alternatingadj.

Brit.

/ˈɔːltəneɪtɪŋ/,

/ˈɒltəneɪtɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈɔltərˌneɪdɪŋ/,

/ˈɑltərˌneɪdɪŋ/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: alternate v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < alternate v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier alternate adj., alternant adj., alternative adj.

1. Of two or more things: that succeed each other by turns; = alternate adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > alternation > [adjective] > alternating

interchangeable1561

interchanginga1586

vicissitudinary1624

alternanta1638

reciprocalc1645

alternating1653

up and down1812

intercurrent1842

commutative1844

1653 D. Dickson Brief Explic. First 50 Psalms 3 A life composed of variety of Godly Exercises, and alternating vicissitudes of Conditions.

1751 B. Holloway Originals Physical & Theol. I. 199 The Heathens used to attribute this Effect by their Manner of Responses, and alternate Rebounds, in their Songs and Dances, to their alternating Gods.

1776 R. E. Raspe tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy vii. 76 The pleasing green of alternating cypresses, firs.., larch.., walnut, and olive-trees.

1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. iii. iii. 297 A land of alternating ridge and hollow.

1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xxix. 408 Alternating ebbs and flows.

1914 Science 13 Mar. 405/1 The alternating red and greenish-yellow shales and sandstones..are here very fossiliferous.

1937 F. Densmore in J. F. Dobie & M. C. Boatright Straight Texas 283 Dancers moved in alternating couples of two men and two women.

2005 K. Ascher The Works: Anat. of City i. i. 10 (caption) Chicanes involve building out curb lines on alternating sides of the street.

a. Of a series or whole: that alternates between two or more states; consisting of alternate elements; = alternate adj. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [adjective] > belonging to a series > constituted by alternate members

alternate1650

alternating1776

1776 R. E. Raspe tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy viii. 100 This table, being put with the larger end on the ground and shaking it, gives on both sides an alternating belly, but springs by an elastic motion and with a cracking sound into its former form.

1840 W. B. Rogers Rep. Progress Geol. Surv. State Virginia 1839 v. i. 84 The prolonged lines of parallel anticlinal and synclinal mountains and valleys, thus disposed in alternating arrangement upon its [sc. the Appalachian region's] surface.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 48 An alternating movement is thus kept up.

1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xiv. 190 The two species are arranged in some regular alternating pattern.

2000 Book May–June 74/3 Powers' alternating, parallaxlike structure denies the reader a Cavern-like immersion in either narrative.

b. Of an electric current: reversing direction at regular short intervals (many times a second), usually sinusoidally; (of a voltage) reversing phase similarly. Chiefly in alternating current, alternating voltage. Cf. a.c. n. at A n. Initialisms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun]

alternating current1833

alternate current1846

1833 Dublin Jrnl. Med. & Chem. Sci. 3 267 There is no perceivable difference whether we employ the current which always takes place in the same direction, or the alternating current.

1879 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1889) II. 428 M. Serrin modified his excellent lamp with the express view of enabling it to cope with alternating currents.

1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 249 The Ferranti alternating current generator.

1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) 355 In this process, molecular hydrogen passing through an alternating arc between two tungsten wires is split up into atomic hydrogen.

1962 A. Lytel Industr. Electronics ii. 38 These rectifiers..are used in power supplies to rectify or convert alternating current to direct current.

1992 Consumer Rep. Oct. 669/1 A dimmer control lowers the voltage to a light bulb by interrupting portions of each cycle of alternating voltage.

2001 S. Roaf et al. Ecohouse (2002) viii. 194 True alternating current, as produced by the electricity industry or the rotary inverter, has a smooth waveform.

c. Of a machine or device: designed to produce alternating current.

ΚΠ

1849 G. Bird Lect. Electr. & Galvanism v. 190 One of the conductors of the alternating machine might be applied to the neck, whilst the other is moved along the margins of the ribs.

1883 U.S. Patent 285,342 2/2 One series of spindles are adapted to make electrical contact with the traveling arm, and thus complete the circuit of the alternating generator.

