diametern.

/dʌɪˈamɪtə/

Forms: Also Middle English–1500s diametre.

Etymology: < Old French dia-, dyametre (1275; French diamètre), < Latin diametrus, -os, < Greek διάμετρος (sc. γραμμή line) diagonal of a parallelogram, diameter of a circle, < διά through, across + μέτρον measure.

a. Geometry. A straight line passing through the centre of a circle (or sphere), and terminated at each end by its circumference (or surface). Hence extended to a chord of any conic (or of a quadric surface) passing through the centre; and further, to a line passing through the middle points of a system of parallel chords (or through the centres of mean distances of their points of intersection with the curve), in a curve of any order.In some editions of Lydgate's Balade of our Ladie 87 ‘dyametre’ is misprinted for ‘dyamaunt’: see Skeat Chaucerian Pieces 278, MacCracken Minor Poems of Lydgate I. 258.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > over circle or sphere

diameter1387

dimetient?a1560

beam1570

dimetient line1601

radiusa1657

diametral1658

ray1690

geodetic1850

geodesic1856

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 71 Þe dyameter [of] a figure [is] þe lengest even lyne þat is devysed þerynne, take who þat may.

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Def. And all the lines that bee drawen crosse the circle, and goe by the centre, are named diameters.

1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 18 Euery right lyne that passeth from side to syde in a globe, and toucheth the centre, is aptely called a diameter.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. v. 110 All the Diameters of the world concurre, and cut one the other in the Center.

1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (at cited word) Diameter, of any Curve, is a right line which divides two other parallel right lines, in such manner that, in each of them, all the segments or ordinates on one side, between the diameter and different points of the curve, are equal to all those on the other side. This is Newton's sense of a Diameter. But, according to some, a diameter is that line, whether right or curved, which bisects all the parallels drawn from one point to another of a curve.

1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 217 If any number of parallel chords of a conic be drawn, the locus of their middle points is a straight line..This straight line is termed the diameter of the chords which it bisects.

b. The diagonal n. of a parallelogram. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 6 In a parallelogram ABCD, when a diameter AC..[is] drawn.

c. gen. A line passing from side to side of any body through the centre.

ΚΠ

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iv. 70 I paced the Diameter and Circumference several times.

1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 34 The cavity..is measured by means of certain ideal lines, named its diameters, which pass from the sternum to the vertebral column, or from one side to the other. All the diameters are greater below than above.

a. The transverse measurement of any geometrical figure or body; the length of a straight line drawn from side to side through the centre, esp. of a circle or body of circular, spherical, or cylindrical form; width; thickness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > [noun] > diameter

diameterc1400

c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §38. 46 Let this pyn be no lengere than a quarter of the diametre of thi compas.

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Piv^v A Gonne of sixe inches diameter in the mouthe.

a1635 R. Corbet Poems (1647) 192 The just proportion..Of the diameter and circumference.

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 34 A Chimny, whose Diameter between the Jambs is 8 feet.

1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 106 [A wasp] boring a hole..not much wider than the diameter of its own body.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 312 The power and the weight will balance each other, when the power bears the same proportion to the weight that the diameter of the axis bears to the diameter of the wheel.

1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. ii. 39 The diameter of the Sun..is 853,380 miles.

†b. elliptical with numeral expressions: = of (such a) diameter, or = in diameter at sense 4 ( 4a). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 69 Balls twelve inches Diameter.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 399 The Dome..is said to be 113 foot Diameter.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 191 Some..were not more that 3½ inches diameter.

Categories »

†c. Geometry. The length of the diagonal of a parallelogram. Obsolete.

†d. Arithmetic. A number that is the square root of the sum of the squares of the two factors of a diametral adj. and n. number (and hence may be represented by the diagonal of a rectangle whose sides are proportional to these factors, the rectangle itself representing the ‘diametral number’). Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Di 17 is the diameter to that diametralle number 120 [= 8 × 15].

