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单词 donor
释义

donorn.

Brit. /ˈdəʊnə/, /ˈdəʊnɔː/, U.S. /ˈdoʊnər/
Forms: Also Middle English–1600s donour, 1600s–1700s doner.
Etymology: < Anglo-Norman donour, Old French doneur, duneor, modern French donneur < Latin dōnātōr-em, agent-noun < dōnāre to present.
1.
a. One who gives or presents; a giver; esp. in Law, one who grants an estate, or power for execution. Correlative to donee n.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > [noun] > giver
givera1300
bringera1400
donatorc1449
administerer1464
donora1513
tributor1548
administrator1561
accorder1861
a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. lxvii The ryghtfull Enheritours, or suche as were next Allied vnto the firste donours.
?1530 St. German's Dyaloge Doctoure & Student sig. qiii After the deth of the tenaunt in tayle without yssue the landes shall reuert to the donour.
1649 H. Hammond Vindic. Addresse 12 The Creator of the World, and sole doner of life.
1755 E. Young Centaur ii, in Wks. (1757) IV. 138 Enjoy, but enjoy reasonably, and thankfully to the great Donor.
1875 K. E. Digby Introd. Hist. Law Real Prop. v. 189 The doctrine..that a freehold interest in possession must pass instantly from donor to donee.
b. spec. A blood donor (see blood n. Compounds 5).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > surgery > transfusion > [noun] > one who gives blood for transfusion
blood donor1872
donor1910
1910 Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. 21 67/1 The serum of both donor and donee is capable of agglutinating the corpuscles of the other.
1936 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 28 Mar. 651/2 The patient's blood should in any case be grouped... If possible suitable donors can be chosen and warned to be in readiness.
1962 ‘J. le Carré’ Murder of Quality xviii. 178 ‘What was Stella's blood group, do you know?’ ‘Mine's B. I know that. I was a donor at Branxome. Hers was different.’
c. A person, alive or dead, from whom an organ or tissue is removed for surgical transplantation; also, an animal treated in this way.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > patient > [noun] > having undergone operations or treatments
vaccinee1859
amputee1910
donor1918
amp1929
laryngectomee1956
ostomate1966
1918 Jrnl. Med. Res. 38 35 In a number of cases the second lobe of thyroid from the third guinea-pig (the second donor) was transplanted into a control guinea-pig.
1930 Physiol. Rev. 10 549 The experiments..were mainly carried out in guinea pigs and rats and..thyroid gland and cartilage were transplanted simultaneously from donor to host in each case.
1955 Jrnl. Clin. Investig. 34 331/2 In two cases the kidneys came from living donors.
1963 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 14 Sept. 645/2 (heading) Renal transplantation in man: a report of five cases, using cadaveric donors.
1971 Daily Tel. 26 July 3/8 Doctors should only be allowed to remove an organ if the donor has given his consent in writing or if the nearest relative that it is practicable to contact, has given consent.
d. In artificial insemination: one from whom the semen is taken. Also attributive.
ΚΠ
1947 Lancet 19 Apr. 527/2 The signed statement of consent, usually obtained by the doctor from both the husband and wife before insemination with donor's semen (A.I.D.) is performed, is likely to be worthless legally.
1950 Ann. Reg. 1949 30 The Church could not condemn [artificial insemination] if the husband were the donor.
1958 New Statesman 18 Jan. 58/3 (heading) Donor Babies.
1958 New Statesman 25 Jan. 98/1 To afford a new legally regulated status to A.I.D. would..establish the donors as a socially approved class of persons.
2. Chemistry and Physics. An atom, molecule, etc., that loses a constituent part to something else; esp. (a) an atom, etc., that gives up a valency electron pair to another atom, so forming a co-ordinate bond with it; (b) in a semiconductor, an impurity atom which has a higher valency than the majority of the atoms and can give up a valency electron to the conduction band of the crystal; donor bond, a chemical bond which can be regarded as having had some of its strength transferred to another atom.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > atomic chemistry > [noun] > atoms > specific types of atoms
functional group1892
species1895
hetero-atom1900
radio-atom1905
isobar1918
donor1927
impurity atom1939
nuclide1947
strong collider1968
1927 N. V. Sidgwick Electronic Theory of Valency vii. 116 When a co-ordinate link is formed between two atoms, one of them gives the other a share in two of its own (previously unshared) electrons... We may call the atom which lends the two electrons..the donor, and the one which receives them..the acceptor.
1946 Trans. Faraday Soc. 42 100 Here we have to consider both the electron work function of the donor and the electron affinity of the acceptor.
1952 C. A. Coulson Valence ix. 252 This shows that the central C-C bond is an acceptor, acquiring bond order at the expense of the two end donor bonds.
1964 Guirard & Snell in Florkin & Stotz Comprehensive Biochem. XV. v. 173 At the stage of purity studied, the transaminase has a rather broad specificity for both amino group donors and acceptors.
1966 Chem. in Brit. 2 164/2 For triplet energy transfer from donor to acceptor to occur, the donor triplet must lie close to, or above that, of, the acceptor.
1971 Sci. Amer. July 34/2 If there are more acceptors than donors, current is carried by holes (positively charged) and the material is designated a p-type semiconductor.

