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单词 dome
释义

domen.

Brit. /dəʊm/, U.S. /doʊm/
Forms: Also 1600s dosme, 1700s doom.
Etymology: In sense 1, apparently directly < Latin domus house, home; in other senses, < French dome (15–16th cent.; sometimes dosme, whence < modern French dôme), < Italian duomo house, house of God, ‘chiefe Church or Cathedrall Church in a citie’ (Florio), high cupola, dome (as a distinguishing feature of Italian cathedrals) < Latin domus house.
1. A house, a home; a stately building, a mansion. Now only as a poetical or dignified appellation.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > dwelling place or abode > a dwelling > a house > types of house > [noun] > large or palatial
palacec1300
dome1553
residencea1616
great house1623
mansion house1651
palazzo1657
châteauc1739
mansion1815
palacio1839
haveli1871
puri1935
1553 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Eneados xiii. Prol. 93 Unto my dome [= in my dwelling] I saw, ȝou neuir are.
1553 T. Wilson Arte Rhetorique (1580) 166 Dated at my Dome, or rather Mansion place in Lincolneshire.
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Dome..a Town-House, Guild-Hall, a State-House, Meeting-house in a city, from that of Florence, which is so called.
1724 J. Swift Riddle vii. 51 Sad charnel-house! a dismal dome, For which all mortals leave their home.
1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 74/2 They built temples..and other sacred domes.
1808 W. Scott Marmion vi. Introd. 305 Gladly as he, we seek the dome, And as reluctant turn us home.
figurative.1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II ii. vi. 64 Ambition's airy hall, The dome of Thought, the palace of the Soul.1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna ii. xliii. 53 Hoary crime would come Behind, and fraud rebuild religion's tottering dome.
2. A cathedral church; = dom n.2 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > principal place of worship > [noun]
minsterOE
architemple1297
cathedral church1297
High Churchc1325
seec1325
mother churcha1387
parish churcha1387
High Kirk1422
see churchc1449
duomo1549
basilica1563
parish kirk1563
cathedral1587
dome1691
basilic1703
dom1861
domchurch1864
1691 A. Gavin Observ. Journy to Naples 71 The Ceremony..Celebrated..at the Dome (so they call the Cathedral Churches in Italy).
1707 London Gaz. No. 4382/3 There was a Jew Christen'd last Sunday in the Dome of this City [Berlin].
1718 J. Addison Remarks Italy (ed. 2) 45 Pope Lucius, who lyes buried in the Dome.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea II. i. iii. 15 There is also the dome, which is a cathedral church.
3.
a. A rounded vault forming the roof of a building or chief part of it, and having a circular, elliptical, or polygonal base; a cupola.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [noun] > dome or cupola
tipe1532
cupola1549
thole1633
dome1656
tholosc1660
imperial1826
onion dome1868
domelet1883
geodesic dome1952
geodetic dome1957
geodesic1977
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Dome..a flat round Loover, or open roof to a Steeple, Banqueting-house, &c. Somewhat resembling the bell of a great Watch.
1660 F. Brooke tr. V. Le Blanc World Surveyed 114 The Kings Palace..was built square, with a Dosme.
1712 London Gaz. No. 5058/2 The Dome of the Cathedral was illuminated.
1760 tr. J. G. Keyssler Trav. (ed. 3) II. 311 The roof of the Pantheon is a round doome [1757 dome], without pillars or windows.
1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 66 The whispering gallery in the dome of St. Paul's cathedral, London.
a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 229 I defined a dome as the covering of a circular space produced by the revolution of an arch round its central vertical axis.
b. The hemispherical roof of an astronomical observatory, made to revolve and open so as to direct the telescope towards any part of the heavens.
ΚΠ
1865 Chambers's Encycl. VII. 30/2 Since the year 1852, a time-ball has been dropped on the dome of the Observatory..at precisely one o'clock.
4.
a. transferred. The vaulted roof of a cavern or natural hollow; the concave vault of the sky; a vaulted canopy; a canopy of trees, etc.; a beehive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > [noun] > like a vault or dome
vault1530
cope1667
dome1726
umbrella type1913
1726 J. Swift Gulliver II. iii. iii. 37 Whence the Astronomers descend into a large Dome..called..the Astronomers Cave.
1730 J. Thomson Autumn in Seasons 179 The tender race, By thousands, tumbles from their honey'd domes.
1797 A. Radcliffe Italian I. ii. 57 The whole dome of the sky had an appearance of transparency.
1817 Combe's Devil upon Two Sticks (ed. 5) VI. xxiv. 59 In a large bed, with a dome to it.
1830 Ld. Tennyson Recoll. Arab. Nights iv, in Poems 50 Imbowered vaults of pillared palm,..the dome Of hollow boughs.
1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. ii. 18 Some bubbles..had lifted the coating here and there into little rounded domes.
b. The convex rounded summit of a mountain, a wave, etc. In U.S., frequently entering into the names of rounded mountain peaks.
ΚΠ
1788 W. Jones Tartars v, in Wks. (1799) I. 52 A stupendous edifice, the beams and pillars of which are many ranges of lofty hills, and the dome, one prodigious mountain.]
1851 H. W. Longfellow Golden Legend v. 253 The billows..upon their flowing dome..poise her.
1856 A. P. Stanley Sinai & Palestine (1858) x. 366 Tabor with its rounded dome.
1882 Worcs. Exhib. Catal. iii. 58 Velvets..‘studded’ with polished domes.
1890 M. Townsend U.S.: Index to United States Amer. 138 Carter Dome, New Hampshire; The Dome, State of New York.
c. Geology. Any of various kinds of geological structure resembling a dome in shape (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > rock formations > [noun] > dome or cap
