downdraughtdowndraftn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈdaʊndrɑːft/,

/ˈdaʊndraft/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊnˌdræft/, Scottish English

/ˈdʌʊndraft/

Forms: see down adv. and draught n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., draught n.

Etymology: < down adv. + draught n.With sense A. 1a compare down-drag n.

A. n.

a. Scottish. A person who or thing which drags or weighs someone down; a depressing influence; a burden. Cf. down-drag n. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at Doon) records this phrase as still in use in Angus and Stirling in 1940.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances

cloudc1430

palla1450

melancholya1475

downdraughta1681

Job's comforter1738

damper1748

killjoy1776

wet blanket1810

down-drag1814

chill1821

dismals1829

shadow1855

down1856

a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857

wet blanket1857

depressor1868

dampener1887

sorry-go-round1898

wet smack1927

bringdown1935

droopy drawers1939

big chill1943

party pooper1947

misery1951

party poop1951

grinch1966

downer1969

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > that which or one who

encumberc1330

cumberc1425

cumbererc1450

encumbrance1535

encumbry1546

pesterance1548

burdener1552

pester1569

cloyance1593

encumberment1600

impedimenta1600

pesterer1611

baggage1612

luggage1614

cumbrance1645

embarrassment1676

downdraughta1681

hamperera1837

cumberment1840

cloyer1842

a1681 J. Welch Alarm to Impenitent (1710) 7 Some Men leave off some Sins or such a Sin, and all the reason is because, it wronged their Credit, or was a Downdraught to their Family.

1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 68 We yield To nae downdraught but perfect eild.

1850 A. McGilvray Poems 58 Wives, and wives' friends..are..a d——d down-draught, If they be poor.

1895 Glasgow Evening News 30 Oct. 6/1 From his knowledge, he could say these steelworks were merely a down-draught on the company, and should be disposed of at once.

1929 Scotsman 16 July 8/6 At this point we see Mount Benger, the farm which became such a sore downdraught to James Hogg.

†b. Chiefly Scottish. A profligate person; a ne'er-do-well. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1835 Aberdeen Shaver Jan. 125 He is..nothing better than a down-draught, or ne'er-do-weel.

1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. xi. 259 They were chiefly ‘down-draughts’, bankrupts, men always in debt and often in drink.

1895 Sunday at Home July 658/2 She had married a doon draught, and must e'en make the best of him.

a. The downward movement of air through a chimney; a current of air drawn downward through a chimney.

ΚΠ

1817 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 125/2 The best construction for the interior of a chimney, so that the annoying evil of smoking and down-draught may be prevented.

1849 Dublin Rev. Dec. 541 How the north wind should always drive a down-draught..into his drawing-room.

1907 Daily Chron. 25 Oct. 8/5 It was maddening that these harsh down-draughts of the smoke should come to help the enemy [sc. death].

1950 Country Life 27 Oct. 1418/2 The enclosed photograph..shows a chimney with a marked kink... Perhaps some more observant reader could say whether this feature..is to improve the updraught or to check downdraught.

2014 Philadelphia Inquirer 12 Feb. c3/3 To make matters worse, the downdraft blew smoldering embers onto the newly laid white carpet.

b. A downward-moving draught in a room or other confined space, such as one coming from a vent or window.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air > downward current

downdraught1842

1842 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 5 Feb. These tubes [i.e. air-tubes providing ventilation] may open directly through the roof itself, terminating with a cap, to prevent down-draughts.

1867 Pop. Sci. Rev. 6 410 At the level of the ceiling a number of perforated bricks are introduced into the wall... In order to prevent..a down-draught from these openings, a cornice is so arranged as to cover them.

1921 Electrician 8 Apr. 402/1 An air-brick..placed in an external wall..as often as not results in a cold down draught.

1988 Guardian 3 Sept. 26/4 The classic recommendation is to fit radiators beneath windows to warm down draughts.

2000 U. Larsson & B. Moshfegh in H. B. Awbi Air Distribution in Rooms II. 774 The intention of this paper is to investigate the downdraught below a well-insulated window.

c. Meteorology. A descending current of air.

ΚΠ

1884 N. S. Shaler First Bk. Geol. iii. 58 The less-heated air, from regions nearer the poles, flows down towards the equator. This causes a down-draft into the far northern and southern regions.

1900 Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S.) 28 289/1 The down draft of an eastern current of air into the Page Valley, which often begins about 6 p.m., interests me.

1949 Thunderstorm iii. 52/1 As the storm cell grows and a downdraft develops, the surface winds take on an entirely different character.

