downstroken.

Brit.

/ˈdaʊnstrəʊk/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊnˌstroʊk/

Forms: see down- prefix and stroke n.¹

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, stroke n.¹

Etymology: < down- prefix + stroke n.¹

1. gen. A downward stroke; a descending movement, esp. when alternating with a corresponding upward movement.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun]

avalingc1380

descendinga1382

downcominga1398

lowinga1398

descenta1413

descencec1425

descensionc1425

degression1486

downcomea1522

downstroke1551

decourse1585

vailinga1593

nod1597

delapsion1603

delapse1625

down1647

fall1647

1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia ii. sig. P.vii At hande strokes they vse not swordes but pollaxes whiche be mortall, aswel in sharpenes as in weyghte, bothe for foynes and downe strokes [L. seu caesim, seu punctim feriant].

1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell ii. 123 Then when the haire begin to grow again, ye shal fier it in down strokes with a hot yron.

1782 J. Watt Let. 16 Jan. in J. P. Muirhead Origin & Progress Mech. Inventions J. Watt (1854) II. 138 A reciprocating engine with a heavy circular fly moved by a pinion from the end of the beam, so as to make three turns per down-stroke.

1819 Adams (Gettysburg, Pa.) Sentinel 21 Apr. The teeth of this saw are much more injured by the up stroke, than by the cutting or down stroke.

1867 J. B. Pettigrew in Trans. Linn. Soc. (1868) 26 225 The posterior margin of the wing is made to rotate, during the down stroke, in a direction from above downwards and from behind forwards.

1906 J. Blyth in Cassell's Mag. Feb. 347 It was by ducking alone that he escaped the downstroke of the cosh which fell with merciless force upon his shoulder.

1998 B. White Quite Year for Plums viii. 66 The..African fish eagle flying in front of Victoria Falls, its wings dramatically poised on the downstroke.

2014 P. Burt Bike Fit 101 Some riders pedal in an elliptical fashion, with the knee moving inwards towards the bike on the downstroke and then away from the bike on the returning upstroke.

2. A line made by the downward stroke of a pen, esp. as forming part of a written character or its typographical equivalent.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > stroke

linea1382

tittlec1384

stroke1567

minim1587

pot-hook1611

dash1615

hair-stroke1634

hook1668

foot stroke1676

stem1676

duct1699

hanger1738

downstroke?1760

hairline1846

up-stroke1848

skit1860

pot-crook1882

ligature1883

coupling-stroke1906

bow1914

ductus1922

ascender1934

?1760 H. Taplin Short-hand 9 Ship is signified by crossing a Word with a down Stroke from the Left to the Right.

1787 S. G. Bordley Cadmus Britannicus 11 In the Down-stroke the slit of the Pen opens, which causes the Ink to flow freely.

1816 Observer 25 Aug. 1/2 In the true stamp the down stroke of the letter T. was straight; in the forged one it levelled off.

1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxi. 209 Every up-stroke and down-stroke of both documents.

1929 Illustr. London News 2 Mar. 368/1 Thin upstrokes and thick downstrokes are no longer prescribed by law, as it were.

1993 Times 19 Nov. 21/2 Mozart composed with precise, sensuous tenderness, but it is a fetish to read that quality in the downstrokes of his autograph.

2017 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Sept. 10 We work on the capital J of my first name; I need a firmer downstroke.

3. In an engine: the downward movement of any of the pistons; esp. (in later use) that which occurs in a combustion engine during the intake of air or as a result of ignition of the air-fuel vapour.

ΚΠ

1788 E. Cruse Projector Detected 11 There is that much of the power of the engine lost in the down-stroke of the piston.

1827 Reg. Arts & Sci. 28 Apr. 435 The water thus reproduced, is blown into the expansion vessel, along with the steam, at the next down-stroke of the piston.

1885 Electrician 27 Nov. 48/2 The steam only does direct work in the down stroke of these engines and on the top of the piston.

1920 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 87/2 An advanced spark is necessary if all the energy is to be fully utilized on the downstroke.

1971 Manitowoc (Wisconsin) Herald-Times 10 Sept. 16/6 A vacuum gauge checks the downstroke of the pistons.

2015 G. M. Bowers & R. A. Bowers Understanding Chem. through Cars ii. 49 The diesel engine can inject fuel in a manner that permits combustion to occur over a larger portion of the downstroke.

4. Music. Originally: a stroke made by drawing a bow from handle to tip across the strings of a bowed stringed instrument, such as a violin (cf. down-bow n.). In later use chiefly: a downward stroke on a string or the strings of a guitar, banjo, etc.

ΚΠ

1873 Aldine Feb. 47/1 He insists upon unity in the bowing; all the up-strokes are taken together, all the down-strokes together.

1917 Etude Aug. 556/1 At first the bow will be inclined to slash unevenly over the string with a ‘whizzing’ tone, particularly in the down stroke.