cap rock1867
dome1900
louderback1930
1833 C. Lyell Princ. Geol. III. xxi. 289 Suppose the five formations to lie in horizontal stratification at the bottom of the sea; then let a movement from below press them upwards into the form of a flattened dome, and let the crown of this dome be afterwards cut off.]
1900 Rep. Geol. Surv. Louisiana 1899 228 The dome of the salt is situated on the northeast of the island.
1900 Rep. Geol. Surv. Louisiana 1899 229 A very distinct anticline, or better, elongated dome.
1909 J. P. Iddings Igneous Rocks I. i. viii. 301 Since the more siliceous lavas are generally the more viscous when extruded, they are oftener found in domes than the less siliceous ones.
1930 Engineering 10 Jan. 39/3 A sulphur salt dome in Louisiana has yielded 9,000,000 tons of sulphur.
1936 C. M. Nevin Princ. Struct. Geol. (ed. 2) iii. 46 A dome is a roughly symmetrical upfold, the beds dipping in all directions, more or less equally, from a point.
1938 Nature 2 Apr. 599/1 The productive domes are fairly typical of the oil fields, being of small extent but giving large yields.
1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. vi. 73 Domes and basins represent the limiting cases in which the beds dip in all directions, outwards from, or inwards towards, the centre of the structure.
1944 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. xvi. 349 Salt domes are curious structures occurring in great numbers along the Gulf Coast of the United States.
1962 E. A. Vincent tr. A. Rittmann Volcanoes i. 26 The slowly extruded lava piles up into a dome over the mouth of the vent.
d. The head. slang.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > [noun]
nolleOE
headOE
topa1225
copc1264
scalpa1300
chiefc1330
crownc1330
jowla1400
poll?a1400
testea1400
ball in the hoodc1400
palleta1425
noddle?1507
costard?1515
nab?1536
neck1560
coxcomb1567
sconce1567
now1568
headpiece1579
mazer1581
mazardc1595
cockcomb1602
costrel1604
cranion1611
pasha1616
noddle pate1622
block1635
cranium1647
sallet1652
poundrel1664
nob1699
crany?1730
knowledge box1755
noodle1762
noggin1769
napper1785
garret1796
pimple1811
knowledge-casket1822
coco1828
cobbra1832
coconut1834
top-piece1838
nut1841
barnet1857
twopenny1859
chump1864
topknot1869
conk1870
masthead1884
filbert1886
bonce1889
crumpet1891
dome1891
roof1897
beanc1905
belfry1907
hat rack1907
melon1907
box1908
lemon1923
loaf1925
pound1933
sconec1945
nana1966
1891 J. S. Farmer Slang II. 305/2.
1918 C. Sandburg Cornhuskers 60 Your bony head..Those grappling hooks..The dome and the wings of you.
1923 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean ix. 160 He got tired of trying to shove the book stuff into ivory domes like yours.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren ix. 155 Children go in for short sharp words, as..‘bonce’, ‘block’, and ‘dome’ for head.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren x. 196 ‘Dong him on the dome’ (head).
5. Technical senses.
a. Manufacturing. The cover of a reverberatory furnace, etc.
ΚΠ
1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Dome ..among chymists, a kind of arched Cover for a Reverberatory Furnace.
1823 Johnson Specif. Patent 4747 2 The..uppermost vessel..must have a close dome or cover applied to it.
1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 127 The dome ought to be made as flat as possible consistent with durability, in order to reflect the heat down upon the coal.
b. Crystallography. (See quot.)
ΚΠ
1864 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 344 Dome, a term used in crystallography to designate a trimetric, monoclinic, or triclinic prism, whose faces and edges are parallel to one of the secondary axes.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §326 The term dome is employed not in contradistinction to the term prism or prismatid, but, like the latter term, conventionally and merely to distinguish these forms from one another.
c. In locomotive engines, the raised conical part of the boiler, forming a steam-chamber, the steam-dome (Weale Dict. Terms, 1849–50). In railway carriages, the raised roof, forming a space for ventilation and light (E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech., 1874).
ΚΠ
1841 Penny Cycl. XIX. 259/2 The steam-dome and similar parts are double.
d. Watchmaking. The back part of the inner case of a watch to which sometimes the works are attached.
ΚΠ
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 88 Used for attaching a watch movement to a dome case.
e. dome of silence n. the trade name of a type of castor (castor n.2 2) fitted to furniture; also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > [noun] > parts of furniture generally > foot > castor
dome of silence1924
glider1926
1924 Trade Marks Jrnl. 12 Mar. 551 Domes of Silence...Metal Castors for Furniture.
1925 A. Christie Secret of Chimneys xvii. 170 Those boots of yours aren't exactly domes of silence, are they, Bill?
1947 G. Greene 19 Stories 161 One of those cases of circumstantial evidence, in which you feel the jurymen's anxiety—because mistakes have been made—like domes of silence muting the court.
1960 Woman 13 Feb. 3/4 Domes of silence, small metal fittings for the legs of tables or chairs.
f. In full dome fastener. A press-stud consisting of a rounded portion which clips into a socket, used esp. as a fastener for gloves.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for hands > [noun] > glove > parts of > other
welt1883
palm1892
dome1910
1910 Daily Chron. 14 Mar. 6/4 Ladies' Kid Gloves..with 2 or 3 dome fasteners.
1926 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 17 Jan. 7/1 (advt.) Dome Fasteners. Black or White, assorted sizes.
1966 G. W. Turner Eng. Lang. in Austral. & N.Z. viii. 172 Press studs are called domes [in New Zealand].

