devolutionn.

Brit.

/ˌdiːvəˈl(j)uːʃn/,

/ˌdɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/, U.S.

/ˌdɛvəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/

Etymology: < medieval Latin dēvolūtiōn-em, noun of action < Latin dēvolvĕre to roll down: see devolve v. and -ion suffix¹.

I. From the intransitive senses of the verb.

1. literal. Rolling down; descending or falling with rolling motion. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > rolling down

devolution1623

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Deuolution, a rolling downe.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 54 Deterrations, or the Devolution of Earth down upon the Valleys, from the Hills.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 235 This Deterration..or Devolution of Earth and Sand from the Mountains.

2. figurative. The rolling or passing on of time; descent or passing on through a series of revolutions or stages, in time, order, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > [noun] > course or passage of time

process1357

concoursec1400

coursec1460

successionc1485

passing-by1523

by-passing1526

slacka1533

continuancea1552

race1565

prolapse1585

current1587

decurse1593

passage1596

drifting1610

flux1612

effluxion1621

transcursion1622

decursion1629

devolution1629

progression1646

efflux1647

preterition1647

processus1648

decurrence1659

progress1664

fluxation1710

elapsing1720

currency1726

lapse1758

elapse1793

time-lapse1864

wearing1876

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > gradual change > [noun]

devolution1629

induction1638

graduality1646

development1756

evolution1796

transition1800

evolvement1801

shading-off1858

transitioning1955

1629 T. Jackson Treat. Divine Essence ii. 151 The possible devolutions or alternations of the resonable creature from his antecedent will to his consequent.

1651 ‘A. B.’ tr. L. Lessius Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost 157 After a long devolution of years fulfilled.

1826 C. Butler Life Grotius i. 3 (heading) Boundaries and Devolution of the Empire of Germany during the Carlovingian Dynasty.

1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 50 400 Everybody's price of corn must depend on this descent, or devolution as we call it, through ranges of different machinery.

1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 541 The ‘devolution’ of foreign agriculture upon lower qualities of land and consequently its permanent exaltation in price.

3. Descent by natural or due succession from one to another, of property, or (figurative) of qualities, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by

successiona1325

devolution1545

devolvinga1674

1545 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. New Test. Pref. 11 By a moste just and right deuolucion, and dyscent of inheritaunce of the crounes of Englande, Fraunce, and Irelande.

1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes vii. f. 291 The legacie is lost without hope of deuolution thereof to the executors or administrators.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1957) III. 86 Now for the riches themselves..he may have them ex traduce, by devolution from his parents.

1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino ix. 2 If Kings by Jus Divinum wear the Crown, By nat'ral Devolution handed down.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xvi. 442 The party of lord Danby..asserted a devolution of the crown on the princess of Orange.

1862 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 4) 16 A force cannot originate otherwise than by devolution from some pre-existing force or forces.

a. The passing of any unexercised right to the one upon whom it devolves if allowed to lapse.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > reversion > [noun] > devolving of unexercised right

devolution1593

1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 349 To loose their right..by devolution, when they neglected their time aboue sixe monethes.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 129 A thousand other Artifices to get money. As Provisions, Collations, Exemptions, Canonisations, Divolutions, Revocations.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Devolution..a falling into lapse.

1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 337 An Empty Fellow..whom the Archbp. of Cant. Dr. Tennison, put into the Society upon the Devolution to him of that Power.

1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 331 If it [election of Warden of New Coll.] be not determin'd within 12 Days there will be a Devolution.

1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 62 Vacating the place or office, and a devolution of the right of election for that turn to the crown.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. vii. 73 The popes soon assumed not only a right of decision, but of devolution; that is, of supplying the want of election..by a nomination of their own.

1872 W. H. Jervis Gallican Church I. Introd. 23 (note) ‘Devolution’ signifies the lapse of a benefice to the Pope, by reason of failure on the part of the patron to present a clerk duly qualified.