1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Di 5 is the diameter of that platte forme.

e. Architecture. The transverse measurement of a column at its base, taken as a unit of measurement for the proportions of an order.

ΚΠ

1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. E Of Columes the Diameters doth tell.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Diameter of a Column, is that taken just above the Bases. From this the Module is taken, which measures all the other Parts of the Column... Diameter of the Swelling, is that taken at the Height of one Third from the Base. Diameter of the Diminution, is that taken from the Top of the Shafts.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. iii. i. 692 Vitruvius in this order [sc. the Tuscan] forms the columns six diameters high, and makes their diminution one quarter of the diameter.

1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §54 The columns in the temple of Ephesus were eight diameters high.

f. As a unit of linear measurement of the magnifying power of a lens or microscope. (Cf. also quot. 1665 at sense 4a.)

ΚΠ

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits i. 14 His microscopes, magnifying..two thousand diameters.

g. Whole extent from side to side or from end to end.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > a) dimension(s) > property of having two dimensions > surface extent or area > whole extent

diameter1604

1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. i. 39 + 2 [Slander], Whose whisper ore the worlds dyameter, As leuell as the Cannon to his blanck, Transports his poysned shot.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. xxxviii. 58 I have traversed the Diameter of France more then once.

†3. The diametrical or direct opposite; contrariety, contradiction. Also elliptical = in diameter at sense 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] > the opposite of something

contraryc1386

reversec1405

the contraverse1480

nothing less?1520

contrariety1532

negative1532

oppositive1561

different1571

diameter1579

contrariwise1588

opposition1594

counterpoint1599

oppositea1616

other thing1628

antipodes1641

inverse1645

contra1648

contrast1754

converse1786

contrariant1848

antipole1856

obverse1862

antithetic1863

contradictory1874

antipathy-

1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Av What a diameter of religion were it for vs dwelling among Christians, to admit from ouer sea, the sons of men in mariage?

1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 76 I shall not undertake to maintain the Paradox, that stands diameter to this almost Catholic opinion.

4. Phrases. in diameter.

a. literal in sense 2 (with numerals, etc.): In measurement across through the centre; in width or thickness. (Formerly also in the diameter.)

ΚΠ

1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 356 A trunk of fire, which..seemeth to be 4 foot over in the Diameter.

1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 60 It would magnifie but 600 times in Diameter.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 202 The Bay of Naples..lyes in almost a round Figure of about Thirty Miles in the Diameter.

1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 110 The fruit hangs from the tree [baobab] by a stalk two feet long and an inch in diameter.

†b. Diametrically, directly (with words denoting opposition or contrariety); in direct opposition. [After Greek ἐκ διαμέτρου ἀντικεῖσθαι to lie diametrically opposite.] (Usually figurative.) Also (in lit. sense) by a diameter. Obsolete. (Cf. diametrical adj. 2a, 2b.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb]

fromward?c1225

contrariouslyc1380

contrarying to1382

reversinglya1425

contrary1463

clean fro1483

repugnantly?1526

diametrally?1533

contrairly1535

in diameter1543

thwartly1558

oppositely1567

contrarily1570

contrariwise1574

diameter-wise1600

diameterly1603

reciprocallya1628

diametrically1633

counter1643

encounter1660

polarly1670

Antarcticallya1711

contrariantly1796

antithetically1816

tout au contraire1841

antistrophically1842

contrapositively1858

in reverse1869

at cross-corners with1892

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. vi. f. 181/2 By flebothomie on the contrary syde by a diameter.

1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iv. vii, in Wks. I. 53 To come to a publike schoole,..it was opposite (in diameter) to my humour.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §3 To stand in diameter and swords point with them.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §51 It is not worthy to stand in diameter with Heaven.

1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 76 To hinder..those deep and serious regresses of nature..is in diameter against both nature and institution.

