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单词 driven
释义

drivenadj.

Brit. /ˈdrɪvn/, U.S. /ˈdrɪv(ə)n/
Forms: see drive v. (Forms 3aα. and 3aγ. ).
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: English driven , drive v.
Etymology: < driven, past participle of drive v.The composition date of quot. a1225 at sense 1 (mid 10th cent.) probably implies earlier currency of the word. With later use in sense 4b compare Old English undrifen , used of a ship, probably in the sense ‘not driven ashore’ or perhaps ‘not pursued’ (see undriven adj.).
1. Of a furrow: ploughed. Cf. drive v. 6b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > breaking up land > ploughing > [adjective] > ploughed
drivena1225
eareda1300
ploughed-up1639
the world > food and drink > farming > farm > farmland > land suitable for cultivation > [adjective] > broken > arable > ploughed
drivena1225
eareda1300
fallow1530
ploughed1535
rift1635
subsoiled1840
bouted1864
tilthed1866
a1225 ( Bounds (Sawyer 564) in S. E. Kelly Charters of Abingdon Abbey, Pt. 1 (2000) 203 Andlang weges to þære gedrifonan fyrh, andlang fyrh oþ hit cymð on þæt wide geat.
2.
a. Of snow: piled into drifts or carried along by the wind. Chiefly in as pure (also white) as (the) driven snow and variants: (with reference to colour) of an unblemished or unmarked white; (in later use chiefly figurative) morally pure; having an untarnished reputation; cf. whiter than white at white adj. and n. Phrases 5, and expressions at white adj. and n. Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > precipitation or atmospheric moisture > snow > [adjective] > driving or driven
drivingc1325
drivenc1330
driftya1732
stouring1891
the world > matter > colour > named colours > white or whiteness > [adjective] > pure white > as snow
snow-whitec1000
as pure (also white) as (the) driven snowc1330
snowishc1374
snowy1590
nixious1623
snow-like1663
snow1750
society > morality > virtue > purity > [adjective] > very pure
as pure (also white) as (the) driven snow1763
pearly1770
c1330 (?a1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) p. 416 Wiþ..berd..As white as ani driuen snowe.
c1425 Castle of Love (Egerton) (1967) l. 382 Als whit as any dryuen snawe.
1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 29 The fish Scolopidus..at the waxinge of the Moone is as white as the driuen snow.
1668 H. More Divine Dialogues (1713) iii. xxviii. 251 Thin Paper..but as strong as any Vellum, and as white as driven Snow.
1763 D. Hume Let. 1 Sept. (1932) I. 393 I was now a Person clean & white as the driven Snow, and..were I to be proposd for the See of Lambeth, no Objections could henceforth be made to me.
1791 R. Townley Jrnl. kept Isle of Man II. 149 My windows were so thoroughly encrusted by the driven snow, that..it was with much difficulty I could see, either to write or read.
1894 Pick-me-up 15 Dec. 165/1 Her complexion will be as pure as the driven snow.
1980 United Press Internat. Newswire (Nexis) 19 Oct. Temperature -45 C (-49 F), wind speed 36 knots, driven snow and zero cloud cover.
2011 Private Eye 27 May 5/2 Secretive commodities company Glencore, which has just floated on the stock market with a value of £37bn, may not be as pure as the driven snow.
b. Of feathers or down: subjected to a process in which a current of air is used to separate the lighter and softer feathers from the heavier and coarser. Also with preceding modifying adverb, as in thrice driven, new driven. Cf. drive v. 8b. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 230 My thrice driuen bed of downe. View more context for this quotation
a1670 J. Hacket Scrinia Reserata (1693) i. 39 A Bed is an easie Repose, but it is not wholsom to lie upon a new Tick, and new-driven Feathers.
1817 W. Scott Harold i. xix. 34 More than to rest on driven down.
3. Of a stake, nail, peg, etc.: pushed forcefully into a solid object or material, esp. by means of striking or hammering.
ΚΠ
1549 W. Thomas Vanitee of World sig. A ii v As the diuine Plato well reherseth, saieyng, Pleasure lyke a driuen nayle fasteneth the soule to the bodie, and ioygneth it so harde together, that it maketh it become corporall.
1785 W. Cowper Task iv. 437 The farmer's hedge Plash'd neatly, and secured with driven stakes Deep in the loamy bank.
1892 Trans. Amer. Soc. Civil Engineers 27 210 The effective diameter of the driven rivets in reamed holes will be assumed 1/ 16th of an inch larger than its diameter before driving.
1907 R. W. Service Songs of Sourdough 56 Talk of your cold! through the parka's fold it stabbed like a driven nail.
1999 Capital (Annapolis, Maryland) (Nexis) 27 Nov. d1 You'll be able to set grade pegs, small driven stakes of wood or metal the tops of which will be set at the desired level of the top of the concrete as a guide for finishing while pouring.
4. Moved forwards or onwards.
a. As the second element in compounds.
(a) Powered or propelled by the thing specified.See also belt-driven adj., motor-driven adj., pump-driven adj., rocket-driven adj., water-driven adj., etc.
ΚΠ
1602 R. Carew Surv. Cornwall ii. f. 149 Falmouth lyeth farther out in the trade way, and so offreth a sooner oportunity to wind-driuen shipping, then Plymmouth.
1771 J. Williams Jrnl. 28 May in B. Franklin Papers (1974) XVIII. 114 Stopped to visit a marble mill; Williams was much interested in the water-driven saws and polishers.
1878 A. H. Green et al. Coal: Hist. & Uses ix. 293 The growth of our coal-driven industries and the liberation of labour.
