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单词 downdraught
释义

downdraughtdowndraftn.adj.

Brit. /ˈdaʊndrɑːft/, /ˈdaʊndraft/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌdræft/, Scottish English /ˈdʌʊndraft/
Forms: see down adv. and draught n.
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., draught n.
Etymology: < down adv. + draught n.With sense A. 1a compare down-drag n.
A. n.
1.
a. Scottish. A person who or thing which drags or weighs someone down; a depressing influence; a burden. Cf. down-drag n. Now rare. Sc. National Dict. (at Doon) records this phrase as still in use in Angus and Stirling in 1940.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > suffering > dejection > [noun] > depressing quality > depressing thing, person, or circumstances
cloudc1430
palla1450
melancholya1475
downdraughta1681
Job's comforter1738
damper1748
killjoy1776
wet blanket1810
down-drag1814
chill1821
dismals1829
shadow1855
down1856
a skeleton at the feast (or banquet)1857
wet blanket1857
depressor1868
dampener1887
sorry-go-round1898
wet smack1927
bringdown1935
droopy drawers1939
big chill1943
party pooper1947
misery1951
party poop1951
grinch1966
downer1969
the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > [noun] > encumberment > that which or one who
encumberc1330
cumberc1425
cumbererc1450
encumbrance1535
encumbry1546
pesterance1548
burdener1552
pester1569
cloyance1593
encumberment1600
impedimenta1600
pesterer1611
baggage1612
luggage1614
cumbrance1645
embarrassment1676
downdraughta1681
hamperera1837
cumberment1840
cloyer1842
a1681 J. Welch Alarm to Impenitent (1710) 7 Some Men leave off some Sins or such a Sin, and all the reason is because, it wronged their Credit, or was a Downdraught to their Family.
1813 E. Picken Misc. Poems I. 68 We yield To nae downdraught but perfect eild.
1850 A. McGilvray Poems 58 Wives, and wives' friends..are..a d——d down-draught, If they be poor.
1895 Glasgow Evening News 30 Oct. 6/1 From his knowledge, he could say these steelworks were merely a down-draught on the company, and should be disposed of at once.
1929 Scotsman 16 July 8/6 At this point we see Mount Benger, the farm which became such a sore downdraught to James Hogg.
b. Chiefly Scottish. A profligate person; a ne'er-do-well. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1835 Aberdeen Shaver Jan. 125 He is..nothing better than a down-draught, or ne'er-do-weel.
1849 C. Brontë Shirley II. xi. 259 They were chiefly ‘down-draughts’, bankrupts, men always in debt and often in drink.
1895 Sunday at Home July 658/2 She had married a doon draught, and must e'en make the best of him.
2.
a. The downward movement of air through a chimney; a current of air drawn downward through a chimney.
ΚΠ
1817 New Monthly Mag. Mar. 125/2 The best construction for the interior of a chimney, so that the annoying evil of smoking and down-draught may be prevented.
1849 Dublin Rev. Dec. 541 How the north wind should always drive a down-draught..into his drawing-room.
1907 Daily Chron. 25 Oct. 8/5 It was maddening that these harsh down-draughts of the smoke should come to help the enemy [sc. death].
1950 Country Life 27 Oct. 1418/2 The enclosed photograph..shows a chimney with a marked kink... Perhaps some more observant reader could say whether this feature..is to improve the updraught or to check downdraught.
2014 Philadelphia Inquirer 12 Feb. c3/3 To make matters worse, the downdraft blew smoldering embers onto the newly laid white carpet.
b. A downward-moving draught in a room or other confined space, such as one coming from a vent or window.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air > downward current
downdraught1842
1842 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 5 Feb. These tubes [i.e. air-tubes providing ventilation] may open directly through the roof itself, terminating with a cap, to prevent down-draughts.
1867 Pop. Sci. Rev. 6 410 At the level of the ceiling a number of perforated bricks are introduced into the wall... In order to prevent..a down-draught from these openings, a cornice is so arranged as to cover them.
1921 Electrician 8 Apr. 402/1 An air-brick..placed in an external wall..as often as not results in a cold down draught.
1988 Guardian 3 Sept. 26/4 The classic recommendation is to fit radiators beneath windows to warm down draughts.
2000 U. Larsson & B. Moshfegh in H. B. Awbi Air Distribution in Rooms II. 774 The intention of this paper is to investigate the downdraught below a well-insulated window.
c. Meteorology. A descending current of air.
ΚΠ
1884 N. S. Shaler First Bk. Geol. iii. 58 The less-heated air, from regions nearer the poles, flows down towards the equator. This causes a down-draft into the far northern and southern regions.
1900 Monthly Weather Rev. (U.S.) 28 289/1 The down draft of an eastern current of air into the Page Valley, which often begins about 6 p.m., interests me.
1949 Thunderstorm iii. 52/1 As the storm cell grows and a downdraft develops, the surface winds take on an entirely different character.
