althoughconj.

Brit.

/ɔːlˈðəʊ/,

/ɒlˈðəʊ/, U.S.

/ɔlˈðoʊ/,

/ɑlˈðoʊ/

Forms: Middle English al-dowh, Middle English alle-þaugh, Middle English alle-þauh, Middle English alle-þawe, Middle English alle-þey (East Anglian), Middle English alle-tha, Middle English alle-thogh, Middle English alle-thoow, Middle English allethough, Middle English alle-though, Middle English alle though, Middle English alle-thoughe, Middle English alle-thow, Middle English alle þoȝe, Middle English alle þoghe, Middle English alle-þouȝ, Middle English alle þough, Middle English alle-þow, Middle English alle-þowe, Middle English alle-yagh (north midlands), Middle English alle-you (East Anglian), Middle English all-þaw, Middle English all-thagh, Middle English all-tho, Middle English all-thofe (north-east midlands), Middle English all-thogh, Middle English all thogh, Middle English all thoghe, Middle English all thouȝ, Middle English all-though, Middle English all though, Middle English allthouh, Middle English allthow, Middle English all-thow, Middle English all-thowghe, Middle English allþof (north-west midlands), Middle English all-þof (north midlands), Middle English all þof (northern), Middle English all-þofe (north-east midlands), Middle English all-þoff (north-east midlands), Middle English all-þoȝ, Middle English all-þogh, Middle English all-þoghe, Middle English allþoghe, Middle English all-þouȝ, Middle English all-þouȝe, Middle English all þouȝe, Middle English allþough, Middle English all-þough, Middle English all þough, Middle English all-þow, Middle English all-þowe, Middle English all-þowȝ, Middle English all-yof (northern and north-east midlands), Middle English all yof, Middle English all-yoȝ (north-east midlands), Middle English all-yow (East Anglian), Middle English alþaȝ, Middle English al-þaȝ, Middle English alþaȝe, Middle English al-þaȝe, Middle English alþah, Middle English al-þau, Middle English al-þauȝ, Middle English al-þauh, Middle English al-þaw, Middle English al-þawe, Middle English al-þawȝ, Middle English alþei (East Anglian), Middle English al-þei (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English al-þeiȝ (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English al þeiȝ, Middle English al-þeiȝe (East Anglian), Middle English al-þey (south-east midlands and southern), Middle English alþey (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English al-thaȝe, Middle English althagh, Middle English al-thagh, Middle English al-thaugh, Middle English al-thawe, Middle English al-thei (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English althofe, Middle English al-thofe (north-east midlands), Middle English al-thogh, Middle English al thogh, Middle English al thoghe, Middle English althoue, Middle English al-thoue, Middle English althouȝ, Middle English al-though, Middle English al though, Middle English althoughe, Middle English althouh, Middle English al-thow, Middle English al thow, Middle English al-thowȝ, Middle English al-thowgh, Middle English al-þi (East Anglian), Middle English alþo, Middle English alþof (north-east midlands), Middle English al-þof (chiefly northern and north midlands), Middle English al þof (north-east midlands), Middle English al-þoff (north midlands), Middle English al-þoȝ, Middle English alþoȝ, Middle English alþogh, Middle English al-þogh, Middle English al þogh, Middle English al-þoh, Middle English alþoo, Middle English al-þoow, Middle English al þoow, Middle English alþou, Middle English al-þou, Middle English al þou, Middle English alþouȝ, Middle English al-þouȝ, Middle English al þouȝ, Middle English al-þouȝe, Middle English al-þough, Middle English al þough, Middle English al-þouw, Middle English alþow, Middle English al-þow, Middle English alþowh, Middle English al-þowh, Middle English al-þowth, Middle English al-yaȝe (north-west midlands), Middle English al-yei (East Anglian), Middle English al-yi (East Anglian), Middle English al-yof (northern and north midlands), Middle English al-yoȝe (north-west midlands), Middle English al-yogh (East Anglian), Middle English al-you (East Anglian), Middle English al-youh (northern), Middle English al-yow (East Anglian), Middle English a-þey (south-west midlands), Middle English au-þough (north-east midlands), Middle English–1500s althowgh, Middle English–1600s althogh, Middle English–1600s althow, Middle English–1800s allthough, Middle English– although, 1500s allthoghe, 1500s allthought, 1500s allthowghe, 1500s althoe, 1500s althoghe, 1500s althoght, 1500s althowghe, 1500s althowght, 1500s–1600s allthoughe, 1500s–1600s allthowgh, 1500s–1600s althou, 1500s–1600s althovgh, 1500s–1700s (1800s– nonstandard) altho, 1600s–1700s (1800s– nonstandard) altho'; Scottish pre-1700 all thoch, pre-1700 all thocht, pre-1700 all thogh, pre-1700 allthoghe, pre-1700 all thouch, pre-1700 all thoucht, pre-1700 all though, pre-1700 allthoughe, pre-1700 althoch, pre-1700 althoche, pre-1700 al thocht, pre-1700 althocht, pre-1700 althogh, pre-1700 althoghe, pre-1700 althoght, pre-1700 althoȝt, pre-1700 althoht, pre-1700 althoicht, pre-1700 althouch, pre-1700 althoucht, pre-1700 althoughe, pre-1700 althought, pre-1700 althowght, pre-1700 1700s– although, pre-1700 1800s all thought, 1700s althof; N.E.D. (1884) also records forms Middle English al þeȝ, 1500s althof.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: all adv., though conj.