1961 Guardian 4 Sept. 1/6 The sports plane was apparently caught by a down-draught.

2011 Fortean Times Mar. 4/1 Another idea was that the birds..had been hit by a microburst, a sudden fierce downdraft of wind.

d. The powerful downward blast of air generated by the rotors of a helicopter, esp. that coming from a helicopter on or close to the ground; an instance of this.In quot. 1908 with reference to a small, unmanned model of an early helicopter designed and built by French inventor Paul Cornu.

ΚΠ

1908 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 16 May 316/1 The model helicopter consisted..of two relatively large propellers..arranged to blow downward upon two small planes set at an angle... The down draft of air upon these planes caused the machine to move along in a horizontal direction as soon as it had been raised in the air by the propellers.

1946 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 8 July 5/1 The helicopter made three or four runs over the cattle... Downdraft of the rotor shot the insecticide to the ground and then swirled it up and around the cattle.

1950 Pop. Mech. Dec. 75/2 The downdraft from the spinning blades [of the helicopter] literally blew out the fire.

1977 C. Thomas Firefox (1978) iv. 109 A chopper buzzed overhead, the downdraught plucking at his cap and jacket, flapping his trousers.

2010 Economist 11 Dec. (Technol. Q. Suppl.) 8/1 Their huge rotors create a powerful downdraft that makes handling that payload rather tricky.

3. Chiefly in form downdraft. A depressing economic force or influence; (in weakened use) a decline in economic activity or the value of a stock, a market, etc.; a downturn.Quot. 1852 shows an apparently isolated early example. Modern use originated in the United States as a meteorological metaphor; cf. sense A. 2c.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > prices of stocks and shares > fall or tendency to fall

downdraught1852

decline1885

dip1892

depreciation1900

downside1905

retreat1916

downside potential1938

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy

inflation1821

economic cycle1832

recovery1843

downdraught1852

perfect competition1853

downturn1858

softness1872

slump1888

downtrend1890

sag1891

under-consumption1895

recession1905

downdrift1906

economic recession1908

air pocket1913

stickiness1913

trough1916

deflation1920

downswing1922

slowdown1922

scissors1924

scissors crisis1925

uptrend1926

reflation1932

depresh1933

upswing1934

stagnation1938

countercycle1944

fiscal cliff1957

turn-down1957

stagflation1965

soft landing1973

slumpflation1974

downer1976

1852 Dundee Courier 12 May That very month [sc. April, 1851] was held then to be proof of progress; but now, when there is a down-draught, it is quietly set up as exceeding ‘the ordinary average’!

1960 Sunday Gaz.-Mail (Charleston, W. Va.) 3 Jan. 9 c/5 You will not change your course until one of your speculations gets caught in a downdraft and you discover that stock markets go down as well as up.

1970 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 8 Aug. 1331/1 The stock market has been caught in a vicious downdraft—the worst since 1937.

1991 Forbes 2 Sept. 324/3 This is a stock for buying and holding only for those with a fairly long time frame and the psychology to ride out downdrafts.

2009 Financial Times 14 May 34/1 The downdraft was so brutal it blew away all talk of..global growth.

†4. The drawing or displacing of water by an object as it sinks. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 24 The down-draught of the anchor had sucked him after it almost to the bottom.

B. adj.

1. Designating a furnace, kiln, etc., in which heated air rises up before being deflected and drawn down into the main chamber.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [adjective] > types of

reverbatory1594

reverberatory1613

reverberating1650

reverberated1678

downdraught1854

regenerating1858

regenerative1861

recuperative1864

reverbating1868

1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 29 Dec. 100/1 (heading) The down-draught smokeless furnace.

1906 T. Moore Handbk. Pract. Smithing & Forging ii. 6 These down-draught hearths are now being adopted in many of the modern works.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 130/2 Intermittent kilns may be of the rectangular or round down-draught type.

2009 S. Branfman Mastering Raku vii. 70/1 Unless you're building a true downdraft kiln, you don't have to worry about a stack or chimney.

2. Designating a carburettor in which air enters at the top of the unit and passes downwards before mixing with fuel.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [adjective] > specific parts

float-feed1902

thermo-siphonic1920

cutting-in1924

downdraught1929

wet1935

choke1959

1929 Times 10 Oct. 8/5 A notable addition to the two engines is the new down-draught carburettor.

1935 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 39 503 A centrifugal fan delivers compressed air to a Stromberg down-draught carburettor.

1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) iii. 51 Carburetters may be updraught, horizontal or down-draught, according to the direction in which the main mixture stream is fed into the engine.

