-shipsuffix

Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element.

Forms: Old English -skiepe, -scipe, -scype, Anglian -scip, -sciop, Middle English -scep, Middle English -sip(e, Middle English -scip(e, Middle English -schipe, Middle English -schupe, Middle English -schippe, -shipe, -schyp, -schepe, -shep(e, -chipe, -chepe, Middle English–1500s -schip, -shyp, -shippe, Middle English -schuppe, -schepe, -chyp, -chep, Middle English–1500s -shyppe, Middle English–1600s -shipp, Middle English– -ship.

Etymology: In Old English *-sciepe , -skiepe (rare), -scipe , -scype , Anglian -scip, (occasionally -sciop ) strong masculine = Old Frisian -skipi , -skip , -schip (West Frisian -skip , -schip , North Frisian -skep , -skap ), Old Saxon -scepi , -scipi , Middle Low German, Middle Dutch -sc(h)ip , -sc(h)êpe , -sc(h)eep , -sc(h)êp , West Flemish -schip , -schepe < Germanic *skapi-z , < skap- to create, ordain, appoint (see shape v.). The ĭ of the stem-syllable of Old English scipe and the corresponding continental forms is apparently due to secondary influence of the umlaut, the change being probably favoured by the lack of stress. The related *skapo-z (masculine), *skapō (feminine), and *skapti-z shaft n.¹, meaning ‘creation, creature, constitution, condition’, were used in Germanic as the second element of compounds and as such assumed the function and meaning of a suffix equivalent to *skapi-z; these forms are represented by Old Saxon -skap (Middle Dutch, Dutch -schap), Old High German -scaf (feminine), later -scaft (Middle High German, German -schaft), Old Norse -skapr (Danish -skab, Swedish -skap); the alleged Old English landsceap is an error due to misreading. The abnormal forms of the suffix in Scots hussyskap , -skep , -skip (see housewifeship n.) may have a Low German or Dutch origin.

In certain uses the suffix lends itself more or less freely to the formation of nonce-words; selected instances of these are given below under the divisons to which they belong.

1. Added to adjectives and past participles to denote the state or condition of being so-and-so. Such compounds were numerous in Old English, and many survived (or were re-coined) in Middle English, but few have a history extending beyond the 15th century; e.g. Old English árodscipe briskness, dolscipe folly, druncenscipe drunkenship n., drunkship n. (Middle English), glædscipe gladship n., gódscipe goodship n., láþscipe hardship, prútscipe pride, shendship n. (Middle English), snelscipe boldness, wildship n. (Middle English), wódscipe madness. The only survivals of this formation now in common use are hardship n. (first in Ancren Riwle), and worship n. (Old English weorþscipe).

a. Added to nouns to denote the state or condition of being what is expressed by the noun, e.g. Old English féondscipe hostility, fiendship n., fréondscipe friendship n., þegnscipe thegn-ship n. at thegn n. Derivatives (cf. thaneship n.); authorship, fellowship, †knightship, partnership, sonship, suretyship.

ΚΠ

1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 89 Supposing that by Almighty power their Sunship and Moonship might be kept by them, without worldship.

a1832 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. Pref. to ed. 2, in Wks. (1843) I. 241/2 To assume and keep up the tone of juvenility and tyro-ship.

b. By extension, compounds of this kind, when the noun is the designation of a class of human being, assume the sense of the qualities or character associated with, or the skill or power of accomplishment of, the person denoted by the noun; e.g. Old English eorlscipe manliness, hláfordscipe domination, supremacy, lordship n., mannscipe humanity; craftsmanship, horsemanship, housewifeship, kingship, soldiership, workmanship.

ΚΠ

1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iii. x. 278 His wars against the Turks, and his other Hectorships, I will forget.