Etymology: < all adv. (compare all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 13) + though conj. Compare though all at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 13b and though conj. 5b. With sense 1b compare also albeit conj.Compare also Old English eall (all adv. 8a) in emphatic or intensive use in concessive clauses introduced by þēah though conj.:OE Beowulf (2008) 680 Forþan ic hine sweorde swebban nelle, aldre beneotan, þeah ic eal mæge.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. 75 Þa ne mihte se papa þæt geðafian, þeah ðe he eall wolde.

a. Even though; granting or supposing that; notwithstanding or in spite of the fact that (something is, or may be, the case). Cf. though conj. 1a, 2a.Occasionally with that (now rare): cf. though conj. 5a.In early use frequently with subjunctive verb.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > on condition that [conjunction] > although

thoughc888

thoughc1050

allc1225

when1297

how so?c1330

althougha1350

ifa1400

if alla1400

though all?a1400

andc1400

suppose1400

albeit?a1425

albec1450

wella1470

even though1697

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 29 (MED) Sone is sotel..þis sake, alþah hit seme suete.

c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 130 Al-þauȝ I couþe ȝif þat I wolde.

?c1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr. Ii.3.21) (1886) ii. met. vii. 47 Al thowgh þat grete howses or kynredes shynen with cler titlys of honours, yit natheles deth despyseth alle heye glorye of fame.

a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3531 All-þaw þay hadde þis gold þus y-stole And put hit inne a preuey plase, ȝet alle þis dude [etc.].

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection (1531) iii. f. CCxxiiii^v Obey your..rulers, although they be trewantes.

1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 7 Although I am a sinner by the lawe..yet I despaire not.

1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 87 [Christ prayed] Father,..take away this Cup from me, &c. Although that this was the very end for which he came into the World.

1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xlii. 75 Laughter.., if over loud, or over long, [shews] Your Head but weak, altho' your Lungs be strong.

1760 tr. A. Hamilton Select Tales I. 268 Although he may not be so richly married, he seems to me to be so well pleased with his wife..that he will not envy you at all.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iii. 113 Altho' thy life Of sin were free, if of this holy truth Ignorant, thy soul..must [etc.].

1812 Sporting Mag. 39 284 Witness agreed to try it on again although he considered himself in danger.

1881 Bible (R.V.) Mark xiv. 29 Although all shall be offended, yet will not I.

1903 Western Field Jan. 327/2 Although that I was but indifferently mounted on a big American cavalry horse of no particular speed, I was actually able to run over him several times.

1936 K. Nohara True Face of Japan iv. 85 Although he receives monetary compensation for his services, the Nakohdo is not a professional marriage-broker.

1999 Ebony June 142 Although fat may be funny to some, it's deadly to others.

2011 Independent 11 Feb. (Viewspaper section) 4/4 Although I happen not to smoke cigarettes myself, I find myself admiring those..who still defiantly spark up.

b. Introducing a non-finite or verbless clause. Cf. though conj. 1b, 2b.

ΚΠ

c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 759 (MED) My dere destyne, Me ches to hys make alþaȝ vnmete.

1561 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) Ded. sig. a7 As the deuine Plato (although a Iudge somethynge to seuer agaynste them)..dothe confesse.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xv. 241 The braue Carnation then, with sweet and soueraigne power (So of his colour call'd, although a Iuly-flower).

1646 J. Lilburne Iust Mans Iustification 16 [They] that would have all men disfranchized (although never so honest) that are not of their minds, and Judgements.

1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iv. 74 Those Motions, although sometimes very violent, did not much discompose me.

1787 J. Skinner tr. F. Fontana Treat. Venom of Viper I. iii. v. 395 An animal may live very well, although deprived of its head.