†c. in a diameter: in a direct line, directly. Obsolete. (Cf. diametrically adv. 3.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [adverb] > in direct line

by linec1374

evenly?c1400

lineally1426

even1489

evenliklya1500

in a diametera1681

a1681 J. Lacy Sr. Hercules Buffoon i, in Dramatic Wks. (1875) 228 Deriving our pedigree in a diameter from the best blood of Europe.

d. tactical diameter n. the perpendicular distance between a ship's original line of advance, and her position when she has turned 180° from that line, under the given angle of helm. final diameter n. the diameter of the practically circular path which a ship traverses if after turning through 180° the helm is still kept over.

ΚΠ

1882 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. (ed. 2) 631 Final diameter. Tactical diameter.

Derivatives

diˈametered adj. of a (specified) diameter.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > [adjective] > of specific diameter

diametered1707

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 57 A two or three inch long diameter'd broad woody pedestal.

1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 63 A foot diameter'd, large, broad, roundish root.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	diameter
释义	diametern. /dʌɪˈamɪtə/ Forms: Also Middle English–1500s diametre. Etymology: < Old French dia-, dyametre (1275; French diamètre), < Latin diametrus, -os, < Greek διάμετρος (sc. γραμμή line) diagonal of a parallelogram, diameter of a circle, < διά through, across + μέτρον measure. 1. a. Geometry. A straight line passing through the centre of a circle (or sphere), and terminated at each end by its circumference (or surface). Hence extended to a chord of any conic (or of a quadric surface) passing through the centre; and further, to a line passing through the middle points of a system of parallel chords (or through the centres of mean distances of their points of intersection with the curve), in a curve of any order.In some editions of Lydgate's Balade of our Ladie 87 ‘dyametre’ is misprinted for ‘dyamaunt’: see Skeat Chaucerian Pieces 278, MacCracken Minor Poems of Lydgate I. 258. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > geometry > line > [noun] > over circle or sphere diameter1387 dimetient?a1560 beam1570 dimetient line1601 radiusa1657 diametral1658 ray1690 geodetic1850 geodesic1856 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VII. 71 Þe dyameter [of] a figure [is] þe lengest even lyne þat is devysed þerynne, take who þat may. 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. Def. And all the lines that bee drawen crosse the circle, and goe by the centre, are named diameters. 1556 R. Record Castle of Knowl. 18 Euery right lyne that passeth from side to syde in a globe, and toucheth the centre, is aptely called a diameter. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. v. 110 All the Diameters of the world concurre, and cut one the other in the Center. 1796 C. Hutton Math. & Philos. Dict. (at cited word) Diameter, of any Curve, is a right line which divides two other parallel right lines, in such manner that, in each of them, all the segments or ordinates on one side, between the diameter and different points of the curve, are equal to all those on the other side. This is Newton's sense of a Diameter. But, according to some, a diameter is that line, whether right or curved, which bisects all the parallels drawn from one point to another of a curve. 1885 C. Leudesdorf tr. L. Cremona Elements Projective Geom. 217 If any number of parallel chords of a conic be drawn, the locus of their middle points is a straight line..This straight line is termed the diameter of the chords which it bisects. b. The diagonal n. of a parallelogram. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1660 tr. I. Barrow Euclide's Elements i. 6 In a parallelogram ABCD, when a diameter AC..[is] drawn. c. gen. A line passing from side to side of any body through the centre. ΚΠ 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iv. 70 I paced the Diameter and Circumference several times. 1828 R. Knox tr. H. Cloquet Syst. Human Anat. 34 The cavity..is measured by means of certain ideal lines, named its diameters, which pass from the sternum to the vertebral column, or from one side to the other. All the diameters are greater below than above. 2. a. The transverse measurement of any geometrical figure or body; the length of a straight line drawn from side to side through the centre, esp. of a circle or body of circular, spherical, or cylindrical form; width; thickness. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > [noun] > diameter diameterc1400 c1400 ( G. Chaucer Treat. Astrolabe (Cambr. Dd.3.53) (1872) ii. §38. 46 Let this pyn be no lengere than a quarter of the diametre of thi compas. 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Piv^v A Gonne of sixe inches diameter in the mouthe. a1635 R. Corbet Poems (1647) 192 The just proportion..Of the diameter and circumference. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 34 A Chimny, whose Diameter between the Jambs is 8 feet. 1774 O. Goldsmith Hist. Earth VIII. 106 [A wasp] boring a hole..not much wider than the diameter of its own body. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 312 The power and the weight will balance each other, when the power bears the same proportion to the weight that the diameter of the axis bears to the diameter of the wheel. 1868 J. N. Lockyer Elem. Lessons Astron. ii. 39 The diameter of the Sun..is 853,380 miles. †b. elliptical with numeral expressions: = of (such a) diameter, or = in diameter at sense 4 ( 4a). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1663 B. Gerbier Counsel to Builders 69 Balls twelve inches Diameter. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Apr. (1965) I. 399 The Dome..is said to be 113 foot Diameter. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 191 Some..were not more that 3½ inches diameter. Categories » †c. Geometry. The length of the diagonal of a parallelogram. Obsolete. †d. Arithmetic. A number that is the square root of the sum of the squares of the two factors of a diametral adj. and n. number (and hence may be represented by the diagonal of a rectangle whose sides are proportional to these factors, the rectangle itself representing the ‘diametral number’). Obsolete. ΚΠ 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Di 17 is the diameter to that diametralle number 120 [= 8 × 15]. 1557 R. Record Whetstone of Witte sig. Di 5 is the diameter of that platte forme. e. Architecture. The transverse measurement of a column at its base, taken as a unit of measurement for the proportions of an order. ΚΠ 1604 M. Drayton Owle sig. E Of Columes the Diameters doth tell. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Diameter of a Column, is that taken just above the Bases. From this the Module is taken, which measures all the other Parts of the Column... Diameter of the Swelling, is that taken at the Height of one Third from the Base. Diameter of the Diminution, is that taken from the Top of the Shafts. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. iii. i. 692 Vitruvius in this order [sc. the Tuscan] forms the columns six diameters high, and makes their diminution one quarter of the diameter. 1850 J. Leitch tr. K. O. Müller Ancient Art (new ed.) §54 The columns in the temple of Ephesus were eight diameters high. f. As a unit of linear measurement of the magnifying power of a lens or microscope. (Cf. also quot. 1665 at sense 4a.) ΚΠ 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits i. 14 His microscopes, magnifying..two thousand diameters. g. Whole extent from side to side or from end to end. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > [noun] > a) dimension(s) > property of having two dimensions > surface extent or area > whole extent diameter1604 1604 W. Shakespeare Hamlet iv. i. 39 + 2 [Slander], Whose whisper ore the worlds dyameter, As leuell as the Cannon to his blanck, Transports his poysned shot. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ vi. xxxviii. 58 I have traversed the Diameter of France more then once. †3. The diametrical or direct opposite; contrariety, contradiction. Also elliptical = in diameter at sense 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [noun] > the opposite of something contraryc1386 reversec1405 the contraverse1480 nothing less?1520 contrariety1532 negative1532 oppositive1561 different1571 diameter1579 contrariwise1588 opposition1594 counterpoint1599 oppositea1616 other thing1628 antipodes1641 inverse1645 contra1648 contrast1754 converse1786 contrariant1848 antipole1856 obverse1862 antithetic1863 contradictory1874 antipathy- 1579 J. Stubbs Discouerie Gaping Gulf sig. Av What a diameter of religion were it for vs dwelling among Christians, to admit from ouer sea, the sons of men in mariage? 