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单词 alyssum
释义

alyssumn.

Brit. /ˈalᵻs(ə)m/, /əˈlɪsəm/, U.S. /əˈlɪsəm/
Inflections: Plural alyssums, alyssa.
Forms: 1500s 1800s alisson, 1500s– alysson, 1600s allison, 1700s– alyssum, 1800s alasum, 1800s– alison.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin alysson, Alyssum.
Etymology: < classical Latin alysson kind of madder (Pliny) < Hellenistic Greek ἄλυσσον , name of a plant, perhaps use as noun of neuter of ἄλυσσος (adjective) curing madness ( < ancient Greek ἀ- a- prefix6 + λύσσα madness: see lyssa n.), although the word has also been attributed to a substrate language. Compare Middle French, French alysse (1583; earlier as alysson (1542)). With sense 2 compare scientific Latin genus name Alyssum ( Linnaeus Species plantarum (1753) II. 650).
1. Any of several medicinal plants reputed esp. to heal the bite of a rabid dog. Cf. madwort n. 2. Now historical.Plants named Alysson or Alyssum are mentioned in the writings of (or attributed to) Dioscorides, Galen, and Pliny, from which the name is taken by 16th cent. herbalists. The identity of these plants, although much discussed, is unclear; they may have included Fibigia clypeata (family Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae)), Marrubium alysson (family Lamiaceae ( Labiatae)), and a blue-flowered plant of the family Rubiaceae, perhaps Sherardia arvensis.
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular medicinal plants or parts > [noun] > other medicinal plants
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1551 W. Turner New Herball sig. C.i Alysson is an herbe lyke vnto horehounde.
1572 J. Higgins Huloets Dict. (rev. ed.) sig. Biij/2 Alysson, an herbe also called Healebyte, because it healeth the byting of mad dogges.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball 107 This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides: for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie, is not like unto this.
1603 P. Holland tr. Plutarch Morals 684 There is an herbe called Alysson, which whosever hold in their hands..shall presently be ridde of the..painfull hickot.
1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum lvii. 591 These Alyssa of Dioscorides and Galen, although they differ in forme..doth cure the venome of the biting of a madde dogge.
1730 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum Alysson, comfrey.
1798 R. Hamilton Remarks Hydrophobia (ed. 2) I. 163 Pulvus antilyssus... was distinguished by this name from the herb alyssum.
1835 G. T. Burnett Outl. Bot. II. 857 The Alysson of Dioscorides was reputed to have the power of moderating anger.
1922 J. R. Smith Springs & Wells Greek & Rom. Lit. 429 The plant Alysson whose name, expressing in one word Depriving of Madness, came from a reputation that is now enjoyed by the Pasteur treatment for hydrophobia.
2007 Huntingdon Libr. Q. 70 429 About alysson, which is not native to England, Vaughan wrote: ‘A forreign plant, or shrub..cures those that have been bitten by mad dogs.’
2. Any of the numerous plants constituting the genus Alyssum (family Brassicaceae ( Cruciferae)), comprising herbs and small shrubs typically found in rocky or mountainous areas of the Mediterranean and south-west Asia; (also, in form Alyssum) the genus itself. Also: any of various plants formerly included in this genus; esp. (more fully sweet alyssum) Lobularia maritima and (more fully rock alyssum) Aurinia saxatilis, both common garden plants.Valid publication of the genus name: Linnaeus Species plantarum (1753) II. 650.rock, sweet, white alyssum: see the first element.
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the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Cruciferae (crucifers) > [noun] > other crucifers
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rock cress1650
shepherd's cress1713
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the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > cruciferous flowers > yellow or orange flowers
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wall gillyflower1548
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1731 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. I. at Alysson The Yellow Alpine Alysson, with hairy Leaves.
1793 J. E. Smith Sketch Tour Continent I. xv. 220 Here also grows the Laurus-tinus..and the honey-scented alyssum.
1879 Jrnl. Hort., Cottage Gardener & Home Farmer 6 Feb. 96/2 I have twice attempted to procure a plant of the Alpine Alyssum (A. alpestre), and failed.
1897 Cent. Dict. I. Alysson, a plant of the genus Alyssum. Also spelled alison, alisson.
1908 E. Fowler Between Trent & Ancholme 28 The golden Alyssum grows, a beautiful show in the spring.
1961 D. J. Foley Ground Covers for Easier Gardening 68 Practically every rock garden in America has some form of hardy perennial alyssum.
2006 Daily Tel. 13 Sept. 3/2 In place of these traditional varieties, Mediterranean species would flourish, including..bedding plants such as brachycome, bidens, cosmos and alyssum.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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