demoralizationn.

Brit.

/dᵻˌmɒrəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/,

/dᵻˌmɒrl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S.

/dᵻˌmɔrələˈzeɪʃən/,

/dᵻˌmɔrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

Forms: 1700s– demoralization, 1800s– demoralisation.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: demoralize v., -ation suffix.

Etymology: < demoralize v. + -ation suffix, probably after French démoralisation (1796).

1. The action of undermining the morals or moral principles of a person, group, etc., or of weakening the beneficial moral influence of a given state of affairs; the state or fact of being morally corrupted in this way; moral corruption. Now somewhat archaic (chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [noun]

rusteOE

vice1297

corrumpciona1340

infectiona1398

corruptiona1400

foulinga1400

viciousness1440

inquination1447

turpitude1490

intoxicationa1513

pravitya1513

bracery1540

insincerity1548

corruptness1561

sophistication1564

faultiness1571

depravation1577

base-mindedness1582

mangling1585

reprobacy1591

uninnocence1593

vitiosity1603

turkessing1612

reprobancea1616

debauchedness1618

tortuosity1621

depravedness1623

deboistness1628

debauchness1640

depravity1646

corruptedness1648

moral turpitude1660

unprincipledness1792

demoralization1797

erosion1804

miscreancy1804

trituration1832

unwholesomeness1881

ne'er-do-wellism1891

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun]

degeneration?1481

declining1526

declination1533

depravation1561

villainy1564

declension1597

depravedness1623

decadency1632

degenerateness1640

depravity1643

depravement1645

degradation1663

degeneracy1664

degenerousness1678

marasmus1681

debasednessa1720

decadencea1734

demoralization1797

downgrade1857

decadentism1949

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [noun]

vitiating1647

villainizing1678

demoralization1797

1797 ‘English Lady’ Resid. in France II. 452 Thus, all the purposes for which this general demoralization was promoted being at length attained,..the expediency of a reform has lately been suggested.

1798 J. Morse Serm. Anniv. Thanksgiving 12 As a nation, we progress in impiety, demoralization, and licentiousness.

1809 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 2 115 It would be easy to shew..that the religion of the Koran necessarily produces this demoralization.

1910 Q. Rev. Apr. 429 Ostentation and oppression on the part of the rich with the sequelæ of vice, crime and demoralisation.

1918 R. Fry Let. 14 Oct. (1972) II. 390 Perhaps the worst of all the horrors of war is the abominable demoralization of the non-combatants.

1999 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 12 Aug. 2 Blame has been passed out to everyone for the demoralization of young people.

2. The state or fact of having lost confidence and hope; loss of morale. In early use chiefly in military contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > loss of morale

demoralization1814

1814 Royal Mil. Panorama Mar. 562 The advantages derived from the union of about 300,000 men surrounding the enemy on all points, the state of demoralization in his army, their distress for provisions, which, hemmed in as they are, must necessarily increase.

1877 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/5 His army is in a state of utter demoralisation and disorganization.

1915 D. Haig Diary 19 May in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 125 We want them to take the offensive, and press the Enemy hard as he is already showing signs of demoralisation.

1967 D. L. Thomas Plungers & Peacocks x. 201 By noon demoralization had set in.

2006 Private Eye 7 July 14/2 The resignations and demoralisation of so many dedicated and expert staff.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	demoralization
释义	demoralizationn. Brit. /dᵻˌmɒrəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, /dᵻˌmɒrl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/, U.S. /dᵻˌmɔrələˈzeɪʃən/, /dᵻˌmɔrəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/ Forms: 1700s– demoralization, 1800s– demoralisation. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; probably modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: demoralize v., -ation suffix. Etymology: < demoralize v. + -ation suffix, probably after French démoralisation (1796). 1. The action of undermining the morals or moral principles of a person, group, etc., or of weakening the beneficial moral influence of a given state of affairs; the state or fact of being morally corrupted in this way; moral corruption. Now somewhat archaic (chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [noun] rusteOE vice1297 corrumpciona1340 infectiona1398 corruptiona1400 foulinga1400 viciousness1440 inquination1447 turpitude1490 intoxicationa1513 pravitya1513 bracery1540 insincerity1548 corruptness1561 sophistication1564 faultiness1571 depravation1577 base-mindedness1582 mangling1585 reprobacy1591 uninnocence1593 vitiosity1603 turkessing1612 reprobancea1616 debauchedness1618 tortuosity1621 depravedness1623 deboistness1628 debauchness1640 depravity1646 corruptedness1648 moral turpitude1660 unprincipledness1792 demoralization1797 erosion1804 miscreancy1804 trituration1832 unwholesomeness1881 ne'er-do-wellism1891 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] degeneration?1481 declining1526 declination1533 depravation1561 villainy1564 declension1597 depravedness1623 decadency1632 degenerateness1640 depravity1643 depravement1645 degradation1663 degeneracy1664 degenerousness1678 marasmus1681 debasednessa1720 decadencea1734 demoralization1797 downgrade1857 decadentism1949 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > [noun] vitiating1647 villainizing1678 demoralization1797 1797 ‘English Lady’ Resid. in France II. 452 Thus, all the purposes for which this general demoralization was promoted being at length attained,..the expediency of a reform has lately been suggested. 1798 J. Morse Serm. Anniv. Thanksgiving 12 As a nation, we progress in impiety, demoralization, and licentiousness. 1809 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 2 115 It would be easy to shew..that the religion of the Koran necessarily produces this demoralization. 1910 Q. Rev. Apr. 429 Ostentation and oppression on the part of the rich with the sequelæ of vice, crime and demoralisation. 1918 R. Fry Let. 14 Oct. (1972) II. 390 Perhaps the worst of all the horrors of war is the abominable demoralization of the non-combatants. 1999 St. Petersburg (Florida) Times (Nexis) 12 Aug. 2 Blame has been passed out to everyone for the demoralization of young people. 2. The state or fact of having lost confidence and hope; loss of morale. In early use chiefly in military contexts. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > apprehension > [noun] > loss of morale demoralization1814 1814 Royal Mil. Panorama Mar. 562 The advantages derived from the union of about 300,000 men surrounding the enemy on all points, the state of demoralization in his army, their distress for provisions, which, hemmed in as they are, must necessarily increase. 1877 Daily News 5 Nov. 5/5 His army is in a state of utter demoralisation and disorganization. 1915 D. Haig Diary 19 May in War Diaries & Lett. 1914–18 (2005) 125 We want them to take the offensive, and press the Enemy hard as he is already showing signs of demoralisation. 1967 D. L. Thomas Plungers & Peacocks x. 201 By noon demoralization had set in. 2006 Private Eye 7 July 14/2 The resignations and demoralisation of so many dedicated and expert staff. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1797
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