downregulationn.

Brit.

/ˌdaʊnrɛɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌdaʊnˌrɛɡjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, regulation n.

Etymology: < down- prefix + regulation n.

1. Physiology. Reduction of the number of cell membrane receptors binding a specific physiologically active substance (as a hormone, neurotransmitter, etc.), induced by persistent exposure of the cell to the substance; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1975 Nature 6 Nov. 46/1 Hormone-induced disappearance of cell surface hormone receptors, referred to as ‘down regulation’, presumably represents another example of ligand-induced modulation.

1989 Jrnl. Psychopharmacol. 3 83 It is widely held that repeated stress causes β-adrenoceptor downregulation in the cerebral cortex; it has been suggested that this change underlies behavioural adaption to stress.

1999 J. W. Daly et al. in B. S. Gupta & U. Gupta Caffeine & Behav. i. 5 In most cases an up-regulation rather than a down-regulation of receptors occurs.

2003 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 30 Mar. (Body & Soul section) 2/2 Neurotransmitters make you feel motivated and high. This overstimulation leads to ‘downregulation’, which means the receptor sites for dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline start to shut down.

2. Physiology and Biochemistry. Reduction of the magnitude or rate of a physiological response or biochemical or metabolic process, esp. the transcription or translation of a gene.

ΚΠ

1979 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 5142/2 There then follows a reversal of the down regulation that preceded the reprogramming [of adipose cells].

1983 Cell 34 207/1 Xenopus liver cells achieve fine control over the level of vitellogenin mRNA through down-regulation of the overall rate of total nuclear RNA synthesis.

2002 A. P. Batocchi in A. Vincent & G. Martino Autoantibodies in Neurol. Dis. ii. 28 During normal pregnancy there is a down-regulation of the cellular immune response.

2009 J. C. Knight Human Genetic Diversity iii. 93/1 Somatic cell translocations may result in cancer through upregulation of proto-oncogenes or downregulation of tumour suppressor genes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	downregulation
释义	downregulationn. Brit. /ˌdaʊnrɛɡjᵿˈleɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌdaʊnˌrɛɡjəˈleɪʃ(ə)n/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, regulation n. Etymology: < down- prefix + regulation n. 1. Physiology. Reduction of the number of cell membrane receptors binding a specific physiologically active substance (as a hormone, neurotransmitter, etc.), induced by persistent exposure of the cell to the substance; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1975 Nature 6 Nov. 46/1 Hormone-induced disappearance of cell surface hormone receptors, referred to as ‘down regulation’, presumably represents another example of ligand-induced modulation. 1989 Jrnl. Psychopharmacol. 3 83 It is widely held that repeated stress causes β-adrenoceptor downregulation in the cerebral cortex; it has been suggested that this change underlies behavioural adaption to stress. 1999 J. W. Daly et al. in B. S. Gupta & U. Gupta Caffeine & Behav. i. 5 In most cases an up-regulation rather than a down-regulation of receptors occurs. 2003 Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 30 Mar. (Body & Soul section) 2/2 Neurotransmitters make you feel motivated and high. This overstimulation leads to ‘downregulation’, which means the receptor sites for dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline start to shut down. 2. Physiology and Biochemistry. Reduction of the magnitude or rate of a physiological response or biochemical or metabolic process, esp. the transcription or translation of a gene. ΚΠ 1979 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76 5142/2 There then follows a reversal of the down regulation that preceded the reprogramming [of adipose cells]. 1983 Cell 34 207/1 Xenopus liver cells achieve fine control over the level of vitellogenin mRNA through down-regulation of the overall rate of total nuclear RNA synthesis. 2002 A. P. Batocchi in A. Vincent & G. Martino Autoantibodies in Neurol. Dis. ii. 28 During normal pregnancy there is a down-regulation of the cellular immune response. 2009 J. C. Knight Human Genetic Diversity iii. 93/1 Somatic cell translocations may result in cancer through upregulation of proto-oncogenes or downregulation of tumour suppressor genes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1975
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