ab-prefix

Stress is usually retained by a subsequent element. The vowel in this prefix may be reduced in some sense 1 formations, but this is less likely in sense 2 formations.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ab-.

Etymology: < classical Latin ab- (prefix) from, away from < ab (preposition) from, away from < the same Indo-European base as of prep.Formal variation within Latin. In classical Latin, ab- became ā- before p- , b- , m- , and v- (compare e.g. āvertere to turn away: see avert v.), and alternated with au- before f- (compare e.g. auferre to carry away: see ablate v.; compare aufer v.), and with abs- before c- , q- , and t- (compare e.g. abscondere to put away, conceal: see abscond v.). Phonological development from Latin to French. Classical Latin ab- developed into Old French av- before vowels (compare e.g. avorter ( < classical Latin abortāre : see abort v.) and avant < classical Latin abante : see avaunt adv.), but remained ab- before consonants. Words which were borrowed or reborrowed from Latin within the Old French period retain ab- even before vowels (compare e.g. abus < classical Latin abūsus : see abuse n.). Development of classical Latin abs-. Classical Latin abs- (both as a variant of the combining form as detailed above and as result of ab- before s- ) developed into Old French as- (compare e.g. astenir (see abstain v.) and asoudre (see assoil v.); compare also absolve v.), but was subsequently remodelled after Latin (e.g. abstenir abstain v.). In words borrowed later from Latin into French, the prefix remains abs- . In English borrowings from French or Latin, the prefix is usually abs- in such cases, compare e.g. ( < classical Latin) abscess n., abstract adj., and ( < French) abstain v., absconce v.¹, although compare the exception assoil v. Chronology. Borrowings from French first appear in English at the beginning of the 14th cent. (e.g. abate v.¹, abound v.¹, assoil v.); borrowings which are at least partially also from Latin first appear later in the 14th cent. and become common in the 15th (e.g. absent adj., avert v., abjure v.). The first borrowings apparently solely from Latin forms are attested in the first half of the 15th cent. (e.g. abhor v., ablate v., absolve v.), and these subsequently become the predominant group of borrowings. Native English formations with the prefix in sense 1 are found from the first half of the 16th cent.; the second element is typically either an English word of Latin or Romance origin (compare e.g. abrenounce v., abligate v., abjudge v.) or sometimes an unprefixed Latin word (compare e.g. abuccinate v., abstringe v., abstriction n.). Formations in sense 2 appear in the first half of the 19th cent. (compare e.g. abaxial adj., abactinal adj., abapical adj.). They may perhaps have been suggested by abnormal adj. Compare also in this sense post-classical Latin ap- , variant (before vowels and h ) of apo- apo- prefix (see apo- prefix 2; compare e.g. aphelion n.).

1. In combinations already formed in Latin and frequently maintained through Old French, as abhor v., or adapted or formed in later French, as abscond v., absorb v., or adapted or formed in English, as abrenounce v., abreaction n., with the sense ‘off, away, from’.

2. Forming chiefly scientific adjectives and adverbs with the sense ‘position away from or underneath’, as abaxial adj., aboral adj., aborad adj.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

ab-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly, e.g. abhenry Brit.

/abˈhɛnri/, U.S.

/æbˈhɛnri/.

Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: absolute adj.

Etymology: Shortened < absolute adj. Compare earlier absolute adj. and n. Compounds 1 and absolute unit n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2.

Now disused.

Prefixed to the names of units (esp. of electrical and magnetic quantities) in the practical system to form the names of the corresponding units in the centimetre-gram-second electromagnetic system, as abampere, abcoulomb, abhenry, abohm, abvolt, abwatt, etc. Contrasted with stat- comb. form².The use of this prefix was suggested at a time when the centimetre-gram-second system of units was the dominant one, units in this system as such being considered absolute (cf. absolute unit n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2). Later, the metre-kilogram-second system (and its successor, the International System of Units (SI)) prevailed, so units in the centimetre-gram-second system were no longer considered absolute, leading to the disuse of the prefix.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement > practical units

abwatt1904

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnetic flux > unit of flux > practical

abvolt1904

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > [noun] > unit of measurement

ampere1881

amp1882

milliampere1885

kilampere1892

mA1896

kVA1905

kilovolt-ampere1909

microamp1923

milliamp1923

abampere1930

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > unit of resistance

ohm1861

ohmad1865

ohm-centimetre1920

ohm-metre1935

milliohm1939

abohm1940

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > inductance > unit of

henry1890

abhenry1976

1904 A. E. Kennelly in Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 22 534 According to this plan the C. G. S. magnetic unit of e.m.f. would be the abvolt.

1921 A. E. Kennelly & K. Kurokawa in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 56 41 Power at a point on an electric or acoustic conductor (watts or abwatts).

1930 A. Zeleny Elem. Electr. 402 The abcoulomb is the quantity of electricity that passes any plane in a circuit in 1 second when the current is 1 abampere.

1940 F. A. Fish Fund. Princ. Electr. & Magn. Circuits (ed. 3) iii. 28 The absolute unit, or abvolt, is that e.m.f. which will cause 1 abampere of current to flow in 1 abohm of resistance.

