downbeatn.

Brit.

/ˈdaʊnbiːt/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊnˌbit/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., beat n.¹

Etymology: < down adv. + beat n.¹ Compare upbeat n.

1. Music. A downward stroke of the hand, baton, etc., in beating time; spec. one indicating the first or most heavily accented note or beat of a bar, or the first beat of a piece of music. Hence: the first beat of a bar. Cf. thesis n. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > beat > accented beat

downbeat1766

arsis?1775

thesis1864

back beat1928

1766 W. Crumpton Treat. Decimals & Mensuration 293 Observe thro' the whole the down beat at the first note in every bar.

1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 61/2 Alternate bowing will lead to the recurrence of an up-bow on every alternate down-beat.

1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 95/2 We make the down beat for the strong accents, and raise our hand for the others.

1955 G. Abraham in H. van Thal Fanfare for E. Newman 13 Each wind instrument enters on a down-beat.

1986 ‘A. Burgess’ Homage to QWERT YUIOP 585 Give the downbeat. The orchestra starts to play.

2018 Canberra Times (Nexis) 23 Feb. 24 [The] conductor..was nearly leaping off his podium with every downbeat.

2. The downward movement of a wing in flying or of a leg in swimming.

ΚΠ

1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 31 In the bird..one active beat, only, is necessary, the down beat.

1932 Boys' Life Aug. 20/2 In swimming, the power for the down beat of the legs should come from the large muscles of the front of the body.

1937 John o' London's Weekly 7 May 217 To convert the energy of a down-beat in flapping flight into that forward thrust which gives to birds their speed through the air.

1975 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 65 20/1 Hummingbirds..must derive substantial power both from the downbeat and upbeat of the wings.

2003 E. W. Maglischo Swimming Fastest i. iii. 85 Swimmers use two basic leg movements, an upbeat and a downbeat, in each of these three strokes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

downbeatadj.

Brit.

/ˈdaʊnbiːt/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊnˌbit/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: downbeat n.

Etymology: < downbeat n., after upbeat adj. Probably also associated with beat as past participle of beat v.¹ (i.e. reanalysed as ‘beaten down’).

Originally U.S.

1. Characterized by pessimism or negativity; gloomy, sombre, morose.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing

darkOE

unmerryOE

deathlyc1225

dolefulc1275

elengec1275

dreicha1300

coolc1350

cloudyc1374

sada1375

colda1400

deadlya1400

joylessc1400

unjoyful?c1400

disconsolatea1413

mournfula1425

funeralc1425

uncheerfulc1449

dolent1489

dolesome1533

heavy-hearted1555

glum1558

ungladsome1558

black1562

pleasureless1567

dern1570

plaintive?1570

glummish1573

cheerless1575

comfortless1576

wintry1579

glummy1580

funebral1581

discouraging1584

dernful?1591

murk1596

recomfortless1596

sullen1597

amating1600

lugubrious1601

dusky1602

sable1603

funebrial1604

damping1607

mortifying1611

tearful?1611

uncouth1611

dulsome1613

luctual1613

dismal1617

winterous1617

unked1620

mopish1621

godforsaken?1623

uncheerly1627

funebrious1630

lugubrous1632

drearisome1633

unheartsome1637

feral1641

drear1645

darksome1649

sadding1649

saddening1650

disheartening1654

funebrous1654

luctiferous1656

mestifical1656

tristifical1656

sooty1657

dreary1667

tenebrose1677

clouded1682

tragicala1700

funereal1707

gloomy1710

sepulchrala1711

dumpishc1717

bleaka1719

depressive1727

lugubre1727

muzzy1728

dispiriting1733

uncheery1760

unconsolatory1760

unjolly1764

Decemberly1765

sombre1768

uncouthie1768

depressing1772

unmirthful1782

sombrous1789

disanimating1791

Decemberish1793

grey1794

uncheering1796

ungenial1796

uncomforting1798

disencouraginga1806

stern1812

chilling1815

uncheered1817

dejecting1818

mopey1821

desponding1828

wisht1829

leadening1835

unsportful1837

demoralizing1840

Novemberish1840

frigid1844

morne1844

tragic1848

wet-blanketty1848

morgue1850

ungladdeneda1851

adusk1856

smileless1858

soul-sick1858

Novemberya1864

saturnine1863

down1873

lacklustre1883

Heaven-abandoneda1907

downbeat1952

doomy1967

1952 N.Y. Times Mag. 6 Jan. 10 The visitor to Europe may be..distressed by the down-beat mood of the people.

1964 Kenyon Rev. 26 720 I never went to funerals before and I wouldn't even go to my own. The whole damn' downbeat subject don't interest me.