1909 N.Y. Times 24 Jan. iv. 4/5 Lavish finish in bodywork a characteristic of battery driven vehicles.
1933 A. W. Barton Text Bk. Heat vii. 157 The commonest type [of hygrometer] is the Assmann psychrometer, in which this is done by clockwork-driven fans.
2003 Scotl. Mag. Jan. 82/3 Watt also pioneered the conversion of vertical piston movement into rotary motion, allowing machines such as looms to be engine-driven.
(b) figurative. Compelled or led by, focused on, or characterized by the thing specified.See also fear-driven adj., hunger-driven adj., panic-driven adj., results-driven adj., theory-driven adj., etc.
ΚΠ
1615 J. Sylvester tr. Hymne St. Lewis 25 in 2nd Session Parl. Vertues Reall In raggs, and hunger-driuen.
1857 C. Mackay King's Son in Legends of Isles 99 I have wrong'd thine aged head, I have mock'd thy hoary hair, Impulse-driven and passion-led.
1926 Proc. National Educ. Assoc. 64 608 The teaching of a habit-building, interest-driven, conduct is one of the chief objectives of physical education.
1970 Times 5 June 11/4 The dynamism of a modern economy depends on the performance of thousands of profit-driven businesses.
2018 Nat. Rev. 16 Apr. 25/1 She often has engaged in the news-driven debates about violence and firearms.
b. Of a substance, animals, etc.: caused to move rapidly onwards; impelled; propelled. Sometimes: operated or propelled by a source of power; powered.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impelling or driving > [adjective] > impelled
driven1616
impelled1686
1616 H. Ainsworth Annot. First Bk. Moses, called Genesis (xiv. 16) sig. L3v/2 Thus God gave the nations before Abram, and made him rule ever Kings: gave them as dust to his sword, as driven stubble to his bow, Esai. 41.2.
1771 R. Colvill Caledonian Heroine ii. 25 The vulgar rout like driven deer, Rush to the shore, their ships to gain.
1801 R. Southey Thalaba II. ix. 186 The driven air before her fanned the face Of Thalaba.
1892 Engin. Mech. Sept. 232/1 The cable, whenever possible, is made in one endless length from the driving to the driven pulley.
1946 S. Cloete Afr. Portraits 359 His force of mounted burghers were dependent on grass to feed..the driven cattle which they used for food.
2019 Sydney Morning Herald (Nexis) 23 Nov. (Drive section) 2 Front-wheel drive is standard, but you can opt for four driven wheels.
5.
a. Of a person: compelled to accomplish a goal by difficult circumstances, ambition, etc. In later use: esp. determined to succeed; energetic and motivated. Sometimes with negative connotations: excessively hard-working.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > motivation > [adjective] > motivated
motived1780
driven1797
driving1835
motivated1922
society > occupation and work > working > [adjective] > working > working (too) hard
swinking?c1225
hard-working1682
driven1797
grinded1833
slave-driven1933
1797 R. Toup Let. 28 Jan. in R. King Life & Corr. (1895) II. 136 Not a man amongst us that is in business but what is extremely driven for money.
1893 A. W. Besant Autobiogr. v. 105 At night the unhappy, driven man, the fever-stricken wife, the fever-stricken child, the dead child, all lay in the one bed.
1978 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 25 Feb. I'm still a happy man but I'm also very driven—a total workaholic.
2018 Australian (Nexis) 17 Aug. 10 A highly driven woman whose attention to detail, resilience and leadership ability helped land the role as head of one of the biggest foreign investors in Australia.
b. Characterized by great effort, urgency, or a determination to succeed. Often with negative connotations.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [adjective]
hardOE
strenuous1671
rough1717
arduous1753
stiff1862
effortful1900
driven1967
the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] > of actions, etc.
doughtyOE
resolute?1560
resolved1561
determineda1616
seta1640
concerted1844
kragdadig1952
driven1967
1967 Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard & Rev. 24 Apr. 4/4 I have more sympathy than many about his driven desire to take command.
1984 Associated Press (Nexis) 21 Aug. You'd be surprised how many vacations are routed around the Family Genealogist's driven need to trace great-grandad's wanderings.
1989 A. Davies Getting Hurt x. 139 He seems to have had an obsessive, driven urge to make other people love him.
2011 Vanity Fair Jan. 90/1 The smile suggests contentment—a contentment distant from the driven, fanatical years he spent marketing himself..in a small midwestern town.

Compounds

driven well n. U.S. a type of well consisting of a tube or pipe fitted with a well point (well point n.) which is driven into an underground aquifer, water being lifted to the surface by means of a pump; = tube-well n. at tube n. Compounds 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > conveyor > [noun] > conduit, channel, or tube > pipe > pipe operating by suction
sucking-pipe1699
sucker1838
driven well1868
tube-well1877
1868 Winona (Minnesota) Daily Republican 12 Dec. (advt.) Tubular or Driven Wells, put down on short notice in this city and vicinity, in winter or Summer.
1923 M. Watts Luther Nichols 5 There was..a driven well which went dry in periods of prolonged drought.
2013 K. N. Brooks et al. Hydrol. & Managem. of Watersheds (ed. 4) i. 182 Pipes are pushed into shallow gravel and sand aquifers usually less than 20 m below the surface in developing driven wells.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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