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as dome-case, dome-cover, dome-face, dome-form, dome-head, dome-span, dome-spire, dome-theatre, dome-top, dome-vaulting; dome-like, dome-shaped adjs.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > arch > [adjective] > dome or cupola
coupled1615
cupolated1645
cupola'd1673
domic1823
dome-shaped1832
domy1833
domical1846
domed1855
domal1928
1797 College: a Satire 6 Science trailed her pall Through the dome-theatre and spacious hall.
1809 A. Henry Trav. & Adventures Canada 128 Its [the beaver's] house has an arched dome-like roof.
1813 J. M. Good et al. Pantologia (at cited word) Dome-vaulting..is lighter than any that can cover the same area.
1832 G. R. Porter Treat. Manuf. Porcelain & Glass 60 The dome-shaped roof.
1849 J. Weale Rudim. Dict. Terms Archit. ii. 149/2 Dome Cover, in locomotive engines, the brass or copper cover which encloses the dome, to prevent the radiation of heat.
1863–72 H. Watts Dict. Chem. II. 147 When trimetric crystals are bounded only by prismatic and dome-faces.
1895 N. Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. §328 Dome-forms with the general symbol (0kl).
C2.
dome-headed adj. having a large, well-rounded head.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > types of head > [adjective] > having
headedOE
cop-headed1519
small-headedc1540
jolt-headed1552
chuff-headed1563
ass-headed1584
two-headed1596
golden-headed1598
hard-headed1601
big-headed1614
bicipitous1646
buffle-headed1654
female-headed1655
heavy-headed1684
bullet-headed1699
jolter-headed1748
pinheaded1771
pigheaded1774
thin-headed1804
roundhead1842
bulbous-headed1860
blob-headed1865
occipital1873
fat-headed1883
mesopic1885
peanut-headed1906
dome-headed1910
1910 H. G. Wells Hist. Mr. Polly vii. 158 A certain high-browed gentleman living at Highbury... This dome-headed monster of intellect alleges [etc.].
1938 W. de la Mare Memory & Other Poems 75 A sage, dome-headed, grey, Who looked a child.
dome-light n. a dome-shaped lamp.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > light > artificial light > an artificial light > [noun] > lamp > defined by shape
bell-lamp1836
dome-light1956
1956 Archit. Rev. 119 354/4 The metal combined curbs and linings made for use with glass domelights.
1962 ‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed iii. 23 She sat back under the winking domelight.