1976 Jrnl. Water Pollution Control Federation 48 196 (table) Abcoulomb..10 C... Abhenry..10^-9 H.

1996 R. E. Cohen Physics Quick Ref. Guide ii. 30 The abampere is also known as the biot (Bi).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	ab-
释义	ab-prefix Stress is usually retained by a subsequent element. The vowel in this prefix may be reduced in some sense 1 formations, but this is less likely in sense 2 formations. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin ab-. Etymology: < classical Latin ab- (prefix) from, away from < ab (preposition) from, away from < the same Indo-European base as of prep.Formal variation within Latin. In classical Latin, ab- became ā- before p- , b- , m- , and v- (compare e.g. āvertere to turn away: see avert v.), and alternated with au- before f- (compare e.g. auferre to carry away: see ablate v.; compare aufer v.), and with abs- before c- , q- , and t- (compare e.g. abscondere to put away, conceal: see abscond v.). Phonological development from Latin to French. Classical Latin ab- developed into Old French av- before vowels (compare e.g. avorter ( < classical Latin abortāre : see abort v.) and avant < classical Latin abante : see avaunt adv.), but remained ab- before consonants. Words which were borrowed or reborrowed from Latin within the Old French period retain ab- even before vowels (compare e.g. abus < classical Latin abūsus : see abuse n.). Development of classical Latin abs-. Classical Latin abs- (both as a variant of the combining form as detailed above and as result of ab- before s- ) developed into Old French as- (compare e.g. astenir (see abstain v.) and asoudre (see assoil v.); compare also absolve v.), but was subsequently remodelled after Latin (e.g. abstenir abstain v.). In words borrowed later from Latin into French, the prefix remains abs- . In English borrowings from French or Latin, the prefix is usually abs- in such cases, compare e.g. ( < classical Latin) abscess n., abstract adj., and ( < French) abstain v., absconce v.¹, although compare the exception assoil v. Chronology. Borrowings from French first appear in English at the beginning of the 14th cent. (e.g. abate v.¹, abound v.¹, assoil v.); borrowings which are at least partially also from Latin first appear later in the 14th cent. and become common in the 15th (e.g. absent adj., avert v., abjure v.). The first borrowings apparently solely from Latin forms are attested in the first half of the 15th cent. (e.g. abhor v., ablate v., absolve v.), and these subsequently become the predominant group of borrowings. Native English formations with the prefix in sense 1 are found from the first half of the 16th cent.; the second element is typically either an English word of Latin or Romance origin (compare e.g. abrenounce v., abligate v., abjudge v.) or sometimes an unprefixed Latin word (compare e.g. abuccinate v., abstringe v., abstriction n.). Formations in sense 2 appear in the first half of the 19th cent. (compare e.g. abaxial adj., abactinal adj., abapical adj.). They may perhaps have been suggested by abnormal adj. Compare also in this sense post-classical Latin ap- , variant (before vowels and h ) of apo- apo- prefix (see apo- prefix 2; compare e.g. aphelion n.). 1. In combinations already formed in Latin and frequently maintained through Old French, as abhor v., or adapted or formed in later French, as abscond v., absorb v., or adapted or formed in English, as abrenounce v., abreaction n., with the sense ‘off, away, from’. 2. Forming chiefly scientific adjectives and adverbs with the sense ‘position away from or underneath’, as abaxial adj., aboral adj., aborad adj. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). ab-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly, e.g. abhenry Brit. /abˈhɛnri/, U.S. /æbˈhɛnri/. Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: absolute adj. Etymology: Shortened < absolute adj. Compare earlier absolute adj. and n. Compounds 1 and absolute unit n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2. Now disused. Prefixed to the names of units (esp. of electrical and magnetic quantities) in the practical system to form the names of the corresponding units in the centimetre-gram-second electromagnetic system, as abampere, abcoulomb, abhenry, abohm, abvolt, abwatt, etc. Contrasted with stat- comb. form².The use of this prefix was suggested at a time when the centimetre-gram-second system of units was the dominant one, units in this system as such being considered absolute (cf. absolute unit n. at absolute adj. and n. Compounds 2). Later, the metre-kilogram-second system (and its successor, the International System of Units (SI)) prevailed, so units in the centimetre-gram-second system were no longer considered absolute, leading to the disuse of the prefix. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric charge, electricity > [noun] > unit of measurement > practical units abwatt1904 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > [noun] > magnetic flux > unit of flux > practical abvolt1904 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electric current > [noun] > unit of measurement ampere1881 amp1882 milliampere1885 kilampere1892 mA1896 kVA1905 kilovolt-ampere1909 microamp1923 milliamp1923 abampere1930 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > resistance > [noun] > unit of resistance ohm1861 ohmad1865 ohm-centimetre1920 ohm-metre1935 milliohm1939 abohm1940 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > electrically induced magnetism > electromagnetic induction > [noun] > inductance > unit of henry1890 abhenry1976 1904 A. E. Kennelly in Trans. Amer. Inst. Electr. Engineers 22 534 According to this plan the C. G. S. magnetic unit of e.m.f. would be the abvolt. 1921 A. E. Kennelly & K. Kurokawa in Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. 56 41 Power at a point on an electric or acoustic conductor (watts or abwatts). 1930 A. Zeleny Elem. Electr. 402 The abcoulomb is the quantity of electricity that passes any plane in a circuit in 1 second when the current is 1 abampere. 1940 F. A. Fish Fund. Princ. Electr. & Magn. Circuits (ed. 3) iii. 28 The absolute unit, or abvolt, is that e.m.f. which will cause 1 abampere of current to flow in 1 abohm of resistance. 1976 Jrnl. Water Pollution Control Federation 48 196 (table) Abcoulomb..10 C... Abhenry..10^-9 H. 1996 R. E. Cohen Physics Quick Ref. Guide ii. 30 The abampere is also known as the biot (Bi). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < prefixcomb. form1904
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