1790 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 2 25 I watched this with more success..although absent at intervals.

1844 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. ii. 89 The Red-Poll Warbler,..although very abundant in the Southern States,..has seldom been noted in this State.

1892 C. R. C. Waters Handbk. Legendary & Mythol. Art 135 Although French, he [sc. St Hilary] is greatly reverenced in Italy.

1920 Mycologia 12 71 Other specimens, although dead, showed no external signs of fungal parasitism.

2000 S. Fallon & M. Rothschild World Food: France (Lonely Planet Guide) 70 Although often sweet (or sweetish), such baked goods as croissants and brioches..are normally sold at bakeries.

2. Introducing an additional statement restricting or modifying the preceding one: however, but; and yet, nevertheless. Cf. though conj. 3.

ΚΠ

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 660 Thou..lyvest thus as an heremyte Al-though thyn Abstynence ys lyte.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvii^v Wherefore he was required to make hast,..although he brought no succor with hym.

1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Iij Yet coulde he not perswade himselfe whether he dreamed..(although he knew of a certentie his eyes winked not).

1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours i. xiii. 47 He professed himselfe to be a Physician (although he was but lightly tinctured with the knowledge of Physick).

1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 17 Nov. (1948) II. 414 I often advised the dissolution of that parliament, although I did not think the scoundrels had so much courage.

1786 T. Day Hist. Sandford & Merton II. 26 He too had a library, although he never opened a book.

1831 T. Hood My Son & Heir in Hood's Own 148 A Grazier may be losing cash, Although he drives a ‘roaring trade’.

1853 J. Stuart Let. 8 Mar. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) I. 490 Since then I have felt better although I am far from being what is called a well man.