1961 Guardian 4 Sept. 1/6 The sports plane was apparently caught by a down-draught.
2011 Fortean Times Mar. 4/1 Another idea was that the birds..had been hit by a microburst, a sudden fierce downdraft of wind.
d. The powerful downward blast of air generated by the rotors of a helicopter, esp. that coming from a helicopter on or close to the ground; an instance of this.In quot. 1908 with reference to a small, unmanned model of an early helicopter designed and built by French inventor Paul Cornu.
ΚΠ
1908 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 16 May 316/1 The model helicopter consisted..of two relatively large propellers..arranged to blow downward upon two small planes set at an angle... The down draft of air upon these planes caused the machine to move along in a horizontal direction as soon as it had been raised in the air by the propellers.
1946 Altoona (Pa.) Mirror 8 July 5/1 The helicopter made three or four runs over the cattle... Downdraft of the rotor shot the insecticide to the ground and then swirled it up and around the cattle.
1950 Pop. Mech. Dec. 75/2 The downdraft from the spinning blades [of the helicopter] literally blew out the fire.
1977 C. Thomas Firefox (1978) iv. 109 A chopper buzzed overhead, the downdraught plucking at his cap and jacket, flapping his trousers.
2010 Economist 11 Dec. (Technol. Q. Suppl.) 8/1 Their huge rotors create a powerful downdraft that makes handling that payload rather tricky.
3. Chiefly in form downdraft. A depressing economic force or influence; (in weakened use) a decline in economic activity or the value of a stock, a market, etc.; a downturn.Quot. 1852 shows an apparently isolated early example. Modern use originated in the United States as a meteorological metaphor; cf. sense A. 2c.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > [noun] > prices of stocks and shares > fall or tendency to fall
downdraught1852
decline1885
dip1892
depreciation1900
downside1905
retreat1916
downside potential1938
society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > states or trends of the economy
inflation1821
economic cycle1832
recovery1843
downdraught1852
perfect competition1853
downturn1858
softness1872
slump1888
downtrend1890
sag1891
under-consumption1895
recession1905
downdrift1906
economic recession1908
air pocket1913
stickiness1913
trough1916
deflation1920
downswing1922
slowdown1922
scissors1924
scissors crisis1925
uptrend1926
reflation1932
depresh1933
upswing1934
stagnation1938
countercycle1944
fiscal cliff1957
turn-down1957
stagflation1965
soft landing1973
slumpflation1974
downer1976
1852 Dundee Courier 12 May That very month [sc. April, 1851] was held then to be proof of progress; but now, when there is a down-draught, it is quietly set up as exceeding ‘the ordinary average’!
1960 Sunday Gaz.-Mail (Charleston, W. Va.) 3 Jan. 9 c/5 You will not change your course until one of your speculations gets caught in a downdraft and you discover that stock markets go down as well as up.
1970 Econ. & Polit. Weekly 8 Aug. 1331/1 The stock market has been caught in a vicious downdraft—the worst since 1937.
1991 Forbes 2 Sept. 324/3 This is a stock for buying and holding only for those with a fairly long time frame and the psychology to ride out downdrafts.
2009 Financial Times 14 May 34/1 The downdraft was so brutal it blew away all talk of..global growth.
4. The drawing or displacing of water by an object as it sinks. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1899 F. T. Bullen Way Navy 24 The down-draught of the anchor had sucked him after it almost to the bottom.
B. adj.
1. Designating a furnace, kiln, etc., in which heated air rises up before being deflected and drawn down into the main chamber.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > furnace or kiln > [adjective] > types of
reverbatory1594
reverberatory1613
reverberating1650
reverberated1678
downdraught1854
regenerating1858
regenerative1861
recuperative1864
reverbating1868
1854 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 29 Dec. 100/1 (heading) The down-draught smokeless furnace.
1906 T. Moore Handbk. Pract. Smithing & Forging ii. 6 These down-draught hearths are now being adopted in many of the modern works.
1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 130/2 Intermittent kilns may be of the rectangular or round down-draught type.
2009 S. Branfman Mastering Raku vii. 70/1 Unless you're building a true downdraft kiln, you don't have to worry about a stack or chimney.
2. Designating a carburettor in which air enters at the top of the unit and passes downwards before mixing with fuel.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > machine > machines which impart power > engine > internal-combustion engine > [adjective] > specific parts
float-feed1902
thermo-siphonic1920
cutting-in1924
downdraught1929
wet1935
choke1959
1929 Times 10 Oct. 8/5 A notable addition to the two engines is the new down-draught carburettor.
1935 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 39 503 A centrifugal fan delivers compressed air to a Stromberg down-draught carburettor.
1959 Motor Man. (ed. 36) iii. 51 Carburetters may be updraught, horizontal or down-draught, according to the direction in which the main mixture stream is fed into the engine.
2015 P. Pugh Magic of Name Rolls-Royce Story (Electronic ed.) viii. Tomahawks were lucky because they had a top air intake and a downdraught carburettor.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.a1681
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