2015 P. Pugh Magic of Name Rolls-Royce Story (Electronic ed.) viii. Tomahawks were lucky because they had a top air intake and a downdraught carburettor.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	downdraught
释义	downdraughtdowndraftn.adj. Brit. /ˈdaʊndrɑːft/, /ˈdaʊndraft/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌdræft/, Scottish English /ˈdʌʊndraft/ Forms: see down adv. and draught n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., draught n. Etymology: < down adv. + draught n.With sense A. 1a compare down-drag n. A. n. 1. a. Scottish. A person who or thing which drags or weighs someone down; a depressing influence; a burden. Cf. down-drag n. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at Doon) records this phrase as still in use in Angus and Stirling in 1940. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances cloudc1430 palla1450 melancholya1475 downdraughta1681 Job's comforter1738 damper1748 killjoy1776 wet blanket1810 down-drag1814 chill1821 dismals1829 shadow1855 down1856 a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857 wet blanket1857 depressor1868 dampener1887 sorry-go-round1898 wet smack1927 bringdown1935 droopy drawers1939 big chill1943 party pooper1947 misery1951 party poop1951 grinch1966 downer1969 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > that which or one who encumberc1330 cumberc1425 cumbererc1450 encumbrance1535 encumbry1546 pesterance1548 burdener1552 pester1569 cloyance1593 encumberment1600 impedimenta1600 pesterer1611 baggage1612 luggage1614 cumbrance1645 embarrassment1676 downdraughta1681 hamperera1837 cumberment1840 cloyer1842 a1681 J. Welch Alarm to Impenitent (1710) 7 Some Men leave off some Sins or such a Sin, and all the reason is because, it wronged their Credit, or was a Downdraught to their Family. 1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 68 We yield To nae downdraught but perfect eild. 1850 A. McGilvray Poems 58 Wives, and wives' friends..are..a d——d down-draught, If they be poor. 1895 Glasgow Evening News 30 Oct. 6/1 From his knowledge, he could say these steelworks were merely a down-draught on the company, and should be disposed of at once. 1929 Scotsman 16 July 8/6 At this point we see Mount Benger, the farm which became such a sore downdraught to James Hogg. †b. Chiefly Scottish. A profligate person; a ne'er-do-well. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1835 Aberdeen Shaver Jan. 125 He is..nothing better than a down-draught, or ne'er-do-weel. 1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. xi. 259 They were chiefly ‘down-draughts’, bankrupts, men always in debt and often in drink. 1895 Sunday at Home July 658/2 She had married a doon draught, and must e'en make the best of him. 2. a. The downward movement of air through a chimney; a current of air drawn downward through a chimney. ΚΠ 1817 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 125/2 The best construction for the interior of a chimney, so that the annoying evil of smoking and down-draught may be prevented. 1849 Dublin Rev. Dec. 541 How the north wind should always drive a down-draught..into his drawing-room. 1907 Daily Chron. 25 Oct. 8/5 It was maddening that these harsh down-draughts of the smoke should come to help the enemy [sc. death]. 1950 Country Life 27 Oct. 1418/2 The enclosed photograph..shows a chimney with a marked kink... Perhaps some more observant reader could say whether this feature..is to improve the updraught or to check downdraught. 2014 Philadelphia Inquirer 12 Feb. c3/3 To make matters worse, the downdraft blew smoldering embers onto the newly laid white carpet. b. A downward-moving draught in a room or other confined space, such as one coming from a vent or window. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air > downward current downdraught1842 1842 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 5 Feb. These tubes [i.e. air-tubes providing ventilation] may open directly through the roof itself, terminating with a cap, to prevent down-draughts. 1867 Pop. Sci. Rev. 6 410 At the level of the ceiling a number of perforated bricks are introduced into the wall... In order to prevent..a down-draught from these openings, a cornice is so arranged as to cover them. 1921 Electrician 8 Apr. 402/1 An air-brick..placed in an external wall..as often as not results in a cold down draught. 1988 Guardian 3 Sept. 26/4 The classic recommendation is to fit radiators beneath windows to warm down draughts. 2000 U. Larsson & B. Moshfegh in H. B. Awbi Air Distribution in Rooms II. 774 The intention of this paper is to investigate the downdraught below a well-insulated window. c. Meteorology. A descending current of air. ΚΠ 1884 N. S. Shaler First Bk. Geol. iii. 58 The less-heated air, from regions nearer the poles, flows down towards the equator. This causes a down-draft into the far northern and southern regions. 1900 Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S.) 28 289/1 The down draft of an eastern current of air into the Page Valley, which often begins about 6 p.m., interests me. 1949 Thunderstorm iii. 52/1 As the storm cell grows and a downdraft develops, the surface winds take on an entirely different character. 1961 Guardian 4 Sept. 1/6 The sports plane was apparently caught by a down-draught. 