1971 J. Snyder & R. Higgins Comprehensive Guitar Method 27 The down stroke is played two ways.

2007 Chico (Calif.) Enterprise-Record (Nexis) 27 Feb. Clawhammer picking—an early style that uses primarily down strokes on the [banjo] strings as opposed to the consistent up and down strokes of other finger-picking techniques.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	downstroke
释义	downstroken. Brit. /ˈdaʊnstrəʊk/, U.S. /ˈdaʊnˌstroʊk/ Forms: see down- prefix and stroke n.¹ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: down- prefix, stroke n.¹ Etymology: < down- prefix + stroke n.¹ 1. gen. A downward stroke; a descending movement, esp. when alternating with a corresponding upward movement. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] avalingc1380 descendinga1382 downcominga1398 lowinga1398 descenta1413 descencec1425 descensionc1425 degression1486 downcomea1522 downstroke1551 decourse1585 vailinga1593 nod1597 delapsion1603 delapse1625 down1647 fall1647 1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia ii. sig. P.vii At hande strokes they vse not swordes but pollaxes whiche be mortall, aswel in sharpenes as in weyghte, bothe for foynes and downe strokes [L. seu caesim, seu punctim feriant]. 1587 L. Mascall First Bk. Cattell ii. 123 Then when the haire begin to grow again, ye shal fier it in down strokes with a hot yron. 1782 J. Watt Let. 16 Jan. in J. P. Muirhead Origin & Progress Mech. Inventions J. Watt (1854) II. 138 A reciprocating engine with a heavy circular fly moved by a pinion from the end of the beam, so as to make three turns per down-stroke. 1819 Adams (Gettysburg, Pa.) Sentinel 21 Apr. The teeth of this saw are much more injured by the up stroke, than by the cutting or down stroke. 1867 J. B. Pettigrew in Trans. Linn. Soc. (1868) 26 225 The posterior margin of the wing is made to rotate, during the down stroke, in a direction from above downwards and from behind forwards. 1906 J. Blyth in Cassell's Mag. Feb. 347 It was by ducking alone that he escaped the downstroke of the cosh which fell with merciless force upon his shoulder. 1998 B. White Quite Year for Plums viii. 66 The..African fish eagle flying in front of Victoria Falls, its wings dramatically poised on the downstroke. 2014 P. Burt Bike Fit 101 Some riders pedal in an elliptical fashion, with the knee moving inwards towards the bike on the downstroke and then away from the bike on the returning upstroke. 2. A line made by the downward stroke of a pen, esp. as forming part of a written character or its typographical equivalent. ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > handwriting or style of > formation of letters > [noun] > stroke linea1382 tittlec1384 stroke1567 minim1587 pot-hook1611 dash1615 hair-stroke1634 hook1668 foot stroke1676 stem1676 duct1699 hanger1738 downstroke?1760 hairline1846 up-stroke1848 skit1860 pot-crook1882 ligature1883 coupling-stroke1906 bow1914 ductus1922 ascender1934 ?1760 H. Taplin Short-hand 9 Ship is signified by crossing a Word with a down Stroke from the Left to the Right. 1787 S. G. Bordley Cadmus Britannicus 11 In the Down-stroke the slit of the Pen opens, which causes the Ink to flow freely. 1816 Observer 25 Aug. 1/2 In the true stamp the down stroke of the letter T. was straight; in the forged one it levelled off. 1853 C. Dickens Bleak House xxi. 209 Every up-stroke and down-stroke of both documents. 1929 Illustr. London News 2 Mar. 368/1 Thin upstrokes and thick downstrokes are no longer prescribed by law, as it were. 1993 Times 19 Nov. 21/2 Mozart composed with precise, sensuous tenderness, but it is a fetish to read that quality in the downstrokes of his autograph. 2017 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 2 Sept. 10 We work on the capital J of my first name; I need a firmer downstroke. 3. In an engine: the downward movement of any of the pistons; esp. (in later use) that which occurs in a combustion engine during the intake of air or as a result of ignition of the air-fuel vapour. ΚΠ 1788 E. Cruse Projector Detected 11 There is that much of the power of the engine lost in the down-stroke of the piston. 1827 Reg. Arts & Sci. 28 Apr. 435 The water thus reproduced, is blown into the expansion vessel, along with the steam, at the next down-stroke of the piston. 1885 Electrician 27 Nov. 48/2 The steam only does direct work in the down stroke of these engines and on the top of the piston. 1920 Pop. Sci. Monthly Nov. 87/2 An advanced spark is necessary if all the energy is to be fully utilized on the downstroke. 1971 Manitowoc (Wisconsin) Herald-Times 10 Sept. 16/6 A vacuum gauge checks the downstroke of the pistons. 2015 G. M. Bowers & R. A. Bowers Understanding Chem. through Cars ii. 49 The diesel engine can inject fuel in a manner that permits combustion to occur over a larger portion of the downstroke. 4. Music. Originally: a stroke made by drawing a bow from handle to tip across the strings of a bowed stringed instrument, such as a violin (cf. down-bow n.). In later use chiefly: a downward stroke on a string or the strings of a guitar, banjo, etc. ΚΠ 1873 Aldine Feb. 47/1 He insists upon unity in the bowing; all the up-strokes are taken together, all the down-strokes together. 1917 Etude Aug. 556/1 At first the bow will be inclined to slash unevenly over the string with a ‘whizzing’ tone, particularly in the down stroke. 1971 J. Snyder & R. Higgins Comprehensive Guitar Method 27 The down stroke is played two ways. 2007 Chico (Calif.) Enterprise-Record (Nexis) 27 Feb. Clawhammer picking—an early style that uses primarily down strokes on the [banjo] strings as opposed to the consistent up and down strokes of other finger-picking techniques. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1551
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