†b. The passing of jurisdiction upon appeal. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [noun] > appeal

appeal1297

redress1467

reclamation1501

appellationa1513

devolution1593

1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 11 All matters without exception pertaine to Christ's tribunal originally, and not by way of devolution.

a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) ii. 44 The Jurisdiction exercised in those Courts is derived from the Crown of England, and..the last Devolution is to the King, by Way of Appeal.

1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iv. xx. 363 Nor shall any Devolution or Appeal be lodged with the Apostolical See.

1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 74 The Appeal operates the Effect of a Devolution; because it devolves the cause to a Superiour Judge.

c. Scots Law. (See quot. 1861.)

ΚΠ

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Devolution is a term sometimes applied to the reference made by two or more arbiters who differ in opinion, to an oversman or umpire, to determine the difference. To confer this power on arbiters, an express clause in the submission is necessary. The term is also applied to the devolution of a purchase made under articles of roup upon the next highest offerer, on the failure of the highest offerer to find caution for payment of the price within the time limited by the articles.

5. The passing of the power or authority of one person or body to another.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > [noun] > passing of authority from one to another

devolution1765

devolvement1892

1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 162 This devolution of power, to the people at large, includes in it a dissolution of the whole form of government established by that people.

1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xiv. 259 The complete exclusion..of any notion of a devolution of authority from the sovereign people.

6. Biology (opposed to evolution n.): Degeneration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > degeneration

devolution1882

involution1896

1882 H. S. Carpenter in Homilet. Monthly Sept. 688 If there be e-volution, there surely is de-volution, a degradation of the species.

1892 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 709 Psychical disease, the progress of which in contrast with evolution is called devolution.

II. From the transitive senses of the verb.

†7. The action of throwing down. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > throwing down

devolution1663

dejection1681

1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim 303 In those submissions and devolutions of ourselues before our Lord.

8. figurative. The causing of anything to descend or fall upon (any one); the handing (of anything) on to a successor.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > handing down to successor

fall1579

devolution1627

1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 358 2. The Suspension of his iudgement for life; 3 And the Deuolution of it vpon Iehoram.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi v. ii. 49/1 A Devolution of certain Burdens, on the Heads of such, as were treated with it.

1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 489 A devolution of sovereignty either partial or total, by aged men upon their heirs.

a. The causing of authority, duties, or the like to fall upon a substitute or substitutes; esp. the delegation or leaving of portions or details of duties to subordinate officers or committees.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > [noun] > delegation of authority > of duties, etc., to subordinates

devolution1780

1780 T. Jefferson Let. 9 June in Papers (1951) III. 426 Disappointments which flowed from the devolution of his duties on Deputies acting without a head.

1878 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 189 To lighten the cares of the central Legislature by judicious devolution.

1880 W. E. Gladstone Speech in Comm. 28 Feb. The day when there may be wisely devised, and successfully carried through the House an important and effectual measure for the devolution of such portions of its powers as may be safely devolved, with the view of lightening its duties.

1888 W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 6 Nov. 6/2 They were passed by the Grand Committees—passed by the method of what is called devolution.

1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 15 The management of this great service is nothing more than a carefully arranged system of devolution combined with watchful supervision.

b. The transfer of powers from a central government to local or regional administration; (later) esp. (British Politics) the transfer of some powers from Westminster to (proposed) Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish assemblies.ⓘIn the United Kingdom, devolution now usually refers to the arrangements established under the Scotland Act 1998 (see Holyrood n.²), the Government of Wales Act 1998 (see Welsh Assembly n.), and the Northern Ireland Act 1998. Devolution was also used to describe the form of government designed for Northern Ireland between 1922 and 1972 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 with its (Stormont) Parliament and Government (see Stormont n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > devolution

devolution1889

1889 G. B. Clark in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 335 72 I think the only solution of the present state of affairs in this House is to have devolution upon lines of nationality.

1904 W. S. Churchill in Times 19 Oct. 5/5 The Irish demand and the Welsh demand for devolution ought not to go forward separately, but together hand in hand.

