请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 downgrade
释义

downgradev.

Brit. /ˈdaʊnɡreɪd/, /ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌɡreɪd/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, grade v.2
Etymology: < down- prefix + grade v.2, after downgrade n.
1. intransitive. To decline in morals, status, etc. Cf. downgrade n. 2. Obsolete. rare.
ΚΠ
1889 Pittsburg (Pa.) Disp. 19 May 10/6 The world still lieth in wickedness, and..it has down-graded for the last hundred years.
1892 Proc. Somersetshire Archæol. & Nat. Hist. Soc. 1891 37 55 This [two-days' feast or revel] has also downgraded in the present day to one gingerbread stall, set up for a couple of days.
2. transitive. To assign a lower grade, status, priority, value, etc., to (someone or something); to demote.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disrepute > damage to reputation > degrading or debasement > degrade [verb (transitive)]
vile1297
supplanta1382
to bring lowa1387
revilea1393
gradea1400
villain1412
abject?a1439
to-gradea1440
vilifyc1450
villainy1483
disparage1496
degradea1500
deject?1521
disgraduate1528
disgress1528
regrade1534
base1538
diminute1575
lessen1579
to turn down1581
to pitch (a person) over the bar?1593
disesteem1594
degender1596
unnoble1598
disrank1599
reduce1599
couch1602
disthrone1603
displume1606
unplume1621
disnoble1622
disworth?1623
villainize1623
unglory1626
ungraduate1633
disennoble1645
vilicate1646
degraduate1649
bemean1651
deplume1651
lower1653
cheapen1654
dethrone1659
diminish1667
scoundrel1701
sink1706
demean1715
abjectate1731
unglorifya1740
unmagnify1747
undignify1768
to take the shine out of (less frequently from, U.S. off)1819
dishero1838
misdemean1843
downgrade1892
demote1919
objectify1973
1892 [implied in: Hutchinson (Kansas) News 20 July 4/5 (advt.) The downgrading of prices and giving Better Goods for the Same Money or the Same Goods for Less Money than elsewhere. (at downgrading n. 1)].
1904 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 3 Nov. 6/4 The United Fruit Company have been down-grading and rejecting fruit shipped at the siding for Port Antonio.
1953 A. Baron Human Kind 97 There was a medical examination at which he was down-graded.
1969 Times 24 Feb. 12/5 A scientific committee..recommended that the manned flight activities should be downgraded because they ‘exaggerated’ one aspect of space activity.
2015 New Yorker 29 June 26/3 Proposition 47, which downgraded minor drug and property crimes to misdemeanors.

Derivatives

ˈdowngraded adj.
ΚΠ
1931 Times 4 Apr. 6/6 (heading) Downgraded civil servants.
1975 Yuma (Arizona) Daily Sun 30 Oct. 1/2 Local area residents..congregate in the downtown area because of downgraded [recreational] facilities .
2011 Herald-Times (Bloomington, Indiana) 8 Nov. a7/4 [Recycled] newsprint..can only be reused in a downgraded form such as toilet paper.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

downgradeadv.n.adj.