1879 J. Morley Burke vii. 142 The ideas of adventurership.

a. Added to nouns designating an official or person of rank to denote the office, position, dignity, or rank of the person designated, as Old English geréfscipe reeveship n.; ambassadorship, captainship, chaplainship, clerkship, headship, laureateship, professorship, sheriffship, stewardship. In the case of fellowship, scholarship, postmastership and the like, the compound has come to connote not only the office or position itself but the emoluments, etc., pertaining to it.

ΚΠ

1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 368/2 The Offices of Walstatship of Wydygada.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 350 John Fortham Bishop of Durham was discharged of the Treasorer-ship.

1625 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 262 By virtue of his Cust[os] Rotulorum-ship.

1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Apr. 5 There are now four A.R.A. ships vacant.

1895 Harper's Mag. Apr. 718/2 The positions they fill are the ‘judgeship’, the ‘searchership’, the ‘spankership’, and general ‘juryship’.

b. With possessive pronoun prefixed, the compounds ladyship, lordship, worship, have passed into honorific designations of the persons who are entitled to the style of ‘Lady’, ‘Lord’, ‘the Worshipful’. Hence the suffix has been freely employed to form mock titles or humorous styles of address, in which -ship is added to the ordinary designation of the person (or animal) or to a word expressing a quality which it is desired to emphasize for the nonce; this use has been extended even to adjectives (e.g. his uglyship) and adjectival phrases (e.g. his beyond-sea-ship).

ΚΠ

1575 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 94 Which I knowe not howe your soveraineioyeservantshipp would take.

1615 W. Hull Mirrour of Majestie Ep. Ded. sig. a2 One of their Holiships.

1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster iv. 41 I neuer lou'd his beyond-sea-shippe.

1682 T. Shadwell Lancashire-witches i. 2 I will..teach your Master of Artship.

1747 Fool (1748) II. 165 Thus his Grandship open'd.

1767 P. Gibbes Woman of Fashion I. 143 What a Chace has her Goddessship led me!

1807 T. Moore Mem. (1853) I. 229 I am beginning to talk too sentimentally for your wag-ship.

1827 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) I. 89 Non constat, as the lawyers say, that the voyagers venerated his monkeyship.

1829 T. C. Croker Legends Lakes I. xi. 230 Down he and the marchioness walk to the kitchen, and her marchionesship sets herself by the fireside.

1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xxi. 379 ‘Take that, your owlship,’ and I made a blow at him with the but-end.

1865 Public Opinion 21 Jan. 77/1 I have seen Dyticus rush upon a full-grown smooth newt, and no twistings and writhings of his eftship was of any avail.

1873 Forest & Stream I. 148/2 His Uglyship [viz. an alligator], all mouth and squirming tail.

1880 D. M. Mulock Dead Czar in Poems 42 You..may parade Your maggotship throughout the wondering world.

4. Added to nouns to denote a state of life, occupation, or behaviour, relating to or connected with what is denoted by the noun, e.g. Old English béorscipe feast (lit. ‘beer-ship’), byrdscipe child-bearing, werscipe married state. Compounds of this kind are rare in the later periods; courtship n. (first in Shakespeare) is the chief instance; countryship n., if it is not merely a shortening of countrymanship, may belong here.

5. Added to nouns forming compounds having a collective sense. These were numerous in Old English, e.g. burgscipe municipality, folcscipe nation, gieldscipe guild, þegnscipe body of retainers, þéodscipe people, wæterscipe piece of water. township n. (Old English túnscipe the inhabitants of a tún) is the one survival from the Old English period; the sense ‘domain of …’ which appears in lordship n. 2 is not of frequent occurrence.The following is a nonce-formation after township:—

ΚΠ

1768 A. Rose Let. 20 Sept. in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) (1771) 60 445 I took a jaunt to the Hottentots crawl-ships [= kraal-ships].

