allotropen.

Brit.

/ˈalətrəʊp/, U.S.

/ˈæləˌtroʊp/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: allo- comb. form, -trope comb. form.

Etymology: < allo- comb. form + -trope comb. form, after allotropy n. Compare earlier allotropic adj. and the French and German adjectival parallels cited at that entry, and also allotropical adj.Berzelius (1841 in the paper cited at allotropy n.) used Swedish allotropiskt tillstånd ‘allotropic state’.

1. Chemistry.

a. Each of two or more structurally distinct forms in which a chemical element may occur; an allotropic form of an element.Allotropes differ in the way in which the atoms are arranged (either in molecular bonding or lattice structure). They have distinct physical and chemical properties and are often formed under different conditions of temperature or pressure. They were first described by Berzelius (1841), who recognized that pure charcoal (graphite) and diamond are both forms of elemental carbon. Over 40 elements are known to have allotropic forms, including oxygen (dioxygen and ozone), phosphorus (red and white), sulphur, iron (ferrite and austenite), arsenic, and tin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > polymorphism > [noun] > allotropy > allotrope

allotrope1845

1845 J. F. W. Johnston in P. F. H. Fromberg tr. G. J. Mulder Chem. Veg. & Animal Physiol. i. 62 (note) We may have an allotrope of the elementary molecules, an allotrope of the compound equivalents, or a combination of the two.

1862 London Q. Rev. Oct. 368 Ozone, a recently-discovered ingredient in the atmosphere.., has been thought by Faraday to be a mode (allotrope) of oxygen.

1877 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 10 Feb. 915/3 The allotropes of phosphorus offer an interesting case of color change in spectrum order with increasing density.

1916 Chem. News 28 July 44/2 This completes the precipitation of the selenium, and gradually converts the red into the black allotrope.

1942 J. N. Greenwood Gloss. Metallogr. Terms (ed. 2) 6 The importance of allotropes in connection with metals and alloys is that they constitute different phases, and increase the possibilities of changing the mechanical properties by heat treatment.

1974 D. M. Adams Inorg. Solids i. 1 From time immemorial crystals have held the fascination of man... Even today the attraction of well-cut specimens of an allotrope of carbon is well known.

2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. v. 205 The room-temperature allotrope of uranium (the α form) is highly anisotropic in structure and properties.

b. Each of two or more forms of a chemical compound which differ in physical, structural, or crystalline properties; †an isomer (obsolete); a polymorph (polymorph n. 2).

ΚΠ

1876 Amer. Chemist Mar. 330/1 Common salt is far from being alone among saline compounds, in its passage into divers modifications, or allotropes.

1890 Chem. News 19 Dec. 305/2 Cinnamene (C₂H₂)₄,—or rather its solid allotrope, metacinnamene.

1919 Jrnl. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 408 A study of natural rocks in which sillimanite and its allotropes occur would indicate that the presence of the alkaline earths is unfavorable to sillimanite development.

1997 L. I. Berger Semiconductor Materials v. 198 Cadmium sulfide..CdS has either the sphalerite or wurtzite structure. Both allotropes exist in nature as minerals hawleyite..and greenockite.

2. figurative. Each of two or more distinct versions or aspects of a person or thing.

ΚΠ

1926 Yale Rev. Jan. 293 Our bodies are walking the earth like figures of clay when they might be radiating loveliness, flashing atmospheres of beauty and graciousness—allotropes of the flesh.

1952 E. Wagenknecht Cavalcade of Amer. Novel x. 202 If the allotrope of the novel exists at all in our later American literature, it must be among such books as those of Mary Johnston, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, and Zona Gale herself.

1968 Listener 6 June 750/2 Walton evokes various allotropes of Old England that are..gently sauced with the Mediterranean.

1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Nov. 1357/3 Among the various allotropes of Jonathan Miller cited above, we must number also the entertainer and wit.

