单词 | downgrade |
释义 | downgradev.ΚΠ 1889 Pittsburg (Pa.) Disp. 19 May 10/6 The world still lieth in wickedness, and..it has down-graded for the last hundred years. 1892 Proc. Somersetshire Archæol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891 37 55 This [two-days' feast or revel] has also downgraded in the present day to one gingerbread stall, set up for a couple of days. 2. transitive. To assign a lower grade, status, priority, value, etc., to (someone or something); to demote. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)] vile1297 supplanta1382 to bring lowa1387 revilea1393 gradea1400 villain1412 abject?a1439 to-gradea1440 vilifyc1450 villainy1483 disparage1496 degradea1500 deject?1521 disgraduate1528 disgress1528 regrade1534 base1538 diminute1575 lessen1579 to turn down1581 to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593 disesteem1594 degender1596 unnoble1598 disrank1599 reduce1599 couch1602 disthrone1603 displume1606 unplume1621 disnoble1622 disworth?1623 villainize1623 unglory1626 ungraduate1633 disennoble1645 vilicate1646 degraduate1649 bemean1651 deplume1651 lower1653 cheapen1654 dethrone1659 diminish1667 scoundrel1701 sink1706 demean1715 abjectate1731 unglorifya1740 unmagnify1747 undignify1768 to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819 dishero1838 misdemean1843 downgrade1892 demote1919 objectify1973 1892 [implied in: Hutchinson (Kansas) News 20 July 4/5 (advt.) The downgrading of prices and giving Better Goods for the Same Money or the Same Goods for Less Money than elsewhere. (at downgrading n. 1)]. 1904 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 3 Nov. 6/4 The United Fruit Company have been down-grading and rejecting fruit shipped at the siding for Port Antonio. 1953 A. Baron Human Kind 97 There was a medical examination at which he was down-graded. 1969 Times 24 Feb. 12/5 A scientific committee..recommended that the manned flight activities should be downgraded because they ‘exaggerated’ one aspect of space activity. 2015 New Yorker 29 June 26/3 Proposition 47, which downgraded minor drug and property crimes to misdemeanors. Derivatives ˈdowngraded adj. ΚΠ 1931 Times 4 Apr. 6/6 (heading) Downgraded civil servants. 1975 Yuma (Arizona) Daily Sun 30 Oct. 1/2 Local area residents..congregate in the downtown area because of downgraded [recreational] facilities . 2011 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 8 Nov. a7/4 [Recycled] newsprint..can only be reused in a downgraded form such as toilet paper. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). downgradeadv.n.adj. Originally U.S. A. adv. Downward on a sloping stretch of railway, road, etc.; on a downward gradient. Also figurative: towards a lower or worse state or condition. ΚΠ 1838 Baltimore Patriot & Commerc. Gaz. 7 Sept. 2/1 The Engineer..used all means in his power to stop the engine, but owing to the fact of having but a small quantity of steam on, and the train was going down grade he was unable to do so. 1867 North Amer. & U.S. Gaz. (Philadelphia) 4 Jan. I stood on the left hand side of the driver at Twenty-third and Market streets; the car was going down grade. 1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ xi. 199 They'd all strike like a freight train rolling down grade. 1939 Fortune Nov. 56/1 Impelled by gravity, the released car rolls downgrade. 1970 G. C. Means in S. Terkel Hard Times iii. 249 Things had been going downgrade—worse, worse, worse. 2014 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 2 Nov. a4/1 A trainload of oil parked on a shortline track came loose and rolled downgrade into a Canadian community. B. n. 1. A downward-sloping stretch of railway, road, etc.; a downward gradient. ΘΚΠ society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > a railway > gradient downgrade1847 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > inclined portion of road, etc. grade1811 gradient1845 downgrade1847 1847 Daily Albany (N.Y.) Argus 1 Nov. The passenger train..was proceeding to Spencer station when the collision took place, the passenger train running on a down grade and the freight train on an up grade. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xvii. 141 A ‘down grade’, a flying coach, a fragrant pipe and a contented heart—these make happiness. 1878 B. F. Taylor Between Gates 13 The down grade has begun. Let the engines take breath. 1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 50/2 An arrangement for preventing serious wrecks by sidetracking runaway trains, cars, or locomotives on a down grade. 1967 Man. Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets & Highways (Oregon State Highway Comm.) i. 93 The Down Grade Next —— Miles sign should be used on downgrades of 6 percent or more which are more than one mile long. 2015 Cumberland (Maryland) Times-News (Nexis) 2 June 4 a/1 Excessive vehicular speed is common in the northbound direction due to the steep downgrade on Valley Street. 2. A decline in morals, status, prosperity, etc. Frequently with the, esp. in on the downgrade: declining in terms of morals, status, etc. (cf. on the decline at decline n. 1a). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition rureOE ebbingc1200 fallc1225 declinea1327 downfallingc1330 downfalla1400 fall of mana1400 wanea1400 ruinc1405 wrack1426 inclinationc1450 declination1533 labefactation1535 ebb1555 falling off1577 declining1581 inclining1590 declension1604 downset1608 neck-breaka1658 overseta1658 lapsing1665 reducement1667 lapse1680 labefaction1792 downshift1839 subsidence1839 downgrade1857 downturn1858 downslide1889 downswing1922 turn-down1957 tail-off1975 the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun] damage1300 declinea1327 ebbc1400 mischange1561 dotage1606 failancea1627 fallback1830 downgrade1857 slide1884 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun] degeneration?1481 declining1526 declination1533 depravation1561 villainy1564 declension1597 depravedness1623 decadency1632 degenerateness1640 depravity1643 depravement1645 degradation1663 degeneracy1664 degenerousness1678 marasmus1681 debasednessa1720 decadencea1734 demoralization1797 downgrade1857 decadentism1949 1857 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 9 Oct. His bad management has sent him on the down grade to obscurity. 1872 Newton Kansan 19 Sept. 4/3 Greeleyism has struck the down grade. 1895 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 3/2 A study in the down-grade of a village girl from seduction..to prostitution. 1901 G. B. Shaw in Candid Friend 11 May 57/2 To be on the down grade from the haute bourgeoisie and the landed gentry. 1953 W. S. Burroughs Let. July (1993) 173 As a matter of fact the whole region is on the down grade. 2003 W. Thabit How East N.Y. became Ghetto iv. 64 Livonia Avenue, another shopping street in the past..was also on the downgrade. 3. A reduction in rank, value, or status; a diminution, lowering, or decline, esp. in economic activity or importance. ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun] wanea1300 ravalling1609 extenuation1620 diminution1691 reduction1800 degrowth1920 attrition1924 downgrade1935 1935 Rev. Econ. Statistics 17 9/2 The process of investment and the corresponding process of credit contraction in down-grades can never..be fully grasped in its importance and consequences. 1951 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 57 273/1 Employees..who..stated that they will accept a downgrade, since they will still earn more than they would at the starting rate in an outside plan. 1968 Bull. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics No. 1607. 21 ‘Income security’ plan established which guarantees workers their rate of pay in the event of a downgrade. 1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 2 Oct. b1/3 They only consider downgrades when properties don't maintain their standards. 2011 Daily Tel. 13 July 1/3 The downgrade means Ireland joins Portugal and Greece to become the third European nation to be given a junk rating. C. adj. That has or follows a downward gradient; sloping downwards. Also figurative: directed towards a lower or worse state or condition. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > downwards devexc1420 declining1553 declined1591 declivy1609 declive1635 prone1655 declivous1684 pronate1703 coping1750 downgrade1858 declinous1864 1858 N.Y. Herald 20 Feb. 7/4 From the workshops and clay banks a down grade railroad, about 1,800 feet long, has been substantially built. 1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 690/2 The train keeps on its rapid down-grade run. 1890 Daily News 8 Dec. 2/1. There are no immediate signs of a down-grade movement [in the number of cattle shown]. 1920 Negligence & Compensation Cases Annotated 19 404/2 (note) The derailment took place..at the base of a sharp upgrade, immediately following a long downgrade stretch of track. 1977 Sci. & Technol. in Devel. Arab States (UNESCO) ii. ii. 221 Integrated and sustained research efforts..will be required to arrest the downgrade trends of the arid and semi-arid areas. 2009 Brandon (Manitoba) Sun 18 June (Lifestyles section) 2/4 The three box cars acted as a buffer for other cars in the down-grade run. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1889adv.n.adj.1838 |
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