2011 Fortean Times Mar. 4/1 Another idea was that the birds..had been hit by a microburst, a sudden fierce downdraft of wind. d. The powerful downward blast of air generated by the rotors of a helicopter, esp. that coming from a helicopter on or close to the ground; an instance of this.In quot. 1908 with reference to a small, unmanned model of an early helicopter designed and built by French inventor Paul Cornu. ΚΠ 1908 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 16 May 316/1 The model helicopter consisted..of two relatively large propellers..arranged to blow downward upon two small planes set at an angle... The down draft of air upon these planes caused the machine to move along in a horizontal direction as soon as it had been raised in the air by the propellers. 1946 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 8 July 5/1 The helicopter made three or four runs over the cattle... Downdraft of the rotor shot the insecticide to the ground and then swirled it up and around the cattle. 1950 Pop. Mech. Dec. 75/2 The downdraft from the spinning blades [of the helicopter] literally blew out the fire. 1977 C. Thomas Firefox (1978) iv. 109 A chopper buzzed overhead, the downdraught plucking at his cap and jacket, flapping his trousers. 2010 Economist 11 Dec. (Technol. Q. Suppl.) 8/1 Their huge rotors create a powerful downdraft that makes handling that payload rather tricky. 3. Chiefly in form downdraft. A depressing economic force or influence; (in weakened use) a decline in economic activity or the value of a stock, a market, etc.; a downturn.Quot. 1852 shows an apparently isolated early example. Modern use originated in the United States as a meteorological metaphor; cf. sense A. 2c. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > prices of stocks and shares > fall or tendency to fall downdraught1852 decline1885 dip1892 depreciation1900 downside1905 retreat1916 downside potential1938 society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy inflation1821 economic cycle1832 recovery1843 downdraught1852 perfect competition1853 downturn1858 softness1872 slump1888 downtrend1890 sag1891 under-consumption1895 recession1905 downdrift1906 economic recession1908 air pocket1913 stickiness1913 trough1916 deflation1920 downswing1922 slowdown1922 scissors1924 scissors crisis1925 uptrend1926 reflation1932 depresh1933 upswing1934 stagnation1938 countercycle1944 fiscal cliff1957 turn-down1957 stagflation1965 soft landing1973 slumpflation1974 downer1976 1852 Dundee Courier 12 May That very month [sc. April, 1851] was held then to be proof of progress; but now, when there is a down-draught, it is quietly set up as exceeding ‘the ordinary average’! 1960 Sunday Gaz.-Mail (Charleston, W. Va.) 3 Jan. 9 c/5 You will not change your course until one of your speculations gets caught in a downdraft and you discover that stock markets go down as well as up. 1970 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 8 Aug. 1331/1 The stock market has been caught in a vicious downdraft—the worst since 1937. 1991 Forbes 2 Sept. 324/3 This is a stock for buying and holding only for those with a fairly long time frame and the psychology to ride out downdrafts. 2009 Financial Times 14 May 34/1 The downdraft was so brutal it blew away all talk of..global growth. †4. The drawing or displacing of water by an object as it sinks. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 24 The down-draught of the anchor had sucked him after it almost to the bottom. B. adj. 1. Designating a furnace, kiln, etc., in which heated air rises up before being deflected and drawn down into the main chamber. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [adjective] > types of reverbatory1594 reverberatory1613 reverberating1650 reverberated1678 downdraught1854 regenerating1858 regenerative1861 recuperative1864 reverbating1868 1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 29 Dec. 100/1 (heading) The down-draught smokeless furnace. 1906 T. Moore Handbk. Pract. Smithing & Forging ii. 6 These down-draught hearths are now being adopted in many of the modern works. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 130/2 Intermittent kilns may be of the rectangular or round down-draught type. 2009 S. Branfman Mastering Raku vii. 70/1 Unless you're building a true downdraft kiln, you don't have to worry about a stack or chimney. 2. Designating a carburettor in which air enters at the top of the unit and passes downwards before mixing with fuel. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [adjective] > specific parts float-feed1902 thermo-siphonic1920 cutting-in1924 downdraught1929 wet1935 choke1959 1929 Times 10 Oct. 8/5 A notable addition to the two engines is the new down-draught carburettor. 1935 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 39 503 A centrifugal fan delivers compressed air to a Stromberg down-draught carburettor. 1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) iii. 51 Carburetters may be updraught, horizontal or down-draught, according to the direction in which the main mixture stream is fed into the engine. 2015 P. Pugh Magic of Name Rolls-Royce Story (Electronic ed.) viii. Tomahawks were lucky because they had a top air intake and a downdraught carburettor. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.a1681
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