1928 Science 14 Sept. 252/1 The Holmes machine, an alternating machine like the Alliance, came in 1857.

2005 R. D. Treloar Gas Installation Technol. xii. 426 Batteries and thermocouples..use d.c., whereas an alternating generator produces a.c.

3. Of one thing: that alternates with something else. rare.

ΚΠ

1841 J. Trimmer Pract. Geol. 180 Large masses which occupy extensive districts..without any other alternating rock.

2006 Independent 7 June (Extra section) 22/1 A less successful alternating narrative clunkily sketched the details of studio politics, their many films and several wives.

4. Mathematics. Of a function of two or more variables: that changes sign (but not absolute value) when two of its arguments are interchanged. [Probably ultimately after French fonction alternée (A.-L. Cauchy 1815).]

ΚΠ

1880 J. J. Sylvester in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 3 181 Such a function, without changing its arithmetical value, undergoes a change of sign when a substitution is made... [Note] To put the matter more clearly, call the alternating function F.

1912 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 13 282 This function is..an alternating function of u, v, and w.

1984 D. Hestenes & G. Sobczyk Clifford Algebra to Geom. Calculus (1987) i. 33 A determinant can be regarded as a special kind of alternating form.

1998 College Math. Jrnl. 29 391 The wedge product..is an alternating function (the sign changes whenever two terms are transposed).

Compounds

alternating gradient n. Physics an alternation in the direction of a magnetic field in passing from one magnet to another; (usually attributive) designating a type of synchrotron which utilizes magnets whose magnetic fields point in alternate directions, enabling the particles to be focused in both vertical and horizontal planes.

ΚΠ

1952 J. P. Blewett in Physical Rev. 88 1197 The defocusing forces can be compensated by magnetic or electric lenses of the alternating gradient type.

1980 Adv. in Electronics & Electron Physics 50 80 Strong focusing is provided by the alternating gradient of the quadrupole lenses.

1988 Nature 6 Oct. 500/2 The experiment..used the K⁺ beam at the Brook haven AGS (alternating gradient synchrotron) which is the best available.

2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey vi. 94 The successor to the Cosmotron, an accelerator known as the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron or AGS.

alternating group n. Mathematics the group of even permutations (permutation n. 3b) of a finite set.

ΚΠ

1886 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 8 275 The Borchardt moduli..are irrational to a considerable degree, and their group is 32—1-edric isomorphic with the alternating group of the x's.

1901 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 23 260 The transitive groups of degree 5..fall naturally into two categories, the first containing the symmetric group and its self-conjugate subgroup, the alternating group.

1990 Proc. London Math. Soc. 60 91 In the case of alternating groups, the nature of the Artin invariants is connected with, fittingly, the Artin conjecture.

alternating series n. Mathematics a series whose terms are alternately positive and negative.

ΚΠ

1817 J. Leslie Philos. Arithm. 201 The original fraction..is converted by substitution into the alternating series, [etc.].