1984 A. Brookner Hotel du Lac x. 146 I can understand their position, although I'm not all that sympathetic.

2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 112 The..simplest way to brew your own beer is to buy a brewing kit... Often, all you need add is water, although you will also need some other items of equipment.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	although
释义	althoughconj. Brit. /ɔːlˈðəʊ/, /ɒlˈðəʊ/, U.S. /ɔlˈðoʊ/, /ɑlˈðoʊ/ Forms: Middle English al-dowh, Middle English alle-þaugh, Middle English alle-þauh, Middle English alle-þawe, Middle English alle-þey (East Anglian), Middle English alle-tha, Middle English alle-thogh, Middle English alle-thoow, Middle English allethough, Middle English alle-though, Middle English alle though, Middle English alle-thoughe, Middle English alle-thow, Middle English alle þoȝe, Middle English alle þoghe, Middle English alle-þouȝ, Middle English alle þough, Middle English alle-þow, Middle English alle-þowe, Middle English alle-yagh (north midlands), Middle English alle-you (East Anglian), Middle English all-þaw, Middle English all-thagh, Middle English all-tho, Middle English all-thofe (north-east midlands), Middle English all-thogh, Middle English all thogh, Middle English all thoghe, Middle English all thouȝ, Middle English all-though, Middle English all though, Middle English allthouh, Middle English allthow, Middle English all-thow, Middle English all-thowghe, Middle English allþof (north-west midlands), Middle English all-þof (north midlands), Middle English all þof (northern), Middle English all-þofe (north-east midlands), Middle English all-þoff (north-east midlands), Middle English all-þoȝ, Middle English all-þogh, Middle English all-þoghe, Middle English allþoghe, Middle English all-þouȝ, Middle English all-þouȝe, Middle English all þouȝe, Middle English allþough, Middle English all-þough, Middle English all þough, Middle English all-þow, Middle English all-þowe, Middle English all-þowȝ, Middle English all-yof (northern and north-east midlands), Middle English all yof, Middle English all-yoȝ (north-east midlands), Middle English all-yow (East Anglian), Middle English alþaȝ, Middle English al-þaȝ, Middle English alþaȝe, Middle English al-þaȝe, Middle English alþah, Middle English al-þau, Middle English al-þauȝ, Middle English al-þauh, Middle English al-þaw, Middle English al-þawe, Middle English al-þawȝ, Middle English alþei (East Anglian), Middle English al-þei (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English al-þeiȝ (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English al þeiȝ, Middle English al-þeiȝe (East Anglian), Middle English al-þey (south-east midlands and southern), Middle English alþey (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English al-thaȝe, Middle English althagh, Middle English al-thagh, Middle English al-thaugh, Middle English al-thawe, Middle English al-thei (chiefly East Anglian), Middle English althofe, Middle English al-thofe (north-east midlands), Middle English al-thogh, Middle English al thogh, Middle English al thoghe, Middle English althoue, Middle English al-thoue, Middle English althouȝ, Middle English al-though, Middle English al though, Middle English althoughe, Middle English althouh, Middle English al-thow, Middle English al thow, Middle English al-thowȝ, Middle English al-thowgh, Middle English al-þi (East Anglian), Middle English alþo, Middle English alþof (north-east midlands), Middle English al-þof (chiefly northern and north midlands), Middle English al þof (north-east midlands), Middle English al-þoff (north midlands), Middle English al-þoȝ, Middle English alþoȝ, Middle English alþogh, Middle English al-þogh, Middle English al þogh, Middle English al-þoh, Middle English alþoo, Middle English al-þoow, Middle English al þoow, Middle English alþou, Middle English al-þou, Middle English al þou, Middle English alþouȝ, Middle English al-þouȝ, Middle English al þouȝ, Middle English al-þouȝe, Middle English al-þough, Middle English al þough, Middle English al-þouw, Middle English alþow, Middle English al-þow, Middle English alþowh, Middle English al-þowh, Middle English al-þowth, Middle English al-yaȝe (north-west midlands), Middle English al-yei (East Anglian), Middle English al-yi (East Anglian), Middle English al-yof (northern and north midlands), Middle English al-yoȝe (north-west midlands), Middle English al-yogh (East Anglian), Middle English al-you (East Anglian), Middle English al-youh (northern), Middle English al-yow (East Anglian), Middle English a-þey (south-west midlands), Middle English au-þough (north-east midlands), Middle English–1500s althowgh, Middle English–1600s althogh, Middle English–1600s althow, Middle English–1800s allthough, Middle English– although, 1500s allthoghe, 1500s allthought, 1500s allthowghe, 1500s althoe, 1500s althoghe, 1500s althoght, 1500s althowghe, 1500s althowght, 1500s–1600s allthoughe, 1500s–1600s allthowgh, 1500s–1600s althou, 1500s–1600s althovgh, 1500s–1700s (1800s– nonstandard) altho, 1600s–1700s (1800s– nonstandard) altho'; Scottish pre-1700 all thoch, pre-1700 all thocht, pre-1700 all thogh, pre-1700 allthoghe, pre-1700 all thouch, pre-1700 all thoucht, pre-1700 all though, pre-1700 allthoughe, pre-1700 althoch, pre-1700 althoche, pre-1700 al thocht, pre-1700 althocht, pre-1700 althogh, pre-1700 althoghe, pre-1700 althoght, pre-1700 althoȝt, pre-1700 althoht, pre-1700 althoicht, pre-1700 althouch, pre-1700 althoucht, pre-1700 althoughe, pre-1700 althought, pre-1700 althowght, pre-1700 1700s– although, pre-1700 1800s all thought, 1700s althof; N.E.D. (1884) also records forms Middle English al þeȝ, 1500s althof. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: all adv., though conj. Etymology: < all adv. (compare all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 13) + though conj. Compare though all at all adj., pron., n., adv., and conj. Phrases 13b and though conj. 5b. With sense 1b compare also albeit conj.Compare also Old English eall (all adv. 8a) in emphatic or intensive use in concessive clauses introduced by þēah though conj.:OE Beowulf (2008) 680 Forþan ic hine sweorde swebban nelle, aldre beneotan, þeah ic eal mæge.OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Cambr. Gg.3.28) ix. 75 Þa ne mihte se papa þæt geðafian, þeah ðe he eall wolde. 