dichroismn.

Brit.

/ˈdʌɪkrəʊɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈdaɪˌkroʊˌɪzəm/

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek δίχρους , δίχρως , -ism suffix.

Etymology: < either ancient Greek δίχρους (uncontracted δίχροος: see dichroous adj.) or δίχρως two-coloured (see dichroic adj.) + -ism suffix, apparently after dichroite n. Compare French dichroïsme (1820 or earlier), German Dichroismus (1821 or earlier).

Science.

The property of showing two different colours when viewed from different angles or in different circumstances; spec. the property of certain crystals, minerals, and solutions of absorbing or refracting differently light with different polarizations; an instance of this. Cf. dichroic adj.Dichroism is a particular instance of pleochroism, and the most frequent. It is the basis of some common polarizers (polaroids).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > variegation > [noun] > two colours

dichroism1819

dichromatism1836

bichrome1921

1819 D. Brewster in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 109 17 The exhibition of two colours in the same mineral by common light, was first seen in Iolite, and the Abbé Haüy had the boldness to give it the name of Dichroite from this property... This dichroism, as it may be called, which, so far as I know, has never been observed in any other minerals than iolite and mica, is a very common property of crystallized bodies.

1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 14 The dichroism of a solution of stramonium in æther.

1886 Builder 24 Apr. Dichroism, or pleochroism, practically never occurs in crystals belonging to the cubic system.

1896 A. Geikie Outl. Field-geol. (ed. 5) xvii. 239 To ascertain the dichroism of any mineral we remove the upper polarising prism and leave only the lower.

1903 Physical Rev. 17 300 Dr. Majorana also discovered magnetic dichroism, i. e., an unequal absorption of the light components parallel and perpendicular to the [magnetic] field.

1914 Exper. Station Rec. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 30 110 The reaction is indicated by a red coloration which changes to a violet green and finally to a blue having marked red dichroisms.

1948 R. M. Pearl Pop. Gemol. iii. 117 So intense is the dichroism of cordierite that the twin colors of the different rays of light passing through the gem can be seen without the aid of an instrument.

1953 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 220 472 Infra-red dichroisms have led to values of the bond-axis angle for individual bonds..in a fibre.

2011 G. C. Duree Optics for Dummies ix. 114 Dichroism is one way to produce linearly polarized light out of incident unpolarized, or natural, light.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dichroism
释义	dichroismn. Brit. /ˈdʌɪkrəʊɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈdaɪˌkroʊˌɪzəm/ Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek δίχρους , δίχρως , -ism suffix. Etymology: < either ancient Greek δίχρους (uncontracted δίχροος: see dichroous adj.) or δίχρως two-coloured (see dichroic adj.) + -ism suffix, apparently after dichroite n. Compare French dichroïsme (1820 or earlier), German Dichroismus (1821 or earlier). Science. The property of showing two different colours when viewed from different angles or in different circumstances; spec. the property of certain crystals, minerals, and solutions of absorbing or refracting differently light with different polarizations; an instance of this. Cf. dichroic adj.Dichroism is a particular instance of pleochroism, and the most frequent. It is the basis of some common polarizers (polaroids). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > variegation > [noun] > two colours dichroism1819 dichromatism1836 bichrome1921 1819 D. Brewster in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 109 17 The exhibition of two colours in the same mineral by common light, was first seen in Iolite, and the Abbé Haüy had the boldness to give it the name of Dichroite from this property... This dichroism, as it may be called, which, so far as I know, has never been observed in any other minerals than iolite and mica, is a very common property of crystallized bodies. 1843 Rep. Brit. Assoc. 14 The dichroism of a solution of stramonium in æther. 1886 Builder 24 Apr. Dichroism, or pleochroism, practically never occurs in crystals belonging to the cubic system. 1896 A. Geikie Outl. Field-geol. (ed. 5) xvii. 239 To ascertain the dichroism of any mineral we remove the upper polarising prism and leave only the lower. 1903 Physical Rev. 17 300 Dr. Majorana also discovered magnetic dichroism, i. e., an unequal absorption of the light components parallel and perpendicular to the [magnetic] field. 1914 Exper. Station Rec. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 30 110 The reaction is indicated by a red coloration which changes to a violet green and finally to a blue having marked red dichroisms. 1948 R. M. Pearl Pop. Gemol. iii. 117 So intense is the dichroism of cordierite that the twin colors of the different rays of light passing through the gem can be seen without the aid of an instrument. 1953 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 220 472 Infra-red dichroisms have led to values of the bond-axis angle for individual bonds..in a fibre. 2011 G. C. Duree Optics for Dummies ix. 114 Dichroism is one way to produce linearly polarized light out of incident unpolarized, or natural, light. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1819
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