercises I. viii. 141 So far as you design the Balcony to project. 1733 Earl of Orrery in Duncombe's Lett. (1773) II. 35 The wood-walk, which I designed a labyrinth, is almost finished. 1779 W. Cowper Let. 21 Sept. (1979) I. 303 I have Glazed the two Frames designed to receive my Pine Plants. 1801 M. Edgeworth Forester in Moral Tales I. 143 With one..kick, designed to express his contempt. 1860 W. F. Hook Lives Archbps. I. i. 18 The emperors designed it to be a general council. 1974 D. Hart-Davis Peter Fleming iv. 75 The trip as a whole was designed to be..a general look round. 2009 C. Foster Selfless Gene ii. 24 Morris's remark was designed to offend and provoke, and it did. b. With prepositional phrase as complement. ΚΠ 1650 P. Herbert Certaine Conceptions 193 It [sc. heaven] is designed for a perpetuall habitation of his own glory. 1670 J. Dryden Tyrannick Love iii. i. 21 You are not for obscurity design'd: But, like the Sun, must cheer all human-kind. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 86 Ask of Politicians the End for which Laws were originally designed; and they will answer, that the Laws were designed as a Protection for the Poor and Weak. 1766 O. Goldsmith Vicar of Wakefield II. ii. 38 The morning I designed for our departure. 1819 W. Scott Legend of Montrose iv, in Tales of my Landlord 3rd Ser. III. 207 A flask, designed for the refreshment of Lord Menteith. 1882 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. II. 21 The palace which Somerset designed for this splendid site. 1954 D. Eisenhower Let. 19 Mar. in P. Boyle Churchill-Eisenhower Corr. (1990) 125 That plan was designed primarily as a means of opening the door of world-wide discussion. 2010 J. C. Scott & K. Pearlman in J. C. Scott & D. H. Reynolds Handbk. Workplace Assessment xvii. 557 Archival performance measures..should be used advisedly, since they were not designed for this purpose. 9. a. transitive. To form a plan or scheme of; to conceive and arrange in the mind; to plan out mentally, contrive. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > plan [verb (transitive)] forethinkc897 bethinka1225 compass1297 contrivec1330 ordain1340 conjectc1380 imaginec1380 cast1382 ordaina1387 advisec1400 forecast1413 imagec1450 ordainc1450 project1477 foreminda1535 invent1539 aimc1540 practise1550 plat1556 trive1573 meditate1582 patterna1586 plot1589 platform1592 design1594 chew1600 forelay1605 to map out1618 to cut out1619 agitate1629 laya1631 plod1631 cut1645 calculate1654 concert1702 to scheme out1716 plan1718 model1725 to rough out1738 to lay out1741 plan1755 prethink1760 shape1823 programme1834 pre-plan1847 encompass1882 target1948 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits xiii. 218 The matters which they disseigne & worke with much wisdome. 1663 E. Waterhouse Fortescutus Illustratus iv. 70 Caesar Borgia fell so sick, that he could execute nothing he had designed. 1682 J. Bunyan Holy War 286 If the enemy..should design and plot our ruin. View more context for this quotation 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. v. 430 That he should begin his Journey..so unfit for Travel..if his going away was design'd the day before. 1795 R. Southey Vision Maid of Orleans i. 170 Eternal Wisdom deals Or peace to man, or misery, for his good Alike design'd. 1810 S. Rogers Voy. Columbus v. 21 He [sc. God] can suspend the laws himself design'd. 1903 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 311 Isaac Todhunter..was a striking case of a man designing a scheme of life and carrying it out systematically. 1954 W. Faulkner Fable 298 We had long ago designed marriage for him. b. In weakened use. To purpose, intend; (in passive) to be determined, resolved, minded. Now archaic and rare. (a) transitive. With infinitive as object. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] willeOE meaneOE minteOE i-muntec1000 thinkOE ettlea1200 intenta1300 meanc1330 forn-castc1374 intendc1374 ettlea1400 drive1425 proposec1425 purpose1433 attend1455 suppose1474 pretend1477 mindc1478 minda1513 pretence1565 appurpose1569 to drive at ——1574 thought to1578 hight1579 pretent1587 fore-intend1622 pre-intend1647 design1655 study1663 contemplate1794 purport1803 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 75 Great Queens, if you ere design to speak to mortalls, Make me acquainted with your rumbling voice. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. i. 80 How does the Devil know What 'twas that I design'd to do? 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 172 I design to go with you. 1760 J. Woodforde Diary 20 May (1924) I. 14 Went to Welch's of Wadham College, where we designed to sup and spend the evening. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 224 Those objects which we design to bequeath to posterity. 1956 P. O'Brian Golden Ocean (1996) vi. 110 They had designed to throw him to the Papal bull on the first Monday after the dark of the moon. (b) transitive. With simple object. ΚΠ 1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated Ep. Ded. 5 I designe no more than to demonstrate that [etc.]. 1701 D. Defoe True-born Englishman ii. 35 And yet he really designs no wrong. a1791 J. Wesley Serm. (1799) p. iii In truth I..designed nothing less. 1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. vi. 82 [Charles] designed inviting great artists to England. 1982 W. L. Morison John Austin iii. 68 The opposing theory is that the index is the utility of actions, because God designs the happiness of his creatures. (c) transitive. With clause as object. ΚΠ a1704 T. Brown Declam. Praise Wealth in Wks. (1707) I. i. 121 A Proclamation, That she design'd her Smiles should no more fall on the Unworthy. 1715 D. Defoe Family Instructor I. i. vii. 146 I did not design you should have heard. 1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. vi. 93 Charles appears to have designed that his Court should resemble the literary Court of the Medici. 1889 A. B. Hyde Story of Methodism xxi. 283 Mr. Wesley ordained Dr. Coke and Mr. Mather to be Bishops. He designed that they should ordain others. 1916 Rep. Decisions Industr. Accident Comm. Calif. 1915 II. App. 1047 Had the constitution..designed that the legislature could exercise a discretion in the matter,..it would have said so. 2000 N. K. Singh Ambedkar on Relig. vi. 217 It [sc. Brahmanism] did not design that they as a nation should be paralysed for action against a foreign nation. 10. a. transitive (in passive) and intransitive. Usually with for. To be bound for (a place); to intend to go or start. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (transitive)] > intend to go to design1622 1622 Let. 11 May in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1622–3 (1908) 82 The fleete designed for the coast of Mallabar have..diverted ther course. 1640 W. Habington Hist. Edward IV 6 They designed for London, hoping to finde it..utterly unable for defence. 1684 Lady Russell Lett. I. xv. 42 The question..when I design for Stratton. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 21 Ships..designed on long Voyages. 1712 E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 360 From Guam we design for Batavia. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade I. xii. 82 (heading) A caravan of woollen goods designed for that country [sc. Persia]. 1823 W. Scott Quentin Durward I. viii. 199 On the succeeding day we were designed for Amboise. 1845 T. Carlyle in O. Cromwell Lett. & Speeches I. 445 The new Lord Lieutenant had at first designed for Munster. 1909 M. H. Davis Flour & Wheat Trade European Countries & Levant 105 The surtax would apply if..American wheat or flour designed for France were first entered at Antwerp. ΚΠ 1694 E. Gibson Let. 4 June in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Lit. Men (1843) 224 And if he designs for Law, 'tis high time to begin. 1713 Spectator 6 Dec. 466 Instead of going to Italy, or elsewhere, one that designs for Portrait Painting ought to study in England. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > intend [verb (intransitive)] minOE howOE intenta1300 meana1375 intend1390 purposea1400 aimc1450 collime1677 design1749 1644 J. Maxwell Sacro-sancta Regum Majestas ii. 23 A woman by her choice and consent designeth her husband, but the maritall power and dominion is onely from God. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones V. xiv. vii. 163 To persuade the Mother..that you designed honourably. View more context for this quotation ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > consider, deliberate [verb (transitive)] i-thenchec897 showeOE i-mune971 thinkOE overthinkOE takec1175 umbethinkc1175 waltc1200 bethinkc1220 wend?c1225 weighc1380 delivera1382 peisea1382 considerc1385 musec1390 to look over ——a1393 advise?c1400 debatec1400 roll?c1400 revert?a1425 advertc1425 deliberc1425 movec1425 musec1425 revolvec1425 contemplec1429 overseec1440 to think overc1440 perpend1447 roil1447 pondera1450 to eat inc1450 involvec1470 ponderate?a1475 reputec1475 counterpoise1477 poisea1483 traversec1487 umbecast1487 digest1488 undercast1489 overhalec1500 rumble1519 volve?1520 compassa1522 recount1526 trutinate1528 cast1530 expend1531 ruminate1533 concoct1534 contemplate1538 deliberate1540 revolute1553 chawa1558 to turn over1568 cud1569 cogitate1570 huik1570 chew1579 meditatec1580 discourse1581 speculate1599 theorize1599 scance1603 verse1614 pensitate1623 agitate1629 spell1633 view1637 study1659 designa1676 introspect1683 troll1685 balance1692 to figure on or upon1837 reflect1862 mull1873 to mull over1874 scour1882 mill1905 a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) i. i. 18 Before he come to the Subject it self which he designes. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 11 So I, designing other themes, and call'd T' adorn the Sofa with eulogium. 1877 W. Bruce Comm. Revel. 87 Tell him that his natural Enemies are not designed in the promise. III. To fashion, sketch, draw, and related senses. 13. a. transitive. To make a sketch or outline of (an object or scene); to sketch, draw (something). In extended use: to outline, delineate. Now rare (poetic in later use). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (transitive)] writeeOE drawa1398 descrivec1400 describe1538 to draw forth1539 to set out1545 design1570 to draw out1576 detrain1587 lineate16.. linea1616 redraw1728 1570 J. Dee in H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. f. 326v Though this be easy to conceaue, yet I haue designed the figure..wherby you may instruct your imagination. 1638 F. Junius Painting of Ancients 290 A good invention well designed and seasonably coloured. c1660 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1644 (1955) II. 160 The Prospect was so tempting, that I could not forbeare to designe it with my Crayon. 1771 (title of plate by Benoist) View of the Grand Procession of the Scald Miserable Masons, Design'd as they were Drawn up..against Somerset House. 1782 Abbé Mann Let. 25 Nov. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eminent Literary Men (1843) (Camden) 421 Designing, painting..and describing every Fish. 1842 H. Rogers Introd. Burke's Wks. (1842) I. 11 For by knowing..what was to be done in every figure they designed, they naturally attained a freedom and spirit of outline. 1879 R. L. Stevenson Trav. with Donkey 211 The monstrous ribs and gullies of the mountain were faintly designed in the moonshine. 1936 R. Campbell Mithraic Emblems 19 A rose against the dawn, designing The skeleton. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > draw [verb (intransitive)] drawc1425 design1662 1662 J. Evelyn Sculptura v. 128 Unless he, that Copies, Design perfectly himself. 1671 R. McWard True Non-conformist 373 It hath been my endeavour so to draw and design in vive collours, that naming would appeare superfluous. 1761 New & Gen. Biogr. Dict. V. 418 He designed with greater freedom, coloured with more strength and beauty, gave a better relievo..to his figures. 1793 European Mag. & London Rev. Jan. 20/1 He was..adroit in performing every thing that he attempted; he designed with elegance; he was a little acquainted with music. 1859 J. Ruskin Two Paths i. 44 A painter designs when he chooses some things, refuses others, and arranges all. 1885 H. V. Barnett in Mag. of Art Sept. 454/1 She..began to design and to paint with delicacy, taste, and truth. 14. transitive. To plan and execute (a structure, work of art, etc.); to fashion with artistic skill; to furnish or adorn with a design. In later use merging with sense 15a (from which this sense is now often indistinguishable). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > fashion with artistic skill or decoration [verb (transitive)] design1667 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 clii. 39 The Weaver charm'd with what his Loom design'd. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Pastorals v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 23 Behold, four hallow'd Altars we design. 1703 R. Steele Tender Husband (1705) iii. ii. 29 However my Face is very prettily design'd today. 1853 C. Kingsley Hypatia I. v. 98 Did Christians..design its statues and its frescoes? 1865 J. Fergusson Hist. Archit. I. i. iv. v. 346 The Roman bridges were designed on the same grand scale as their aqueducts. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People i. §6. 52 A lady summons him..to design a robe which she is embroidering. 1922 D. Ainslie tr. B. Croce Aesthetic ii. vii. 258 In 1745 he [sc. Hogarth] designed a frontispiece for a volume of his engravings. 1988 M. Sendak Caldecott & Co. (1989) i. 53 Meggendorfer designed his pictures with the printed version in mind. 15. To produce (a design) (design n. 7b). a. transitive. (a) To make drawings for the construction or creation of (something, as a building, object, garment, etc.) according to certain aesthetic criteria; (b) to make plans for the production of (a device, product, etc.) according to structural or functional criteria (sometimes without the implication of aesthetic requirements); (c) (in extended use) to conceive, devise, plan (something immaterial, as a scheme, system, programme, etc.).Now the most common sense. Cf. also sense 8. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > make plan or diagram of [verb (transitive)] to set down in plat1508 to plat forth1556 delineate1579 plot1588 plat1589 trace1599 to line outa1616 lineament1638 to lay down1669 design1697 plan1734 draught1828 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis vii, in tr. Virgil Wks. 406 The Prince designs His new elected Seat, and draws the Lines. 1743 Peterhouse College Order in R. Willis & J. W. Clark Archit. Hist. Univ. Cambr. (1886) I. 37 In Consideration of his Designing..the new Building. 1797 Encycl. Brit. VII. 779/1 The first thing to be done, in order to paint or stain glass..is to design..the whole subject on paper. 1800 J. Dallaway Anecd. Arts Eng. i. vii. 155 The houses designed by him which front the Green Park. 1878 C. L. Norton & J. Habberton Canoeing in Kanuckia 27 He designed a boat..which was easy to paddle, which could be slept in, and in which he made many long cruises. 1893 Weekly Notes 28 89/1 To design and superintend the construction of the docks in question. 1899 J. Dimitry in C. A. Evans Confederate Mil. Hist. X. i. xviii. 195 Hood designed a campaign to lure Sherman from Atlanta. 1913 in P. Farrer Confid. Corr. on Cross Dressing (1997) 53 Paris..where one or two boys were taken..to learn to design dresses and draw fashion hats. 1933 Pop. Sci. Monthly Aug. 8 The aim..is to design and manufacture a vehicle that..will permit a price within the reach of thousands. 1967 Pop. Sci. Oct. 26/2 If the exact structure of proteins were known, it would be possible to design drugs to deal directly with certain body defects. 1979 R. G. Shoup Digital Video 2 88 The videographics system..was designed and built by Xerox in 1973 as an experiment in computer imagery. 1983 People 3 Oct. 92/2 They met in 1972 while filming Badlands—he designed the sets. 1985 H. Clark Textile Printing (1997) 15 (caption) ‘Brother Rabbit’ designed by William Morris in 1882. 1998 S. P. Sells Treating Tough Adolescent iii. viii. 218 The counselor collaborated with the probation officer, and together they designed a plan to empower the mother. 2010 Wall St. Jrnl. Oct.–Nov. (WSJ Mag.) 66/1 This soft leather handbag, designed by Coco Chanel in 1955,..made mattressed leather and leather-laced chain straps company hallmarks. b. transitive. With in, into, out. To add (a feature, improvement) or remove (a fault, flaw) as part of a design process. ΚΠ 1919 Printers' Ink 31 July 31/1 He will further seek to supplement this information by a study of the assembly blue prints of the several machine models..[so] that he may accurately determine the value and type of his product that can be designed into them. 1937 Life 3 May 53/1 (advt.) The many improvements..designed into them [sc. trucks] from the drawing board up. 1969 Daily Tel. 6 Feb. 1/2 This kind of excitation is present in all turbines, but to a tolerable extent. In this case it should have been designed out. 1998 Town & Country Planning 67 92/4 The White Paper ingeniously seeks to design out those institutional risks by focusing power in the individual figure of the Mayor. 2004 Observer 16 May (Food Monthly Suppl.) 24/2 ‘Nutraceutical’ supplements with claimed medicinal benefits are increasingly being designed into mainstream food recipes. 16. intransitive. To conceive and make drawings and plans for a building, device, product, etc.; to act as or be a designer. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > ornamental art and craft > fashion with artistic skill or decoration [verb (intransitive)] design1845 1845 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 8 179 It is clear that the architect could not be strictly said to design freely..: the rules by which he was to design were laid down for him with..precision. 1888 Building News 28 Sept. 473/2 The builder's personal interest is to make a profit, the architect's to design, and the motives by which these actions are controlled are of..opposite kinds. 1918 Man. Training Mag. Nov. 72/2 Pupils will be taught to design not to copy... The course will fall into at least eight sections: color design,..costume design, interior decoration, [etc.]. 1978 L. T. White Careers in Shanghai i. 48 This is a new concept in architecture, without which you cannot design well. 2009 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 21 Apr. d8 (advt.) A..graphics environment with..multiple artboards that invite you to explore more efficient ways to design. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < |
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