单词 | dominant |
释义 | dominantadj.n. A. adj. 1. Exercising chief authority or rule: ruling, governing, commanding; most influential. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [adjective] > having chief authority chiefc1330 dominant?1533 dominative1599 dominating1611 uppermost1691 dominatory1816 ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Eeiii The qualytes principall domynant in the same. 1652 J. Gaule Πυς-μαντια 243 Few live, who when they are born, have Saturne dominant in their horoscope. 1680 A. Wood Life & Times (1892) II. 497 An odde feaverish sickness dominant in the Universitie. a1796 Reid (Mason) There are different orders of monads..the higher orders Leibnitz calls dominant; such is the human soul. 1813 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 10 102 The dominant party persecuted both in duty and in self-defence. 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. ii. 60 Dominant languages and dialects..lead to the gradual extinction of other tongues. 2. Occupying a commanding position. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > [adjective] > in commanding position (of a landform or feature) dominant1853 the world > space > relative position > high position > [adjective] > in higher position > dominating commandinga1661 uncommanded1693 domineering1694 predominant1796 dominant1853 overlooking1898 1853 J. S. C. Abbott in Harper's New Monthly Mag. Apr. 624/2 To take possession of the dominant points of the globe. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 81 We were dominant over all other mountains. 1871 J. Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. vi. 205 Lying in..a bay, sheltered by dominant hills. 1891 Nature 23 July 267 Dominant trees, with their head well above the others. 3. Roman Law. dominant land, dominant tenement: ‘the tenement or subject in favour of which a servitude exists or is constituted’ (Bell Dict. Law Scotl.). ΚΠ 1764 J. Erskine Princ. Law Scotl. (ed. 3) ii. ix. 212 If the rent be payable in meal, flour, or malt, the grain of which these are made, must be manufactured in the dominant mill. 1871 W. Markby Elem. Law §371 Adopting the language of the Roman Law, English lawyers call the land to which the easement is attached the dominant land, and the land over which it is exercised the servient land. 1875 E. Poste tr. Gaius Institutionum Iuris Civilis (ed. 2) ii. 166 Right of way for beast and man..over the servient tenement to the dominant tenement. 4. Music. [attributive use of B. 1b.] Belonging or relating to the dominant or fifth of the key; having the dominant for its root, as dominant chord, dominant seventh, etc. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [adjective] > diatonic scale > notes of tonic1761 subdominant1803 dominant1813 submediant1851 superdominant1864 1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (at cited word) The dominant or sensible chord is that which is practised upon the dominant of the tone. 1875 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Harmony (ed. 2) ii. 16. 1880 J. Stainer Composition §26 The third of the minor scale is commonly treated as a dominant discord. 1880 C. H. H. Parry in G. Grove Dict. Music I. 674 The modern Dominant Harmonic Cadence..defines the key absolutely. Categories » 5. Mathematics. dominant branch of a tree, one containing half or more of all the knots of a ‘tree’. 6. Forestry. Overtopping other trees; said esp. of those trees in a forest which have their crowns free to light on all sides. ΚΠ 1893 J. Nisbet Sel. Trees Woodland Crops 21 Four classes of stems become distinguishable, viz., (1) predominating, (2) dominant, (3) dominated, and (4) suppressed. 1908 A. M. F. Caccia Gloss. Techn. Terms Indian Forestry Dominant, a tree which has raised its crown above the level of the surrounding trees. 1930 Indian Forest Rec. XV. i. 2 Dominant Trees, including all trees which form the uppermost leaf canopy and have their leading shoots free. 7. Biology. [translating German dominierend (Mendel 1866, Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden in Verh. d. Naturforsch. Ver., Brünn 1865 IV. 10).] Of a hereditary character: appearing to the exclusion of another character in a heterozygous organism containing alleles for them both. Hence of an allele or gene: expressed to the exclusion of another allelic gene. Const. to, over. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [adjective] > other bequeathed1619 inheriting1622 propagablea1707 pure-bred1810 prepotent1859 pedigree1861 amphigonous1876 dominant1900 codominant1908 autosomal dominant1922 1900 W. Bateson in Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. XXV. 58 In the case of each pair of characters there is thus one which in the first cross prevails to the exclusion of the other. This prevailing character Mendel calls the dominant character, the other being the recessive character. 1925 C. C. Hurst Exper. in Genetics 246 In each pair, when crossed, Mendel found the first-named character dominant over the other. 1925 T. H. Morgan Evol. & Genetics 151 The genes that arise by mutation have been found to be largely recessive to the genes already present in the original type which are said, therefore, to be dominant to the new genes. 1953 W. Braun Bacterial Genetics i. 9 When a gene derived from one parent differs from the corresponding gene contributed by the other parent, the effect of only one of the two genes may dominate, covering up the detectable effects of the other. Such genes are called dominant. 1965 P. Bell & D. Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. (new ed.) ii. ii. 332 It is also possible for one gene to suppress the functioning of the other, i.e. one is dominant while its allele is recessive. 8. Ecology. Designating or pertaining to the predominant species in a plant community. ΚΠ 1923 G. E. Nichols in Ecology IV. 14 A distinction is frequently made between associations in which the position of dominance is shared by two or more species..and those in which a single species is dominant. 1950 Jrnl. Ecol. 38 108 Plant associations have been classified according to the ‘dominant’ species of the vegetation; that is, those which occur in a high proportion of quadrats. 