1999 M. Frayn Headlong (2000) 143 It's some allotrope of myself, a twin lost in the womb, an alternative version of myself who might have been me.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	allotrope
释义	allotropen. Brit. /ˈalətrəʊp/, U.S. /ˈæləˌtroʊp/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: allo- comb. form, -trope comb. form. Etymology: < allo- comb. form + -trope comb. form, after allotropy n. Compare earlier allotropic adj. and the French and German adjectival parallels cited at that entry, and also allotropical adj.Berzelius (1841 in the paper cited at allotropy n.) used Swedish allotropiskt tillstånd ‘allotropic state’. 1. Chemistry. a. Each of two or more structurally distinct forms in which a chemical element may occur; an allotropic form of an element.Allotropes differ in the way in which the atoms are arranged (either in molecular bonding or lattice structure). They have distinct physical and chemical properties and are often formed under different conditions of temperature or pressure. They were first described by Berzelius (1841), who recognized that pure charcoal (graphite) and diamond are both forms of elemental carbon. Over 40 elements are known to have allotropic forms, including oxygen (dioxygen and ozone), phosphorus (red and white), sulphur, iron (ferrite and austenite), arsenic, and tin. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > polymorphism > [noun] > allotropy > allotrope allotrope1845 1845 J. F. W. Johnston in P. F. H. Fromberg tr. G. J. Mulder Chem. Veg. & Animal Physiol. i. 62 (note) We may have an allotrope of the elementary molecules, an allotrope of the compound equivalents, or a combination of the two. 1862 London Q. Rev. Oct. 368 Ozone, a recently-discovered ingredient in the atmosphere.., has been thought by Faraday to be a mode (allotrope) of oxygen. 1877 Sci. Amer. Suppl. 10 Feb. 915/3 The allotropes of phosphorus offer an interesting case of color change in spectrum order with increasing density. 1916 Chem. News 28 July 44/2 This completes the precipitation of the selenium, and gradually converts the red into the black allotrope. 1942 J. N. Greenwood Gloss. Metallogr. Terms (ed. 2) 6 The importance of allotropes in connection with metals and alloys is that they constitute different phases, and increase the possibilities of changing the mechanical properties by heat treatment. 1974 D. M. Adams Inorg. Solids i. 1 From time immemorial crystals have held the fascination of man... Even today the attraction of well-cut specimens of an allotrope of carbon is well known. 2001 R. W. Cahn Coming of Materials Sci. v. 205 The room-temperature allotrope of uranium (the α form) is highly anisotropic in structure and properties. b. Each of two or more forms of a chemical compound which differ in physical, structural, or crystalline properties; †an isomer (obsolete); a polymorph (polymorph n. 2). ΚΠ 1876 Amer. Chemist Mar. 330/1 Common salt is far from being alone among saline compounds, in its passage into divers modifications, or allotropes. 1890 Chem. News 19 Dec. 305/2 Cinnamene (C₂H₂)₄,—or rather its solid allotrope, metacinnamene. 1919 Jrnl. Amer. Ceramic Soc. 408 A study of natural rocks in which sillimanite and its allotropes occur would indicate that the presence of the alkaline earths is unfavorable to sillimanite development. 1997 L. I. Berger Semiconductor Materials v. 198 Cadmium sulfide..CdS has either the sphalerite or wurtzite structure. Both allotropes exist in nature as minerals hawleyite..and greenockite. 2. figurative. Each of two or more distinct versions or aspects of a person or thing. ΚΠ 1926 Yale Rev. Jan. 293 Our bodies are walking the earth like figures of clay when they might be radiating loveliness, flashing atmospheres of beauty and graciousness—allotropes of the flesh. 1952 E. Wagenknecht Cavalcade of Amer. Novel x. 202 If the allotrope of the novel exists at all in our later American literature, it must be among such books as those of Mary Johnston, Elizabeth Madox Roberts, and Zona Gale herself. 1968 Listener 6 June 750/2 Walton evokes various allotropes of Old England that are..gently sauced with the Mediterranean. 1978 Times Lit. Suppl. 24 Nov. 1357/3 Among the various allotropes of Jonathan Miller cited above, we must number also the entertainer and wit. 1999 M. Frayn Headlong (2000) 143 It's some allotrope of myself, a twin lost in the womb, an alternative version of myself who might have been me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1845
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