单词 | disability |
释义 | disabilityn. 1. gen. a. Lack of ability (to discharge any office or function); inability, incapacity; weakness. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > ability > inability > [noun] unablenessc1380 unabletyc1380 infirmityc1384 unabilityc1475 non-ability1477 inability1500 disability1545 unsufficiency1580 disablement1597 disableness1609 incapacity1611 uncapableness1611 incapability1632 incapableness1632 uncapabilitya1644 incompatibility1659 incompetibilitya1660 uncapacity1681 invalidity1698 disable1827 1545 R. Ascham Toxophilus ii. f. 27 It be more thorough his owne negligence for bicause he wyll not learne, than any disabilitie, bicause he can not lerne. 1580 T. Lupton Siuqila 139 His disabilitie to performe his promise. 1618 N. Byfield Paterne Wholsome Words ix. 96 Impotency, and extreame disability to deliuer our owne soules. 1640 J. Howell Δενδρολογια 213 The peace she makes proceeds either from disability or unseasonablenes to hurt. 1694 M. Astell Serious Proposal to Ladies 99 I see not any Defect the former [sc. understanding] can have, besides Narrowness and a disability to extend itself to many things. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. ix. vi. 360 The Coachman was disabled from performing his Office for that Evening. An antient Heathen would perhaps have imputed this Disability to the God of Drink. 1796 R. Bage Hermsprong III. viii. 69 I have infinite loss in the disability. It would have edified me much to have heard the rights of daughters, and the duties of fathers, descanted upon by so fine an understanding. 1825 W. Hazlitt Spirit of Age 26 Mr. Bentham writes as if he was allowed but a single sentence to express his whole view of a subject in... Mr. Bentham has acquired this disability—it is not natural to him. 1853 C. Brontë Villette III. xxxviii. 186 I smiled..at my own disinclination, not to say disability, to meet these melting favours. 1856 C. J. Lever Martins of Cro' Martin 205 A disability to contest the prizes of life even with such as Mr. Massingbred. 1866 J. Martineau Ess. Philos. & Theol. 1st Ser. 190 Every relative disability may be read two ways. 1908 Westm. Gaz. Jan. 3/1 Encyclopaedic..the work is. But it is without the disability of an encylopaedia, since the whole material is fused into a unified narrative. 1925 Amer. Mercury July 292/2 For a while it was objected that horses could get along roads and other country, pulling wagons, that no automobile could negotiate, but now caterpillar tractors have removed that disability. 2000 Evening Times (Glasgow) (Nexis) 18 July 12 So with OAP parents harbouring a slight disability to function at the speed of younger mums and dads, where would this leave the unfortunate bambino? b. An instance of lack of ability. Chiefly in plural. Now rare. ΚΠ 1597 H. Lok Ecclesiastes Ep. Ded. sig. Aiiiv Knowing our disabilities iudicially to obserue the cleare brightnes of your shining vertues. 1625 F. Markham Bk. Honour ii. iv. 55 Without these fore-spoken disabilities. 1645 J. Milton Colasterion 8 Disabilities to perform what was covnanted. 1770 Addr. from Noble Lord to People of Ireland 25 Some humiliating reflections on their own disabilities and oversights. 1824 Westm. Rev. 2 194 The author labours under many disabilities for making a good book. 1936 C. Brooks Jrnl. 27 Feb. (1998) 158 Churchill is said to have several disabilities—he is not liked by Baldwin, he is mistrusted in the country as a temperamental war-monger, [etc.]. 1970 G. Greer Female Eunuch 303 The women students..had not yet formed any clear idea of the disabilities which increasingly encumber women as they move..towards kinder and küche. 2. A physical or mental condition that limits a person's movements, senses, or activities; (as a mass noun) the fact or state of having such a condition.Usually a permanent condition, although sometimes (esp. in early use) a temporary injury or infirmity. Cf. learning disability n. at learning n. Additions.See note on usage at disabled adj. 2. ΚΠ 1561 in A. F. Johnston & M. Rogerson Rec. Early Eng. Drama: York (1979) I. 333 [The] Shirefes of this Citie haue mad right humble request..to be spared of the sayd rydyng on Corpus Christi day & Midsomar even, allegyng sundry impedymentes & dishabilities. 1602 W. Segar Honor Mil. & Civill i. xxv. 32 Cassation causary or reasonable..in consideration of sicknesse or disability... Cassation ignominious, was for some offence, or crime worthy of lesse punishment then death. 1702 D. Jones Life James II 316 By reason of Sickness, Nonage, Infirmities, or other Disabilities. 1768 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued II. ii. xxi. 47 Bringing on the inconveniences, disabilities, pains and mental disorders spoken of. 1862 J. F. Davis Let. 26 Nov. in Official Corr. Governor Joseph E. Brown (1910) 306 In restoring to the Army all officers and men now within the States absent without leave, or whose term of absence has expired, or who have recovered from disability and are now able to return to duty. 1882 W. Chester (Pa.) Local News II. No. 19. 1 Those who incurred pensionable disabilities. 1899 T. C. Allbutt Syst. Med. VII. 418 The leading peculiarities of hysterical mutism are these... The subjects of this disability are completely mute. 1921 Lancet 23 Apr. 891/1 Word blindness is apparently to some extent a sex-limited disability. In this group..it was about four times as prevalent among the boys as among the girls. 1944 Act 7 & 8 Geo. VI c. 31 §228 The need for securing that provision is made for pupils who suffer from any disability of mind or body by providing, either in special schools or otherwise, special educational treatment. 1955 Househ. Guide & Almanac (News of World) 172/2 Because of severe mental or physical disability, some may have to have care in an institution for years. 1974 H. L. Foster Ribbin', Jivin', & Playin' Dozens ii. 46 The child with a learning or physical problem or disability may act-out to divert attention from, for example, his inability to read. 2005 Disability Now May 23 It seems numbers of employees with disabilities are creeping up, but certain organisations urge against tokenism. 3. Incapacity in the eye of the law, or created by the law; a restriction framed to prevent any person or class of persons from sharing in duties or privileges which would otherwise be open to them; legal disqualification. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal capacity > [noun] > legal incapacity non-ability1477 disability1579 incapacity1648 incompetency1650 1579 Rastell's Expos. Termes Lawes (new ed.) at Nonabylitye That dysabilitye is in actions reales and mixt only. 1641 Rastell's Termes de la Ley (new ed.) f. 118v Disabilitie is when a man..by any..cause is disabled or made incapable to doe, to inherit, or to take..advantage of a thing which otherwise he might have had or done. 1723 W. Bohun Cursus Cancellariæ (ed. 2) 461 Care likewise should be taken, that whosoever sues in his own Right, has no legal Disability upon him, as Outlawry, Excommunication, Alien Enemy, &c. 1765 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 460 The privileges and disabilities of an infant, or one under age and subject to guardianship. 1832 H. Martineau Ireland 117 The law has at length emancipated us from our civil disabilities. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 11 His eagerness to remove the disabilities under which the professors of his religion lay. 1883 Wharton's Law-lexicon (ed. 7) 593/2 The sovereign, as parens patriæ, has a kind of guardianship over various classes of persons, who, from their legal disability, stand in need of protection, such as infants, idiots, and lunatics. 1927 A. Kocourek Jural Relations 431 (Gloss.) Disability, a special variety of ligation; the reciprocal of Duty; the lack of authority to project a positive or negative act against another. Its correlative is Immunity. 1947 M. R. Konvitz Constit. & Civil Rights ii. 18 Congress, contended Harlan, has the power by direct and primary legislation to eradicate burdens and disabilities which are the badges and incidents of slavery and servitude. 2006 Chicago Daily Law Bull. (Nexis) 21 Sept. The appeals court said it agreed with the trial court's finding that the plaintiffs were not under any legal disability or incapacity after they reached the age of 18. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > poverty > [noun] > lack of money pence-lackc1400 a short purse1548 disability1624 low tide1699 embarrassment1727 impecuniosity1818 soldier's thigh1841 pennilessness1852 hard-uppishness1859 hard-upness1869 ooflessness1889 1624 King James I Speech 5 Mar. in Orig. Jrnls. House of Lords X. 83 My disabilities are encreased by the charge of my sonnes jorney into Spaine. 1659 R. Boyle Some Motives & Incentives to Love of God 24 The sense of his personall disability, to pay that Divine object all the Love that his perfections merited. 1701 W. Paterson Proposals Council of Trade 51 It [sc. Taxing] leaves a dissability equal, and in proportion to its weight. 1788 Parl. Reg. Ireland VIII. 370 Nor can we thank men for not proceeding further [in taxation], when perhaps the disability of the nation made it impossible. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 18 What would you say to the lord of an estate who complained to you of his poverty and disabilities? Compounds disability benefit n. an allowance paid (by the State, a union, an employer, etc.) to a person who is unable to work owing to a disability. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > philanthropy > [noun] > social service provided by (local) government > benefit provided by state > specific sick(ness benefit1875 disability benefit1886 sickness allowance1891 maternity benefit1911 sickness insurance1911 unemployment benefit1933 food stamp1939 attendance allowance1969 unemployment1976 Jobseeker's Allowance1993 1886 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Daily Gaz. 10 June 5/3 The general benefits are $250 death benefit, $250 disability benefit, and $50 in case of a wife's death. 1931 Times 20 Apr. 9/4 They were all profoundly disturbed about the rapidly increasing amount of expenditure on sickness and disability benefit. 1983 S. B. Kamerman et al. Maternity Policies & Working Women iii. 71 Firms with and without disability benefits have a similar variation in their policies relating to maximum leave. 2003 Independent 2 May i. 8 A miners' union won its battle in the High Court yesterday to improve the changes of disability benefits for workers suffering from the industrial disease vibration white finger (VWF). disability glare n. bright (often reflected) light which impairs vision; cf. discomfort glare n. at discomfort n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1929 Illuminating Engineer Dec. 309/1 Mr. Stiles had quite rightly discriminated between disability glare and discomfort glare, and had indicated how difficult it was to assess the effect of the latter form of glare. 1956 R. E. Levin Visual Environment in Today's Schools i. 8 Disability glare..is usually due to excessive light reaching the eye. 2005 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 8 Dec. g19 Disability glare..can reduce the distance at which we can identify low-contrast objects. disability rights n. the human, civil, and legal rights belonging to disabled people; spec. the rights of disabled people to be treated without discrimination and to enjoy equality of opportunity with abled people.In earliest use with reference to the rights of people (typically war veterans, police officers, and firefighters) to claim compensation for disabling injuries suffered in service. ΚΠ 1921 Logansport (Indiana) Pharos-Tribune 2 Sept. 2/1 (heading) Legion urges ex-service men to ask relief... Meeting of legionnaires to discuss disability rights. 1976 Beatrice (Nebraska) Daily Sun 4 Dec. 2/6 Ralph Nader's new Disability Rights Center..is headed by a tough California lawyer named Deborah Kaplan who..has mapped a campaign to rally the 10 million seriously disabled into a massive consumer lobby. 1991 U.S. News & World Rep. 27 May 26/1 Landmark legislation led the list, including child care, a hike in the minimum wage, disability rights and nutritional labeling. 2014 L. Erickson-Schroth Trans Bodies, Trans Selves x. 181 Similar experiences of exclusion and cultural stereotyping make disability rights and trans rights go hand in hand. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1545 |
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