1. a. Even though; granting or supposing that; notwithstanding or in spite of the fact that (something is, or may be, the case). Cf. though conj. 1a, 2a.Occasionally with that (now rare): cf. though conj. 5a.In early use frequently with subjunctive verb. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > qualification > on condition that [conjunction] > although thoughc888 thoughc1050 allc1225 when1297 how so?c1330 althougha1350 ifa1400 if alla1400 though all?a1400 andc1400 suppose1400 albeit?a1425 albec1450 wella1470 even though1697 a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 29 (MED) Sone is sotel..þis sake, alþah hit seme suete. c1390 in C. Brown Relig. Lyrics 14th Cent. (1924) 130 Al-þauȝ I couþe ȝif þat I wolde. ?c1425 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (Cambr. Ii.3.21) (1886) ii. met. vii. 47 Al thowgh þat grete howses or kynredes shynen with cler titlys of honours, yit natheles deth despyseth alle heye glorye of fame. a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 3531 All-þaw þay hadde þis gold þus y-stole And put hit inne a preuey plase, ȝet alle þis dude [etc.]. a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection (1531) iii. f. CCxxiiii^v Obey your..rulers, although they be trewantes. 1577 T. Vautrollier tr. M. Luther Comm. Epist. to Galathians (new ed.) f. 7 Although I am a sinner by the lawe..yet I despaire not. 1676 M. Hale Contempl. Moral & Divine i. 87 [Christ prayed] Father,..take away this Cup from me, &c. Although that this was the very end for which he came into the World. 1692 E. Walker tr. Epictetus Enchiridion xlii. 75 Laughter.., if over loud, or over long, [shews] Your Head but weak, altho' your Lungs be strong. 1760 tr. A. Hamilton Select Tales I. 268 Although he may not be so richly married, he seems to me to be so well pleased with his wife..that he will not envy you at all. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iii. 113 Altho' thy life Of sin were free, if of this holy truth Ignorant, thy soul..must [etc.]. 1812 Sporting Mag. 39 284 Witness agreed to try it on again although he considered himself in danger. 1881 Bible (R.V.) Mark xiv. 29 Although all shall be offended, yet will not I. 1903 Western Field Jan. 327/2 Although that I was but indifferently mounted on a big American cavalry horse of no particular speed, I was actually able to run over him several times. 1936 K. Nohara True Face of Japan iv. 85 Although he receives monetary compensation for his services, the Nakohdo is not a professional marriage-broker. 1999 Ebony June 142 Although fat may be funny to some, it's deadly to others. 2011 Independent 11 Feb. (Viewspaper section) 4/4 Although I happen not to smoke cigarettes myself, I find myself admiring those..who still defiantly spark up. b. Introducing a non-finite or verbless clause. Cf. though conj. 1b, 2b. ΚΠ c1400 (?c1380) Pearl l. 759 (MED) My dere destyne, Me ches to hys make alþaȝ vnmete. 1561 B. Googe tr. ‘M. Palingenius’ Zodiake of Life (new ed.) Ded. sig. a7 As the deuine Plato (although a Iudge somethynge to seuer agaynste them)..dothe confesse. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xv. 241 The braue Carnation then, with sweet and soueraigne power (So of his colour call'd, although a Iuly-flower). 1646 J. Lilburne Iust Mans Iustification 16 [They] that would have all men disfranchized (although never so honest) that are not of their minds, and Judgements. 1726 J. Swift Gulliver I. ii. iv. 74 Those Motions, although sometimes very violent, did not much discompose me. 1787 J. Skinner tr. F. Fontana Treat. Venom of Viper I. iii. v. 395 An animal may live very well, although deprived of its head. 1790 Trans. Royal Soc. Edinb. 2 25 I watched this with more success..although absent at intervals. 1844 Nat. Hist. N.Y., Zool. ii. 89 The Red-Poll Warbler,..although very abundant in the Southern States,..has seldom been noted in this State. 1892 C. R. C. Waters Handbk. Legendary & Mythol. Art 135 Although French, he [sc. St Hilary] is greatly reverenced in Italy. 1920 Mycologia 12 71 Other specimens, although dead, showed no external signs of fungal parasitism. 2000 S. Fallon & M. Rothschild World Food: France (Lonely Planet Guide) 70 Although often sweet (or sweetish), such baked goods as croissants and brioches..are normally sold at bakeries. 2. Introducing an additional statement restricting or modifying the preceding one: however, but; and yet, nevertheless. Cf. though conj. 3. ΚΠ c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 660 Thou..lyvest thus as an heremyte Al-though thyn Abstynence ys lyte. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. ccvii^v Wherefore he was required to make hast,..although he brought no succor with hym. 1577 J. Grange Golden Aphroditis sig. Iij Yet coulde he not perswade himselfe whether he dreamed..(although he knew of a certentie his eyes winked not). 1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours i. xiii. 47 He professed himselfe to be a Physician (although he was but lightly tinctured with the knowledge of Physick). 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 17 Nov. (1948) II. 414 I often advised the dissolution of that parliament, although I did not think the scoundrels had so much courage. 1786 T. Day Hist. Sandford & Merton II. 26 He too had a library, although he never opened a book. 1831 T. Hood My Son & Heir in Hood's Own 148 A Grazier may be losing cash, Although he drives a ‘roaring trade’. 1853 J. Stuart Let. 8 Mar. in R. Stuart et al. Stuart Lett. (1961) I. 490 Since then I have felt better although I am far from being what is called a well man. 1984 A. Brookner Hotel du Lac x. 146 I can understand their position, although I'm not all that sympathetic. 2008 U. McGovern Lost Crafts (2009) 112 The..simplest way to brew your own beer is to buy a brewing kit... Often, all you need add is water, although you will also need some other items of equipment. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < conj.a1350
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