1982 Washington Post 25 Aug. d7/4 This downbeat assessment of the short-term investment climate is a central theme of the annual report of the International Finance Corp.

2015 Times (Nexis) 7 Jan. 23 The Democrats felt downbeat about their prospects, correctly as it turned out.

2. Characterized by understatement or lack of ostentation; muted, restrained.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > self-possession or self-control > [adjective]

coolc1430

coldc1500

within oneself (itself, etc.)1518

cool-headed1684

present to oneself1692

possesseda1698

self-restrained1700

self-collecteda1711

cool (cold) as a cucumbera1732

self-possessing1732

self-regulating1755

cool-brained1765

self-possessed1766

self-restraining1777

self-disciplined?1791

self-controlling1796

self-repressed1814

self-controlled1822

self-contained1838

self-repressing1849

unimpulsive1856

posé1858

downbeat1953

cucumber-cool1955

supercool1965

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [adjective] > underestimating or undervaluing > understated

understated1937

underplayed1951

downbeat1953

1953 Daily Rev. (Hayward, Calif.) 5 May 16/1 Steve..proved to be able to project his off-hand, down-beat style from a stage as well as in a studio.

1982 A. Winch Blood Royal ii. 13 A lanky, lugubrious man with the flattened vowels and downbeat humour of his native southern Yorkshire.

1993 Guardian 11 Oct. (Media section) 17/4 His writing is down-beat to the point of being laconic, but still manages to be funny.