9. dominant wavelength n. the wavelength or hue of a colour that determines the other colours with which it will match. ΚΠ 1913 W. de W. Abney Res. Colour Vision 415/2 Dominant wave-lengths. 1957 R. W. G. Hunt Reprod. Colour viii. 79 Subjective Term: Hue. Objective Term: Dominant Wavelength. 1957 R. W. G. Hunt Reprod. Colour viii. 193 Where θ is a correlate of the hue (in terms of dominant wavelength, for instance). B. n. 1. Music. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > diatonic scale series > notes in diatonic scale keya1450 seventh1591 fifth1597 final1609 octave1656 sub-octave1659 keynote1677 mediant1721 sensible note?1775 subdominant?1775 submediant?1775 medius1782 leading note1786 nominal1786 subsemitone1799 superdominant1806 supertonic1806 tonic1806 subtonic1817 dominant1823 sensitive note1845 nominal note1884 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > pitch > system of sounds or intervals > [noun] > medieval mode > notes of modes medius1563 mediant1721 dominant1823 modulation1880 participant1889 1823 G. Crabb Universal Technol. Dict. (at cited word) 1880 T. Helmore in Grove Dict. Music I. 626 To the 4 Authentic, St. Gregory added 4 ‘Plagal’..modes..The Dominants of the new scales are in each case a third below those of the old ones, C being however substituted for B♮ in the Hypo-mixo~lydian. b. In modern Music: The fifth note of the scale of any key; which is of special importance in relation to the harmonies of that key. (Also figurative.) ΚΠ 1813 [see sense A. 4]. 1855 R. Browning Toccata of Galuppi's viii Hark—the dominant's persistence till it must be answered to! 1861 D. Greenwell Poems 133 I would find My soul's true Dominant. 1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony i. 24. 2. Mathematics: see quot. 1881. ΚΠ 1881 Sylvester in Educ. Times XXXIV. 100 The dominant of a set of numbers meaning the greatest one of them without respect to sign. 3. Biology. A dominant allele or character; an individual in which a particular dominant allele is expressed. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic components > [noun] > allele > types of allele dominant1900 unit character1902 multiple allelomorph1913 lethal1917 marker1930 multiple allele1930 amorph1932 hypomorph1932 neomorph1932 isoallele1943 hypermorph1949 1900 W. Bateson in Jrnl. Royal Hort. Soc. XXV. 58 In this generation the numerical proportion of dominants to recessives is..as three to one. 1905 R. C. Punnett Mendelism 10 There are dominants which breed to the dominant character, and are therefore pure. 1913 Oxf. Univ. Gaz. 4 June 948/2 Hypolimnas..dubius, Beauv., proved to be a Mendelian dominant, and H. anthedon, Boisd., recessive. 1930 R. A. Fisher Genetical Theory Nat. Selection iii. 50 If..the mutant genes are dominant just as often as they are recessive, selection will be far more severe in eliminating the disadvantageous dominants than in eliminating the disadvantageous recessives. 1965 H. E. Sutton Introd. Human Genetics xvii. 213 Dominants that cannot be transmitted therefore cannot be distinguished from environmentally induced traits. 1967 Listener 6 Apr. 450/2 A predisposition towards depression is probably an inherited characteristic—biologically inherited, that is, as a Mendelian dominant, and not just acquired from the family environment. 4. Ecology. The chief constituent of a plant community. ΚΠ 1913 Tansley & Adamson in Jrnl. Ecol. 1 83 It is difficult to resist the conclusion that beech is the natural dominant in the magnificent series of woods. 1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession vi. 128 The association as usually understood becomes what is here termed the consociation, in so far as it is a climax community. This is the association with a single dominant. 1933 Forestry 7 122 There is little difference between the various stem-classes—dominants, co-dominants, and sub-dominants—as regards the distribution of form-classes. 1938 J. E. Weaver & F. E. Clements Plant Ecol. (ed. 2) iv. 91 The visible unity of the climax is due primarily to the dominants or controlling species. Derivatives ˈdominantly adv. in a dominating way; so as to dominate or sway. ΘΚΠ society > authority > power > influence > [adverb] > with controlling or prevailing influence dominantly1868 1868 Contemp. Rev. 7 155 A vital factor which has dominantly entered into..national life. 1869 Contemp. Rev. 11 447 The dominantly Jewish character of the population. Draft additions June 2012 In (sadomasochistic) sexual activity: designating the person or role characterized by dominance. Contrasted with submissive adj. 1d. ΚΠ 1969 Berkeley Barb 14 Feb. 20/6 (advt.) Dominant male with female slave seeks another submissive soul. 1970 W. Henry Spanking & Bondage v. 120 Dominant Lesbians..seek out submissive girls to be their roommates. In such cases, submissive sexual acts are incorporated into the disciplinary sessions. 1984 Irish Times 22 Aug. 11/1 An elderly professional dominant male wanted to meet a submissive female, 20 to 30, discretion guaranteed. 2007 Guardian 20 Sept. (G2 section) 17/3 You are both turned on by the type of erotic play broadly known as BDSM.., but whereas he enjoys being both a ‘bottom’ and a ‘top’ (playing either a submissive or dominant role), you are only comfortable being a ‘bottom’. Draft additions June 2012 A person who plays the dominant role in (sadomasochistic) sexual activity. Contrasted with submissive n. 2. Cf. dom n.4 ΚΠ 1972 Berkeley Barb 10 Mar. 15/6 (advt.) Handsome Young Masculine Ex-Marine dominent [sic]! S&M water sports toys... Bi-sexual stud. 1978 L. Kramer Faggots 288 Who is the Master, who is the Slave, which one the Top Man, which one the Bottom, who the Dominant, who the Submissive? 1996 S. P. Ramet Gender Reversals & Gender Cultures i. 13 Some so-called submissives are really dominants who want to ‘top from the bottom’. 2010 B. Walsh Intuitive Lovers v. 162 For me as a dominant if I do a really intense scene it requires a lot of emotional and spiritual energy, it's a closed scene intense between two people. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.?1533 |
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