Derivatives

ˈdomeless adj. not having a dome.
ΚΠ
1870 Athenæum 20 Aug. 232/3 In that domeless Domkirche of Cologne.

Draft additions 1993

[ < astrodome n. 2.] A sports stadium with a domed roof. Frequently as the final element in the names of stadiums of this kind. North American.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > sport > place for sports or games > [noun]
ring?a1400
rink1489
game place1542
playing field1583
rink-room1594
stadium1603
cirque1644
xystus1664
amphitheatre1710
field1730
grandstand1754
chunk-yard1773
sports ground1862
park1867
sports field1877
pitch1895
close1898
sports centre1907
padang1909
sports stadium1911
bowl1913
field house1922
sportsdrome1951
sports complex1957
astrodome1964
dome1965
sportsplex1974
1965 Sports Illustr. 12 Apr. 45 (heading) Giltfinger's golden dome [= Houston Astrodome].
1984 Toronto Star 28 Mar. a6/1 The Mississauga dome, which would be constructed on a site just to the west of the airport, would, like all the other prospective domes, require heavy government support.
1986 TV Guide (U.S.) 6 Dec. 20/2 NFL teams hate playing in the Kingdome because the crowd noise disrupts their offense.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

domev.

Etymology: < dome n.
1. transitive. To cover with or as with a dome.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > building or providing with specific parts > build or provide with specific parts [verb (transitive)] > roof > provide with domed or arched roof
embow1481
envault1523
cupola1615
cope1705
dome1876
1876 A. D. Whitney Sights & Insights xxv. 248 An enlarged chamber, almost domed in by the deep scooped over~leaning wall.
1885 Ld. Tennyson Early Spring i [He] domes the red-plow'd hills With loving blue.
1894 S. Baring-Gould Deserts S. France II. xix. 88 To the Romans there was no necessity for doming over quadrangular spaces.
2. To make dome-shaped.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (transitive)] > like vault or dome
vault1552
dome1879
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 299/1 And brings down upon them a polished globular punch, which domes them up.
1894 Mrs. H. Ward Marcella I. ii. iv. 293 The roof had been raised and domed.
3. intransitive. To rise or swell as a dome.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > shape > curvature > curved surface > form curved surface [verb (intransitive)] > like vault or dome
vault1805
dome1887
1887 Argosy Jan. 32 The cathedral towered, or rather domed, above the ramparts.
1894 A. Conan Doyle Sherlock Holmes 261 His forehead domes out in a white curve.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2019).
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