1929 J. Barr in Hansard Commons 10 July 957 I am not emphasising particularly Scottish Home Rule, because I recognise that in all parts of this House there are those who think that some measure of devolution is necessary.

1954 Rep. Royal Comm. Sc. Affairs 109 in Parl. Papers 1953–4 (Cmd. 9212) XIX. 1 In 1939 the opening of St. Andrew's House as the headquarters of Scottish administration marked the culmination of a steady process of administrative devolution and transfer of staff from London.

1971 Times 19 Mar. 21/3 The form of devolution that is peculiar to that corner of the United Kingdom [sc. Northern Ireland] will have to be changed.

1995 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 18/4 Nothing seems more depressing..than to witness the prospect of Tony Blair heading down the path of devolution, which can lead only to greater fractionalisation.

2006 Guardian 22 Mar. i. 34/3 The bill gives Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales the opportunity to opt out if they want to. Isn't that what devolution is all about?

2014 Yorks. Post 7 Nov. 13/2 Unfortunately the Chancellor's decision to make Manchester the flagship city for regional devolution..is proving to be highly divisive.

2021 Scotsman (Nexis) 14 Apr. (headline) Health spending in Scotland has fallen since devolution, claims new report.

†10. Mathematics. = evolution n. 4b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > root > extraction of