2006 Independent (Nexis) 25 Aug. 53 He was looking forward to the big match with all the downbeat insouciance of a child on Christmas Eve who suspects that Santa is bringing him a puppy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	downbeat
释义	downbeatn. Brit. /ˈdaʊnbiːt/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌbit/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., beat n.¹ Etymology: < down adv. + beat n.¹ Compare upbeat n. 1. Music. A downward stroke of the hand, baton, etc., in beating time; spec. one indicating the first or most heavily accented note or beat of a bar, or the first beat of a piece of music. Hence: the first beat of a bar. Cf. thesis n. 1. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > duration of notes > proportion of notes or rhythm > [noun] > beat > accented beat downbeat1766 arsis?1775 thesis1864 back beat1928 1766 W. Crumpton Treat. Decimals & Mensuration 293 Observe thro' the whole the down beat at the first note in every bar. 1876 J. Stainer & W. A. Barrett Dict. Musical Terms 61/2 Alternate bowing will lead to the recurrence of an up-bow on every alternate down-beat. 1879 G. Grove Dict. Music I. 95/2 We make the down beat for the strong accents, and raise our hand for the others. 1955 G. Abraham in H. van Thal Fanfare for E. Newman 13 Each wind instrument enters on a down-beat. 1986 ‘A. Burgess’ Homage to QWERT YUIOP 585 Give the downbeat. The orchestra starts to play. 2018 Canberra Times (Nexis) 23 Feb. 24 [The] conductor..was nearly leaping off his podium with every downbeat. 2. The downward movement of a wing in flying or of a leg in swimming. ΚΠ 1871 Amer. Naturalist 5 31 In the bird..one active beat, only, is necessary, the down beat. 1932 Boys' Life Aug. 20/2 In swimming, the power for the down beat of the legs should come from the large muscles of the front of the body. 1937 John o' London's Weekly 7 May 217 To convert the energy of a down-beat in flapping flight into that forward thrust which gives to birds their speed through the air. 1975 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 65 20/1 Hummingbirds..must derive substantial power both from the downbeat and upbeat of the wings. 2003 E. W. Maglischo Swimming Fastest i. iii. 85 Swimmers use two basic leg movements, an upbeat and a downbeat, in each of these three strokes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). downbeatadj. Brit. /ˈdaʊnbiːt/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌbit/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: downbeat n. Etymology: < downbeat n., after upbeat adj. Probably also associated with beat as past participle of beat v.¹ (i.e. reanalysed as ‘beaten down’). Originally U.S. 1. Characterized by pessimism or negativity; gloomy, sombre, morose. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [adjective] > gloomy or depressing darkOE unmerryOE deathlyc1225 dolefulc1275 elengec1275 dreicha1300 coolc1350 cloudyc1374 sada1375 colda1400 deadlya1400 joylessc1400 unjoyful?c1400 disconsolatea1413 mournfula1425 funeralc1425 uncheerfulc1449 dolent1489 dolesome1533 heavy-hearted1555 glum1558 ungladsome1558 black1562 pleasureless1567 dern1570 plaintive?1570 glummish1573 cheerless1575 comfortless1576 wintry1579 glummy1580 funebral1581 discouraging1584 dernful?1591 murk1596 recomfortless1596 sullen1597 amating1600 lugubrious1601 dusky1602 sable1603 funebrial1604 damping1607 mortifying1611 tearful?1611 uncouth1611 dulsome1613 luctual1613 dismal1617 winterous1617 unked1620 mopish1621 godforsaken?1623 uncheerly1627 funebrious1630 lugubrous1632 drearisome1633 unheartsome1637 feral1641 drear1645 darksome1649 sadding1649 saddening1650 disheartening1654 funebrous1654 luctiferous1656 mestifical1656 tristifical1656 sooty1657 dreary1667 tenebrose1677 clouded1682 tragicala1700 funereal1707 gloomy1710 sepulchrala1711 dumpishc1717 bleaka1719 depressive1727 lugubre1727 muzzy1728 dispiriting1733 uncheery1760 unconsolatory1760 unjolly1764 Decemberly1765 sombre1768 uncouthie1768 depressing1772 unmirthful1782 sombrous1789 disanimating1791 Decemberish1793 grey1794 uncheering1796 ungenial1796 uncomforting1798 disencouraginga1806 stern1812 chilling1815 uncheered1817 dejecting1818 mopey1821 desponding1828 wisht1829 leadening1835 unsportful1837 demoralizing1840 Novemberish1840 frigid1844 morne1844 tragic1848 wet-blanketty1848 morgue1850 ungladdeneda1851 adusk1856 smileless1858 soul-sick1858 Novemberya1864 saturnine1863 down1873 lacklustre1883 Heaven-abandoneda1907 downbeat1952 doomy1967 1952 N.Y. Times Mag. 6 Jan. 10 The visitor to Europe may be..distressed by the down-beat mood of the people. 1964 Kenyon Rev. 26 720 I never went to funerals before and I wouldn't even go to my own. The whole damn' downbeat subject don't interest me. 1982 Washington Post 25 Aug. d7/4 This downbeat assessment of the short-term investment climate is a central theme of the annual report of the International Finance Corp. 2015 Times (Nexis) 7 Jan. 23 The Democrats felt downbeat about their prospects, correctly as it turned out. 2. Characterized by understatement or lack of ostentation; muted, restrained. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > self-possession or self-control > [adjective] coolc1430 coldc1500 within oneself (itself, etc.)1518 cool-headed1684 present to oneself1692 possesseda1698 self-restrained1700 self-collecteda1711 cool (cold) as a cucumbera1732 self-possessing1732 self-regulating1755 cool-brained1765 self-possessed1766 self-restraining1777 self-disciplined?1791 self-controlling1796 self-repressed1814 self-controlled1822 self-contained1838 self-repressing1849 unimpulsive1856 posé1858 downbeat1953 cucumber-cool1955 supercool1965 the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [adjective] > underestimating or undervaluing > understated understated1937 underplayed1951 downbeat1953 1953 Daily Rev. (Hayward, Calif.) 5 May 16/1 Steve..proved to be able to project his off-hand, down-beat style from a stage as well as in a studio. 1982 A. Winch Blood Royal ii. 13 A lanky, lugubrious man with the flattened vowels and downbeat humour of his native southern Yorkshire. 1993 Guardian 11 Oct. (Media section) 17/4 His writing is down-beat to the point of being laconic, but still manages to be funny. 2006 Independent (Nexis) 25 Aug. 53 He was looking forward to the big match with all the downbeat insouciance of a child on Christmas Eve who suspects that Santa is bringing him a puppy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1766adj.1952
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