1955 Ann. Math. Statistics 26 128 This expression is an alternating series which converges absolutely.

2000 Ann. Appl. Probability 10 648 The computation of the series can be greatly accelerated by the use of the Euler algorithm for alternating series.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	alternating
释义	alternatingn. Brit. /ˈɔːltəneɪtɪŋ/, /ˈɒltəneɪtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɔltərˌneɪdɪŋ/, /ˈɑltərˌneɪdɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: alternate v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < alternate v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier alternation n., and also earlier alternating adj. The action or result of alternate v.; alternation. ΚΠ 1710 tr. B. Telles Trav. Jesuits in Ethiopia i. ix. 45 These things put the Prince upon contriving, how he might once come by the Empire, without being subject to such Changes and alternating. 1833 J. G. Aikin Digest Laws State of Alabama 25 An Act relating to the alternating of the judges of the circuit courts of this state. 1872 Times 12 Oct. 11 The alternating of shallow-rooted with deep-rooted plants, the land having thus the great advantage of occasional cultivation. 1934 M. Moore Let. 16 June in Sel. Lett. (1997) 324 The alternating of effects—the careful and the free—is so pleasurable and invigorating, the litterer of Sunday newspapers does not deserve to be reformed so graciously. 1963 W. M. Frohock Rimbaud's Poetic Pract. vii. 134 The poet is so manifestly inattentive to such conventions as the alternating of masculine and feminine rhymes. 2005 M. F. Ippolito in M. E. Gorman et al. Sci. & Technol. Thinking x. 247 The solving of ill-defined problems requires the alternating of perceptual rehearsal and the distillation of inceptions. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online December 2021). alternatingadj. Brit. /ˈɔːltəneɪtɪŋ/, /ˈɒltəneɪtɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈɔltərˌneɪdɪŋ/, /ˈɑltərˌneɪdɪŋ/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: alternate v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < alternate v. + -ing suffix². Compare earlier alternate adj., alternant adj., alternative adj. 1. Of two or more things: that succeed each other by turns; = alternate adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > alternation > [adjective] > alternating interchangeable1561 interchanginga1586 vicissitudinary1624 alternanta1638 reciprocalc1645 alternating1653 up and down1812 intercurrent1842 commutative1844 1653 D. Dickson Brief Explic. First 50 Psalms 3 A life composed of variety of Godly Exercises, and alternating vicissitudes of Conditions. 1751 B. Holloway Originals Physical & Theol. I. 199 The Heathens used to attribute this Effect by their Manner of Responses, and alternate Rebounds, in their Songs and Dances, to their alternating Gods. 1776 R. E. Raspe tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy vii. 76 The pleasing green of alternating cypresses, firs.., larch.., walnut, and olive-trees. 1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. iii. iii. 297 A land of alternating ridge and hollow. 1846 R. C. Trench Notes Miracles xxix. 408 Alternating ebbs and flows. 1914 Science 13 Mar. 405/1 The alternating red and greenish-yellow shales and sandstones..are here very fossiliferous. 1937 F. Densmore in J. F. Dobie & M. C. Boatright Straight Texas 283 Dancers moved in alternating couples of two men and two women. 2005 K. Ascher The Works: Anat. of City i. i. 10 (caption) Chicanes involve building out curb lines on alternating sides of the street. 2. a. Of a series or whole: that alternates between two or more states; consisting of alternate elements; = alternate adj. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > order > order, sequence, or succession > [adjective] > belonging to a series > constituted by alternate members alternate1650 alternating1776 1776 R. E. Raspe tr. J. J. Ferber Trav. Italy viii. 100 This table, being put with the larger end on the ground and shaking it, gives on both sides an alternating belly, but springs by an elastic motion and with a cracking sound into its former form. 1840 W. B. Rogers Rep. Progress Geol. Surv. State Virginia 1839 v. i. 84 The prolonged lines of parallel anticlinal and synclinal mountains and valleys, thus disposed in alternating arrangement upon its [sc. the Appalachian region's] surface. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect Introd. ii. 48 An alternating movement is thus kept up. 1967 A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xiv. 190 The two species are arranged in some regular alternating pattern. 2000 Book May–June 74/3 Powers' alternating, parallaxlike structure denies the reader a Cavern-like immersion in either narrative. b. Of an electric current: reversing direction at regular short intervals (many times a second), usually sinusoidally; (of a voltage) reversing phase similarly. Chiefly in alternating current, alternating voltage. Cf. a.c. n. at A n. Initialisms. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > alternating current > [noun] alternating current1833 alternate current1846 1833 Dublin Jrnl. Med. & Chem. Sci. 3 267 There is no perceivable difference whether we employ the current which always takes place in the same direction, or the alternating current. 