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单词 amad
释义

amadadj.

Forms: early Middle English amadde, early Middle English amead, early Middle English amed, Middle English amad.
Origin: Apparently a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Etymon: English gemǣd.
Etymology: Apparently the reflex (with reduction of the prefix; compare a- prefix2) of Old English gemǣd, gemǣded (inflected form gemǣdd- ) mad, foolish, use as adjective of the past participle of an otherwise unattested weak Class I verb *mǣdan to make mad or foolish, apparently cognate with Old Icelandic meiða to injure, maim, a factitive formation < the same Germanic base as (with prefixation: see y- prefix) Old English gemād silly, mad (see note), Middle Dutch gemeet merry, cheerful, bold, brave, Old Saxon gimēd foolish (Middle Low German gemeyt merry, cheerful, bold, proud, foolish), Old High German gimeit foolish, boastful (Middle High German gemeit merry, cheerful, bold, brave; early modern German gemeit ), Gothic gamaiþs crippled, with an original sense ‘damaged (either physically or mentally)’; further etymology uncertain and disputed: perhaps < a derivative (in *-to- ) of the Indo-European base of Sanskrit mī- , minā- to lessen, diminish, destroy, classical Latin minuere to lessen, diminish (see minor adj. and n.). Alternatively, the Germanic forms are sometimes referred to the Germanic base of Gothic maidjan to change, falsify (also in inmaidjan to transform) < an ablaut variant of the Germanic base of mithe v.; however, despite the formal similarity, the semantic development would be difficult to account for. Compare mad adj. and also formad adj.Old English (West Saxon) gemǣd , (Anglian) gemǣded shows regular i-mutation of the stem vowel caused by the verb-forming suffix of Class I weak verbs. In reflexes of inflected gemǣdd- shortening of the originally long vowel is expected before the double consonant; compare the early Middle English form amadde (probably to be interpreted as inflected for plural). Compare the following examples of Old English gemǣd , gemǣded (quot. OE could alternatively be interpreted as showing verbal use of the past participle):eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 69/2 Ineptus, gemędid.eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in W. G. Stryker Lat.-Old Eng. Gloss. in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1951) 49 Amens, gemæd.OE Riddle 11 6 Ic þæs nowhit wat þæt heo swa gemædde, mode bestolene, dæde gedwolene, deoraþ mine won wisan gehwam. Old English gemād is rare and attested only in early glossaries. It is doubtful that it survived beyond Old English (Middle English forms of mad adj. that appear to show a long vowel are attested much later and are probably to be explained otherwise). Compare:eOE Corpus Gloss. (1890) 119/2 Uecors, gemaad.eOE Cleopatra Gloss. in J. J. Quinn Minor Lat.-Old Eng. Glossaries in MS Cotton Cleopatra A.III (Ph.D. diss., Stanford Univ.) (1956) 77 Fatue, gemad. Compare also related Old English (rare) gemǣdla madness, which also shows a form of the base with i-mutation, and which probably represents a suffixed derivative of Old English gemǣd or its etymon the otherwise unattested verb:eOE Leechbk. (Royal) (1865) iii. lvii. 432 Vviþ wif gemædlan geberge on neaht nestig rædices moran. Þy dæge ne mæg þe se gemædla sceþþan. There are no unprefixed forms of the base attested in Old English. An Old English compound adjective *mādmōd (compare mood n.1), which was formerly thought to be attested, is now regarded as a ghost word.
Obsolete.
Demented, distracted; mad.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [adjective] > insanity or madness > affected with
woodc725
woodsekc890
giddyc1000
out of (by, from, of) wit or one's witc1000
witlessc1000
brainsickOE
amadc1225
lunaticc1290
madc1330
sickc1340
brain-wooda1375
out of one's minda1387
frenetica1398
fonda1400
formada1400
unwisea1400
brainc1400
unwholec1400
alienate?a1425
brainless1434
distract of one's wits1470
madfula1475
furious1475
distract1481
fro oneself1483
beside oneself1490
beside one's patience1490
dementa1500
red-wood?1507
extraught1509
misminded1509
peevish1523
bedlam-ripe1525
straughta1529
fanatic1533
bedlama1535
daft1540
unsounda1547
stark raving (also staring) mad1548
distraughted1572
insane1575
acrazeda1577
past oneself1576
frenzy1577
poll-mad1577
out of one's senses1580
maddeda1586
frenetical1588
distempered1593
distraught1597
crazed1599
diswitted1599
idle-headed1599
lymphatical1603
extract1608
madling1608
distracteda1616
informala1616
far gone1616
crazy1617
March mada1625
non compos mentis1628
brain-crazed1632
demented1632
crack-brained1634
arreptitiousa1641
dementate1640
dementated1650
brain-crackeda1652
insaniated1652
exsensed1654
bedlam-witteda1657
lymphatic1656
mad-like1679
dementative1685
non compos1699
beside one's gravity1716
hyte1720
lymphated1727
out of one's head1733
maddened1735
swivel-eyed1758
wrong1765
brainsickly1770
fatuous1773
derangedc1790
alienated1793
shake-brained1793
crack-headed1796
flighty1802
wowf1802
doitrified1808
phrenesiac1814
bedlamite1815
mad-braineda1822
fey1823
bedlamitish1824
skire1825
beside one's wits1827
as mad as a hatter1829
crazied1842
off one's head1842
bemadded1850
loco1852
off one's nut1858
off his chump1864
unsane1867
meshuga1868
non-sane1868
loony1872
bee-headed1879
off one's onion1881
off one's base1882
(to go) off one's dot1883
locoed1885
screwy1887
off one's rocker1890
balmy or barmy on (or in) the crumpet1891
meshuggener1892
nutty1892
buggy1893
bughouse1894
off one's pannikin1894
ratty1895
off one's trolley1896
batchy1898
twisted1900
batsc1901
batty1903
dippy1903
bugs1904
dingy1904
up the (also a) pole1904
nut1906
nuts1908
nutty as a fruitcake1911
bugged1920
potty1920
cuckoo1923
nutsy1923
puggled1923
blah1924
détraqué1925
doolally1925
off one's rocket1925
puggle1925
mental1927
phooey1927
crackers1928
squirrelly1928
over the edge1929
round the bend1929
lakes1934
ding-a-ling1935
wacky1935
screwball1936
dingbats1937
Asiatic1938
parlatic1941
troppo1941
up the creek1941
screwed-up1943
bonkers1945
psychological1952
out to lunch1955
starkers1956
off (one's) squiff1960
round the twist1960
yampy1963
out of (also off) one's bird1966
out of one's skull1967
whacked out1969
batshit1971
woo-woo1971
nutso1973
out of (one's) gourd1977
wacko1977
off one's meds1986
c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 547 (MED) Ha is..mare amead [a1250 Titus amad]..þen is meadschipe seolf.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 2215 Of witten heo weoren amadde [c1300 Otho awed].
a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 25 Heo wendeþ bokes vn-brad, Ant makeþ men a moneþ a-mad.
a1425 St. Mary Magdalen (Trin. Cambr.) l. 397 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1882) 68 66 ‘Modere..of hym ic am sore adradde’..‘Be stille, sone, þou ert amad; he is my worliche fere’.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.c1225
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更新时间:2024/12/23 23:42:25