extraction1557

evolution1674

devolution1690

1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus 343 Eduction of the Lesser Root by Devolution.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	devolution
释义	devolutionn. Brit. /ˌdiːvəˈl(j)uːʃn/, /ˌdɛvəˈl(j)uːʃn/, U.S. /ˌdɛvəˈl(j)uʃ(ə)n/ Etymology: < medieval Latin dēvolūtiōn-em, noun of action < Latin dēvolvĕre to roll down: see devolve v. and -ion suffix¹. I. From the intransitive senses of the verb. 1. literal. Rolling down; descending or falling with rolling motion. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > rolling down devolution1623 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. Deuolution, a rolling downe. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 54 Deterrations, or the Devolution of Earth down upon the Valleys, from the Hills. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 235 This Deterration..or Devolution of Earth and Sand from the Mountains. 2. figurative. The rolling or passing on of time; descent or passing on through a series of revolutions or stages, in time, order, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > time > [noun] > course or passage of time process1357 concoursec1400 coursec1460 successionc1485 passing-by1523 by-passing1526 slacka1533 continuancea1552 race1565 prolapse1585 current1587 decurse1593 passage1596 drifting1610 flux1612 effluxion1621 transcursion1622 decursion1629 devolution1629 progression1646 efflux1647 preterition1647 processus1648 decurrence1659 progress1664 fluxation1710 elapsing1720 currency1726 lapse1758 elapse1793 time-lapse1864 wearing1876 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > gradual change > [noun] devolution1629 induction1638 graduality1646 development1756 evolution1796 transition1800 evolvement1801 shading-off1858 transitioning1955 1629 T. Jackson Treat. Divine Essence ii. 151 The possible devolutions or alternations of the resonable creature from his antecedent will to his consequent. 1651 ‘A. B.’ tr. L. Lessius Sir Walter Rawleigh's Ghost 157 After a long devolution of years fulfilled. 1826 C. Butler Life Grotius i. 3 (heading) Boundaries and Devolution of the Empire of Germany during the Carlovingian Dynasty. 1841 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 50 400 Everybody's price of corn must depend on this descent, or devolution as we call it, through ranges of different machinery. 1843 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 54 541 The ‘devolution’ of foreign agriculture upon lower qualities of land and consequently its permanent exaltation in price. 3. Descent by natural or due succession from one to another, of property, or (figurative) of qualities, etc. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > descent by successiona1325 devolution1545 devolvinga1674 1545 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. New Test. Pref. 11 By a moste just and right deuolucion, and dyscent of inheritaunce of the crounes of Englande, Fraunce, and Irelande. 1590 H. Swinburne Briefe Treat. Test. & Willes vii. f. 291 The legacie is lost without hope of deuolution thereof to the executors or administrators. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1957) III. 86 Now for the riches themselves..he may have them ex traduce, by devolution from his parents. 1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino ix. 2 If Kings by Jus Divinum wear the Crown, By nat'ral Devolution handed down. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xvi. 442 The party of lord Danby..asserted a devolution of the crown on the princess of Orange. 1862 W. R. Grove On Correlation Physical Forces (ed. 4) 16 A force cannot originate otherwise than by devolution from some pre-existing force or forces. 4. a. The passing of any unexercised right to the one upon whom it devolves if allowed to lapse. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > reversion > [noun] > devolving of unexercised right devolution1593 1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 349 To loose their right..by devolution, when they neglected their time aboue sixe monethes. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. vi. 129 A thousand other Artifices to get money. As Provisions, Collations, Exemptions, Canonisations, Divolutions, Revocations. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Devolution..a falling into lapse. 1707 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 337 An Empty Fellow..whom the Archbp. of Cant. Dr. Tennison, put into the Society upon the Devolution to him of that Power. 1712 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1889) III. 331 If it [election of Warden of New Coll.] be not determin'd within 12 Days there will be a Devolution. 1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 62 Vacating the place or office, and a devolution of the right of election for that turn to the crown. 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. vii. 73 The popes soon assumed not only a right of decision, but of devolution; that is, of supplying the want of election..by a nomination of their own. 1872 W. H. Jervis Gallican Church I. Introd. 23 (note) ‘Devolution’ signifies the lapse of a benefice to the Pope, by reason of failure on the part of the patron to present a clerk duly qualified. †b. The passing of jurisdiction upon appeal. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > appeal or review > [noun] > appeal appeal1297 redress1467 reclamation1501 appellationa1513 devolution1593 1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 11 All matters without exception pertaine to Christ's tribunal originally, and not by way of devolution. a1676 M. Hale Hist. Common Law (1713) ii. 44 The Jurisdiction exercised in those Courts is derived from the Crown of England, and..the last Devolution is to the King, by Way of Appeal. 1706 tr. L. E. Du Pin New Eccl. Hist. 16th Cent. II. iv. xx. 363 Nor shall any Devolution or Appeal be lodged with the Apostolical See. 1726 J. Ayliffe Parergon Juris Canonici Anglicani 74 The Appeal operates the Effect of a Devolution; because it devolves the cause to a Superiour Judge. c. Scots Law. (See quot. 1861.) ΚΠ 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) Devolution is a term sometimes applied to the reference made by two or more arbiters who differ in opinion, to an oversman or umpire, to determine the difference. To confer this power on arbiters, an express clause in the submission is necessary. The term is also applied to the devolution of a purchase made under articles of roup upon the next highest offerer, on the failure of the highest offerer to find caution for payment of the price within the time limited by the articles. 