1879 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1889) II. 428 M. Serrin modified his excellent lamp with the express view of enabling it to cope with alternating currents. 1884 F. Krohn tr. G. Glaser de Cew Magneto- & Dynamo-electr. Machines 249 The Ferranti alternating current generator. 1936 E. A. Atkins & A. G. Walker Electr. Arc & Oxy-acetylene Welding (ed. 3) 355 In this process, molecular hydrogen passing through an alternating arc between two tungsten wires is split up into atomic hydrogen. 1962 A. Lytel Industr. Electronics ii. 38 These rectifiers..are used in power supplies to rectify or convert alternating current to direct current. 1992 Consumer Rep. Oct. 669/1 A dimmer control lowers the voltage to a light bulb by interrupting portions of each cycle of alternating voltage. 2001 S. Roaf et al. Ecohouse (2002) viii. 194 True alternating current, as produced by the electricity industry or the rotary inverter, has a smooth waveform. c. Of a machine or device: designed to produce alternating current. ΚΠ 1849 G. Bird Lect. Electr. & Galvanism v. 190 One of the conductors of the alternating machine might be applied to the neck, whilst the other is moved along the margins of the ribs. 1883 U.S. Patent 285,342 2/2 One series of spindles are adapted to make electrical contact with the traveling arm, and thus complete the circuit of the alternating generator. 1928 Science 14 Sept. 252/1 The Holmes machine, an alternating machine like the Alliance, came in 1857. 2005 R. D. Treloar Gas Installation Technol. xii. 426 Batteries and thermocouples..use d.c., whereas an alternating generator produces a.c. 3. Of one thing: that alternates with something else. rare. ΚΠ 1841 J. Trimmer Pract. Geol. 180 Large masses which occupy extensive districts..without any other alternating rock. 2006 Independent 7 June (Extra section) 22/1 A less successful alternating narrative clunkily sketched the details of studio politics, their many films and several wives. 4. Mathematics. Of a function of two or more variables: that changes sign (but not absolute value) when two of its arguments are interchanged. [Probably ultimately after French fonction alternée (A.-L. Cauchy 1815).] ΚΠ 1880 J. J. Sylvester in Amer. Jrnl. Math. 3 181 Such a function, without changing its arithmetical value, undergoes a change of sign when a substitution is made... [Note] To put the matter more clearly, call the alternating function F. 1912 Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 13 282 This function is..an alternating function of u, v, and w. 1984 D. Hestenes & G. Sobczyk Clifford Algebra to Geom. Calculus (1987) i. 33 A determinant can be regarded as a special kind of alternating form. 1998 College Math. Jrnl. 29 391 The wedge product..is an alternating function (the sign changes whenever two terms are transposed). Compounds alternating gradient n. Physics an alternation in the direction of a magnetic field in passing from one magnet to another; (usually attributive) designating a type of synchrotron which utilizes magnets whose magnetic fields point in alternate directions, enabling the particles to be focused in both vertical and horizontal planes. ΚΠ 1952 J. P. Blewett in Physical Rev. 88 1197 The defocusing forces can be compensated by magnetic or electric lenses of the alternating gradient type. 1980 Adv. in Electronics & Electron Physics 50 80 Strong focusing is provided by the alternating gradient of the quadrupole lenses. 1988 Nature 6 Oct. 500/2 The experiment..used the K⁺ beam at the Brook haven AGS (alternating gradient synchrotron) which is the best available. 2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey vi. 94 The successor to the Cosmotron, an accelerator known as the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron or AGS. alternating group n. Mathematics the group of even permutations (permutation n. 3b) of a finite set. ΚΠ 1886 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 8 275 The Borchardt moduli..are irrational to a considerable degree, and their group is 32—1-edric isomorphic with the alternating group of the x's. 1901 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 23 260 The transitive groups of degree 5..fall naturally into two categories, the first containing the symmetric group and its self-conjugate subgroup, the alternating group. 1990 Proc. London Math. Soc. 60 91 In the case of alternating groups, the nature of the Artin invariants is connected with, fittingly, the Artin conjecture. alternating series n. Mathematics a series whose terms are alternately positive and negative. ΚΠ 1817 J. Leslie Philos. Arithm. 201 The original fraction..is converted by substitution into the alternating series, [etc.]. 1955 Ann. Math. Statistics 26 128 This expression is an alternating series which converges absolutely. 2000 Ann. Appl. Probability 10 648 The computation of the series can be greatly accelerated by the use of the Euler algorithm for alternating series. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1710adj.1653
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alternatingn.

alternatingadj.

Compounds