Compounds

donor card n. originally U.S. an official card that can be carried by a person and states his or her blood group; a similar card authorizing the use of specified organs for transplant surgery in the event of the card-holder's death.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > healing > medical services and administration > [noun] > donor card
donor card1964
1964 Bibliotheca Haematologica XIX. 659 (caption) Rare type donor card.
1970 Jrnl. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. 10 255/1 A boon to the transplantation of kidneys is now a reality. A uniform donor card now is available whereby anyone may leave all tissues and organs..to medical science upon death.
1970 Jrnl. Amer. Pharmaceut. Assoc. 10 256/1 Donor cards have been used by eyebanks and tissue banks..for a number of years.
1972 Times 15 Nov. 2/8 (heading) Kidney donor cards display.
1975 U.S. News & World Rep. 8 Sept. 66 Two organizations run nationwide programs to handle the donation of organs. Donor cards and information can be obtained from: the National Kidney Foundation, [etc.].
1980 Times 29 Feb. 2 If a person carries a donor card, saying he wishes his organs to be used in the event of his death, that should overrule any objections by the coroner unless there is a reason..why the organ should not be used.
donor country n. (see quot. 1959). (See also senses 1c, 1d above.)
ΚΠ
1959 Britannica Bk. of Year 546/1 Another political coinage [in 1958] was donor country, a country giving financial or material aid to an underdeveloped nation.
1961 Ann. Reg. 1960 471 At least one donor country was realizing that aid could easily go down the drain.

Draft additions April 2002

donor fatigue n. a diminishing public willingness to donate to charitable causes, typically attributed to the frequency of appeals for money, or a feeling that such contributions have no real or lasting effect; cf. compassion fatigue n. at compassion n. Additions.
ΚΠ
1948 N.Y. Times 25 June 25/1 Donor fatigue is a natural result of inflation.
1973 E. M. Martin Devel. Co-operation i. i. 13 Comment on the current status and recent progress of the development partnership has been putting increasing emphasis on ‘donor fatigue’ with all aspects of development co-operation.
1978 D. Rothchild & R. L. Curry Scarcity, Choice & Public Policy in Middle Africa iii. vii. 274 For many opinion formers in Third World countries, aid is viewed as an interference in their internal affairs which entails undesirable consequences in terms of structural dependency... The upshot is considerable recipient skepticism and donor fatigue.
2001 Herald (Glasgow) (Electronic ed.) 7 Feb. Christian Aid says there is no evidence of donor fatigue since the earthquake in Gujarat, but such is our attention span that we don't want that human tragedy to bother us for more than a week.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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