5. The passing of the power or authority of one person or body to another. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > [noun] > passing of authority from one to another devolution1765 devolvement1892 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 162 This devolution of power, to the people at large, includes in it a dissolution of the whole form of government established by that people. 1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xiv. 259 The complete exclusion..of any notion of a devolution of authority from the sovereign people. 6. Biology (opposed to evolution n.): Degeneration. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [noun] > degeneration devolution1882 involution1896 1882 H. S. Carpenter in Homilet. Monthly Sept. 688 If there be e-volution, there surely is de-volution, a degradation of the species. 1892 Pop. Sci. Monthly Sept. 709 Psychical disease, the progress of which in contrast with evolution is called devolution. II. From the transitive senses of the verb. †7. The action of throwing down. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > causing to come or go down > [noun] > throwing down devolution1663 dejection1681 1663 S. Patrick Parable of Pilgrim 303 In those submissions and devolutions of ourselues before our Lord. 8. figurative. The causing of anything to descend or fall upon (any one); the handing (of anything) on to a successor. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal right > right of possession or ownership > right to succeed to title, position, or estate > succession > [noun] > handing down to successor fall1579 devolution1627 1627 R. Sanderson Ten Serm. 358 2. The Suspension of his iudgement for life; 3 And the Deuolution of it vpon Iehoram. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi v. ii. 49/1 A Devolution of certain Burdens, on the Heads of such, as were treated with it. 1858 W. E. Gladstone Stud. Homer I. 489 A devolution of sovereignty either partial or total, by aged men upon their heirs. 9. a. The causing of authority, duties, or the like to fall upon a substitute or substitutes; esp. the delegation or leaving of portions or details of duties to subordinate officers or committees. ΘΚΠ society > authority > delegated authority > investing with delegated authority > [noun] > delegation of authority > of duties, etc., to subordinates devolution1780 1780 T. Jefferson Let. 9 June in Papers (1951) III. 426 Disappointments which flowed from the devolution of his duties on Deputies acting without a head. 1878 N. Amer. Rev. Sept. 189 To lighten the cares of the central Legislature by judicious devolution. 1880 W. E. Gladstone Speech in Comm. 28 Feb. The day when there may be wisely devised, and successfully carried through the House an important and effectual measure for the devolution of such portions of its powers as may be safely devolved, with the view of lightening its duties. 1888 W. E. Gladstone in Daily News 6 Nov. 6/2 They were passed by the Grand Committees—passed by the method of what is called devolution. 1889 G. Findlay Working & Managem. Eng. Railway 15 The management of this great service is nothing more than a carefully arranged system of devolution combined with watchful supervision. b. The transfer of powers from a central government to local or regional administration; (later) esp. (British Politics) the transfer of some powers from Westminster to (proposed) Scottish, Welsh, and Northern Irish assemblies.ⓘIn the United Kingdom, devolution now usually refers to the arrangements established under the Scotland Act 1998 (see Holyrood n.²), the Government of Wales Act 1998 (see Welsh Assembly n.), and the Northern Ireland Act 1998. Devolution was also used to describe the form of government designed for Northern Ireland between 1922 and 1972 under the Government of Ireland Act 1920 with its (Stormont) Parliament and Government (see Stormont n.). ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > direct rule, devolution, or trusteeship > [noun] > devolution devolution1889 1889 G. B. Clark in Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 335 72 I think the only solution of the present state of affairs in this House is to have devolution upon lines of nationality. 1904 W. S. Churchill in Times 19 Oct. 5/5 The Irish demand and the Welsh demand for devolution ought not to go forward separately, but together hand in hand. 1929 J. Barr in Hansard Commons 10 July 957 I am not emphasising particularly Scottish Home Rule, because I recognise that in all parts of this House there are those who think that some measure of devolution is necessary. 1954 Rep. Royal Comm. Sc. Affairs 109 in Parl. Papers 1953–4 (Cmd. 9212) XIX. 1 In 1939 the opening of St. Andrew's House as the headquarters of Scottish administration marked the culmination of a steady process of administrative devolution and transfer of staff from London. 1971 Times 19 Mar. 21/3 The form of devolution that is peculiar to that corner of the United Kingdom [sc. Northern Ireland] will have to be changed. 1995 Daily Tel. 5 Jan. 18/4 Nothing seems more depressing..than to witness the prospect of Tony Blair heading down the path of devolution, which can lead only to greater fractionalisation. 2006 Guardian 22 Mar. i. 34/3 The bill gives Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales the opportunity to opt out if they want to. Isn't that what devolution is all about? 2014 Yorks. Post 7 Nov. 13/2 Unfortunately the Chancellor's decision to make Manchester the flagship city for regional devolution..is proving to be highly divisive. 2021 Scotsman (Nexis) 14 Apr. (headline) Health spending in Scotland has fallen since devolution, claims new report. †10. Mathematics. = evolution n. 4b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > [noun] > root > extraction of extraction1557 evolution1674 devolution1690 1690 W. Leybourn Cursus mathematicus 343 Eduction of the Lesser Root by Devolution. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1545
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