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	-ship
释义	-shipsuffix Primary stress is retained by the usual stressed syllable of the preceding element. Forms: Old English -skiepe, -scipe, -scype, Anglian -scip, -sciop, Middle English -scep, Middle English -sip(e, Middle English -scip(e, Middle English -schipe, Middle English -schupe, Middle English -schippe, -shipe, -schyp, -schepe, -shep(e, -chipe, -chepe, Middle English–1500s -schip, -shyp, -shippe, Middle English -schuppe, -schepe, -chyp, -chep, Middle English–1500s -shyppe, Middle English–1600s -shipp, Middle English– -ship. Etymology: In Old English -sciepe , -skiepe* (rare), -scipe , -scype , Anglian -scip, (occasionally -sciop ) strong masculine = Old Frisian -skipi , -skip , -schip (West Frisian -skip , -schip , North Frisian -skep , -skap ), Old Saxon -scepi , -scipi , Middle Low German, Middle Dutch -sc(h)ip , -sc(h)êpe , -sc(h)eep , -sc(h)êp , West Flemish -schip , -schepe < Germanic skapi-z , < skap-* to create, ordain, appoint (see shape v.). The ĭ of the stem-syllable of Old English scipe and the corresponding continental forms is apparently due to secondary influence of the umlaut, the change being probably favoured by the lack of stress. The related skapo-z (masculine), skapō (feminine), and skapti-z shaft n.¹, meaning ‘creation, creature, constitution, condition’, were used in Germanic as the second element of compounds and as such assumed the function and meaning of a suffix equivalent to skapi-z; these forms are represented by Old Saxon -skap (Middle Dutch, Dutch -schap), Old High German -scaf (feminine), later -scaft (Middle High German, German -schaft), Old Norse -skapr (Danish -skab, Swedish -skap); the alleged Old English landsceap is an error due to misreading. The abnormal forms of the suffix in Scots hussyskap , -skep , -skip (see housewifeship n.) may have a Low German or Dutch origin. In certain uses the suffix lends itself more or less freely to the formation of nonce-words; selected instances of these are given below under the divisons to which they belong. 1. Added to adjectives and past participles to denote the state or condition of being so-and-so. Such compounds were numerous in Old English, and many survived (or were re-coined) in Middle English, but few have a history extending beyond the 15th century; e.g. Old English árodscipe briskness, dolscipe folly, druncenscipe drunkenship n., drunkship n. (Middle English), glædscipe gladship n., gódscipe goodship n., láþscipe hardship, prútscipe pride, shendship n. (Middle English), snelscipe boldness, wildship n. (Middle English), wódscipe madness. The only survivals of this formation now in common use are hardship n. (first in Ancren Riwle), and worship n. (Old English weorþscipe). 2. a. Added to nouns to denote the state or condition of being what is expressed by the noun, e.g. Old English féondscipe hostility, fiendship n., fréondscipe friendship n., þegnscipe thegn-ship n. at thegn n. Derivatives (cf. thaneship n.); authorship, fellowship, †knightship, partnership, sonship, suretyship. ΚΠ 1674 N. Fairfax Treat. Bulk & Selvedge 89 Supposing that by Almighty power their Sunship and Moonship might be kept by them, without worldship. a1832 J. Bentham Fragm. on Govt. Pref. to ed. 2, in Wks. (1843) I. 241/2 To assume and keep up the tone of juvenility and tyro-ship. b. By extension, compounds of this kind, when the noun is the designation of a class of human being, assume the sense of the qualities or character associated with, or the skill or power of accomplishment of, the person denoted by the noun; e.g. Old English eorlscipe manliness, hláfordscipe domination, supremacy, lordship n., mannscipe humanity; craftsmanship, horsemanship, housewifeship, kingship, soldiership, workmanship. ΚΠ 1858 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia I. iii. x. 278 His wars against the Turks, and his other Hectorships, I will forget. 1879 J. Morley Burke vii. 142 The ideas of adventurership. 