1661 J. Glanvill Vanity of Dogmatizing 76 I shall not undertake to maintain the Paradox, that stands diameter to this almost Catholic opinion. 4. Phrases. in diameter. a. literal in sense 2 (with numerals, etc.): In measurement across through the centre; in width or thickness. (Formerly also in the diameter.) ΚΠ 1585 J. Dee Jrnl. in True & Faithful Relation Spirits (1659) i. 356 A trunk of fire, which..seemeth to be 4 foot over in the Diameter. 1665 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 1 60 It would magnifie but 600 times in Diameter. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 202 The Bay of Naples..lyes in almost a round Figure of about Thirty Miles in the Diameter. 1858 R. Hogg Veg. Kingdom 110 The fruit hangs from the tree [baobab] by a stalk two feet long and an inch in diameter. †b. Diametrically, directly (with words denoting opposition or contrariety); in direct opposition. [After Greek ἐκ διαμέτρου ἀντικεῖσθαι to lie diametrically opposite.] (Usually figurative.) Also (in lit. sense) by a diameter. Obsolete. (Cf. diametrical adj. 2a, 2b.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > contrariety or contrast > [adverb] fromward?c1225 contrariouslyc1380 contrarying to1382 reversinglya1425 contrary1463 clean fro1483 repugnantly?1526 diametrally?1533 contrairly1535 in diameter1543 thwartly1558 oppositely1567 contrarily1570 contrariwise1574 diameter-wise1600 diameterly1603 reciprocallya1628 diametrically1633 counter1643 encounter1660 polarly1670 Antarcticallya1711 contrariantly1796 antithetically1816 tout au contraire1841 antistrophically1842 contrapositively1858 in reverse1869 at cross-corners with1892 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. vi. f. 181/2 By flebothomie on the contrary syde by a diameter. 1616 B. Jonson Every Man in his Humor (rev. ed.) iv. vii, in Wks. I. 53 To come to a publike schoole,..it was opposite (in diameter) to my humour. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §3 To stand in diameter and swords point with them. View more context for this quotation 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §51 It is not worthy to stand in diameter with Heaven. View more context for this quotation 1644 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce (ed. 2) 76 To hinder..those deep and serious regresses of nature..is in diameter against both nature and institution. †c. in a diameter: in a direct line, directly. Obsolete. (Cf. diametrically adv. 3.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > lineage or descent > [adverb] > in direct line by linec1374 evenly?c1400 lineally1426 even1489 evenliklya1500 in a diametera1681 a1681 J. Lacy Sr. Hercules Buffoon i, in Dramatic Wks. (1875) 228 Deriving our pedigree in a diameter from the best blood of Europe. d. tactical diameter n. the perpendicular distance between a ship's original line of advance, and her position when she has turned 180° from that line, under the given angle of helm. final diameter n. the diameter of the practically circular path which a ship traverses if after turning through 180° the helm is still kept over. ΚΠ 1882 W. H. White Man. Naval Archit. (ed. 2) 631 Final diameter. Tactical diameter. Derivatives diˈametered adj. of a (specified) diameter. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > thickness > [adjective] > of specific diameter diametered1707 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 57 A two or three inch long diameter'd broad woody pedestal. 1707 H. Sloane Voy. Islands I. 63 A foot diameter'd, large, broad, roundish root. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > as lemmas diameter c. In sense 11, as base circumference, diameter, etc. ΚΠ 1853 W. Pidgeon Trad. De-coo-dah (1858) xxx. 267 At the junction of Grave creek with the Ohio, in Virginia, we find another, seventy feet high, with a base circumference of more than a thousand feet. 1913 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 3 i. 133 Most [bowls] had a rim diameter of 14·5 cm. and a base diameter of 8 cm. 2006 J. James et al. in R. K. Dowling & D. Newsome Geotourism i. iv. 68 The monolith has a base circumference of 9.4km. extracted from basen.¹ < n.1387 as lemmas
随便看	goggle with the head goggle-box goggle-dive goggle-diver goggle-diving goggle-eye goggle-eyed goggle-eyed jack goggle-eyed pike gogglebox goggled goggledive gogglediver gogglediving goggleeye goggleeyed goggleeyed jack goggleeyed pike goggler gogglers goggles gogglier goggliest goggling goggly

diametern.

Derivatives

> as lemmas