(as adverb)Brit. /ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd/, U.S. /ˌdaʊnˈɡreɪd/ (as noun and adjective)Brit. /ˈdaʊnɡreɪd/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌɡreɪd/
Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: down adv., grade n.
Etymology: < down adv. + grade n. Compare upgrade n. and adv.In sense B. 3 after downgrade v.; compare earlier downgrading n. 1.
Originally U.S.
A. adv.
Downward on a sloping stretch of railway, road, etc.; on a downward gradient. Also figurative: towards a lower or worse state or condition.
ΚΠ
1838 Baltimore Patriot & Commerc. Gaz. 7 Sept. 2/1 The Engineer..used all means in his power to stop the engine, but owing to the fact of having but a small quantity of steam on, and the train was going down grade he was unable to do so.
1867 North Amer. & U.S. Gaz. (Philadelphia) 4 Jan. I stood on the left hand side of the driver at Twenty-third and Market streets; the car was going down grade.
1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ xi. 199 They'd all strike like a freight train rolling down grade.
1939 Fortune Nov. 56/1 Impelled by gravity, the released car rolls downgrade.
1970 G. C. Means in S. Terkel Hard Times iii. 249 Things had been going downgrade—worse, worse, worse.
2014 Hutchinson (Kansas) News 2 Nov. a4/1 A trainload of oil parked on a shortline track came loose and rolled downgrade into a Canadian community.
B. n.
1. A downward-sloping stretch of railway, road, etc.; a downward gradient.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > rail travel > railway system or organization > [noun] > a railway > gradient
downgrade1847
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > inclined portion of road, etc.
grade1811
gradient1845
downgrade1847
1847 Daily Albany (N.Y.) Argus 1 Nov. The passenger train..was proceeding to Spencer station when the collision took place, the passenger train running on a down grade and the freight train on an up grade.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xvii. 141 A ‘down grade’, a flying coach, a fragrant pipe and a contented heart—these make happiness.
1878 B. F. Taylor Between Gates 13 The down grade has begun. Let the engines take breath.
1940 Railroad Mag. Apr. 50/2 An arrangement for preventing serious wrecks by sidetracking runaway trains, cars, or locomotives on a down grade.
1967 Man. Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets & Highways (Oregon State Highway Comm.) i. 93 The Down Grade Next —— Miles sign should be used on downgrades of 6 percent or more which are more than one mile long.
2015 Cumberland (Maryland) Times-News (Nexis) 2 June 4 a/1 Excessive vehicular speed is common in the northbound direction due to the steep downgrade on Valley Street.
2. A decline in morals, status, prosperity, etc. Frequently with the, esp. in on the downgrade: declining in terms of morals, status, etc. (cf. on the decline at decline n. 1a).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > fall from prosperous or thriving condition
rureOE
ebbingc1200
fallc1225
declinea1327
downfallingc1330
downfalla1400
fall of mana1400
wanea1400
ruinc1405
wrack1426
inclinationc1450
declination1533
labefactation1535
ebb1555
falling off1577
declining1581
inclining1590
declension1604
downset1608
neck-breaka1658
overseta1658
lapsing1665
reducement1667
lapse1680
labefaction1792
downshift1839
subsidence1839
downgrade1857
downturn1858
downslide1889
downswing1922
turn-down1957
tail-off1975
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [noun]
damage1300
declinea1327
ebbc1400
mischange1561
dotage1606
failancea1627
fallback1830
downgrade1857
slide1884
society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > [noun]
degeneration?1481
declining1526
declination1533
depravation1561
villainy1564
declension1597
depravedness1623
decadency1632
degenerateness1640
depravity1643
depravement1645
degradation1663
degeneracy1664
degenerousness1678
marasmus1681
debasednessa1720
decadencea1734
demoralization1797
downgrade1857
decadentism1949
1857 Daily Cleveland (Ohio) Herald 9 Oct. His bad management has sent him on the down grade to obscurity.
1872 Newton Kansan 19 Sept. 4/3 Greeleyism has struck the down grade.
1895 Westm. Gaz. 19 Apr. 3/2 A study in the down-grade of a village girl from seduction..to prostitution.
1901 G. B. Shaw in Candid Friend 11 May 57/2 To be on the down grade from the haute bourgeoisie and the landed gentry.
1953 W. S. Burroughs Let. July (1993) 173 As a matter of fact the whole region is on the down grade.
2003 W. Thabit How East N.Y. became Ghetto iv. 64 Livonia Avenue, another shopping street in the past..was also on the downgrade.
3. A reduction in rank, value, or status; a diminution, lowering, or decline, esp. in economic activity or importance.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > reduction in size or extent > [noun]
wanea1300
ravalling1609
extenuation1620
diminution1691
reduction1800
degrowth1920
attrition1924
downgrade1935
1935 Rev. Econ. Statistics 17 9/2 The process of investment and the corresponding process of credit contraction in down-grades can never..be fully grasped in its importance and consequences.
1951 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 57 273/1 Employees..who..stated that they will accept a downgrade, since they will still earn more than they would at the starting rate in an outside plan.
1968 Bull. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics No. 1607. 21 ‘Income security’ plan established which guarantees workers their rate of pay in the event of a downgrade.
1993 Coloradoan (Fort Collins) 2 Oct. b1/3 They only consider downgrades when properties don't maintain their standards.
2011 Daily Tel. 13 July 1/3 The downgrade means Ireland joins Portugal and Greece to become the third European nation to be given a junk rating.
C. adj.
That has or follows a downward gradient; sloping downwards. Also figurative: directed towards a lower or worse state or condition.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > inclination > [adjective] > inclined from level or sloping > downwards
devexc1420
declining1553
declined1591
declivy1609
declive1635
prone1655
declivous1684
pronate1703
coping1750
downgrade1858
declinous1864
1858 N.Y. Herald 20 Feb. 7/4 From the workshops and clay banks a down grade railroad, about 1,800 feet long, has been substantially built.
1885 Harper's Mag. Apr. 690/2 The train keeps on its rapid down-grade run.
1890 Daily News 8 Dec. 2/1. There are no immediate signs of a down-grade movement [in the number of cattle shown].
1920 Negligence & Compensation Cases Annotated 19 404/2 (note) The derailment took place..at the base of a sharp upgrade, immediately following a long downgrade stretch of track.
1977 Sci. & Technol. in Devel. Arab States (UNESCO) ii. ii. 221 Integrated and sustained research efforts..will be required to arrest the downgrade trends of the arid and semi-arid areas.
2009 Brandon (Manitoba) Sun 18 June (Lifestyles section) 2/4 The three box cars acted as a buffer for other cars in the down-grade run.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
v.1889adv.n.adj.1838
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/12/25 0:43:47