3. a. Added to nouns designating an official or person of rank to denote the office, position, dignity, or rank of the person designated, as Old English geréfscipe reeveship n.; ambassadorship, captainship, chaplainship, clerkship, headship, laureateship, professorship, sheriffship, stewardship. In the case of fellowship, scholarship, postmastership and the like, the compound has come to connote not only the office or position itself but the emoluments, etc., pertaining to it. ΚΠ 1485 Rolls of Parl. VI. 368/2 The Offices of Walstatship of Wydygada. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 350 John Fortham Bishop of Durham was discharged of the Treasorer-ship. 1625 in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 262 By virtue of his Cust[os] Rotulorum-ship. 1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 9 Apr. 5 There are now four A.R.A. ships vacant. 1895 Harper's Mag. Apr. 718/2 The positions they fill are the ‘judgeship’, the ‘searchership’, the ‘spankership’, and general ‘juryship’. b. With possessive pronoun prefixed, the compounds ladyship, lordship, worship, have passed into honorific designations of the persons who are entitled to the style of ‘Lady’, ‘Lord’, ‘the Worshipful’. Hence the suffix has been freely employed to form mock titles or humorous styles of address, in which -ship is added to the ordinary designation of the person (or animal) or to a word expressing a quality which it is desired to emphasize for the nonce; this use has been extended even to adjectives (e.g. his uglyship) and adjectival phrases (e.g. his beyond-sea-ship). ΚΠ 1575 G. Harvey Let.-bk. (1884) 94 Which I knowe not howe your soveraineioyeservantshipp would take. 1615 W. Hull Mirrour of Majestie Ep. Ded. sig. a2 One of their Holiships. 1620 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Phylaster iv. 41 I neuer lou'd his beyond-sea-shippe. 1682 T. Shadwell Lancashire-witches i. 2 I will..teach your Master of Artship. 1747 Fool (1748) II. 165 Thus his Grandship open'd. 1767 P. Gibbes Woman of Fashion I. 143 What a Chace has her Goddessship led me! 1807 T. Moore Mem. (1853) I. 229 I am beginning to talk too sentimentally for your wag-ship. 1827 A. W. Fonblanque Eng. under Seven Admin. (1837) I. 89 Non constat, as the lawyers say, that the voyagers venerated his monkeyship. 1829 T. C. Croker Legends Lakes I. xi. 230 Down he and the marchioness walk to the kitchen, and her marchionesship sets herself by the fireside. 1836 M. Scott Cruise of Midge xxi. 379 ‘Take that, your owlship,’ and I made a blow at him with the but-end. 1865 Public Opinion 21 Jan. 77/1 I have seen Dyticus rush upon a full-grown smooth newt, and no twistings and writhings of his eftship was of any avail. 1873 Forest & Stream I. 148/2 His Uglyship [viz. an alligator], all mouth and squirming tail. 1880 D. M. Mulock Dead Czar in Poems 42 You..may parade Your maggotship throughout the wondering world. 4. Added to nouns to denote a state of life, occupation, or behaviour, relating to or connected with what is denoted by the noun, e.g. Old English béorscipe feast (lit. ‘beer-ship’), byrdscipe child-bearing, werscipe married state. Compounds of this kind are rare in the later periods; courtship n. (first in Shakespeare) is the chief instance; countryship n., if it is not merely a shortening of countrymanship, may belong here. 5. Added to nouns forming compounds having a collective sense. These were numerous in Old English, e.g. burgscipe municipality, folcscipe nation, gieldscipe guild, þegnscipe body of retainers, þéodscipe people, wæterscipe piece of water. township n. (Old English túnscipe the inhabitants of a tún) is the one survival from the Old English period; the sense ‘domain of …’ which appears in lordship n. 2 is not of frequent occurrence.The following is a nonce-formation after township:— ΚΠ 1768 A. Rose Let. 20 Sept. in Philos. Trans. 1770 (Royal Soc.) (1771) 60 445 I took a jaunt to the Hottentots crawl-ships [= kraal-ships]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1914; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < suffix1485
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