doughtyadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈdaʊti/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊdi/

Forms:

α. Old English dihtig, Old English dyhttig (in transcript of damaged MS).

β. Old English dohtig, Middle English doghety, Middle English doghte, Middle English doghti, Middle English doghuti, Middle English doȝti, Middle English dohti, Middle English dohty, Middle English dohuthy, Middle English dohuti, Middle English douchty (in surnames), Middle English dougheti, Middle English doughety, Middle English doughti, Middle English douȝthi, Middle English douȝthy, Middle English douȝti, Middle English douȝtty, Middle English douȝty, Middle English douhte, Middle English douhti, Middle English douthy, Middle English dovty, Middle English dowȝcty, Middle English dowȝti, Middle English dowhty, Middle English dowsty, Middle English duoghty (transmission error), Middle English þoȝty (transmission error), Middle English–1500s doȝty, Middle English–1500s dowghty, Middle English–1600s douty, Middle English–1600s dowty, Middle English–1700s doubty, Middle English– doughty, 1500s doutty, 1500s dowghtie, 1500s dowghtye, 1500s–1600s doubtie, 1500s–1600s doughtie, 1500s–1600s doutie, 1500s–1600s dowtie; also Scottish pre-1700 dochti, pre-1700 dochtie, pre-1700 douchti, pre-1700 douchtie, pre-1700 douchty, pre-1700 douchtye, pre-1700 dowchtie, pre-1700 dowchty; N.E.D. (1897) also records a form Middle English dowtie.

γ. early Middle English duhhtiȝ ( Ormulum), Middle English dughti, Middle English duȝte, Middle English duȝty, Middle English duhti, Middle English duhtie, Middle English duhtti, Middle English duthi, Middle English–1500s dughty; also Scottish pre-1700 duchte, pre-1700 duchtie, pre-1700 duchty, pre-1700 dughti, pre-1700 dughty.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: In α. forms cognate with Middle Dutch duchteg , duchtich (Dutch duchtig ), Middle Low German düchtich , düftich , Middle High German tühtec , tühtic (German tüchtig ), all used as a general term of approbation sometimes implying valour < the Germanic base of Middle Low German (rare) duht virtue, excellence, Middle High German tuht , duht virtue, excellence, strength, power ( < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of dow v.¹ + the Germanic base of -th suffix¹ (compare -t suffix³)) + the Germanic base of -y suffix¹. In β. forms apparently showing a form of the first element or its base with lowering of u to o and without i-mutation (compare Old High German tohta , dohta glory, tohtī virtue, glory), perhaps (in Old English) influenced by dohte , past tense of dugan dow v.¹ In γ. forms perhaps partly the west midland reflex of the α. forms, but probably at least partly showing alteration of the stem vowel, perhaps after the present stem of dow v.¹ (early Middle English duȝ- ); compare also douth n.The α. forms are only attested in Old English verse (compare quots. OE¹, OE² at sense A. 2). The β. forms are attested in prose from the 11th cent.; forms in ou , ow reflect development of a glide before the velar fricative. The modern English standard pronunciation (Brit.

/ˈdaʊti/, U.S.

/ˈdaʊdi/) shows the reflex of Middle English ū , which could have developed from either ou (see β. forms) or ŭ (see γ. forms) before the velar fricative (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§170, 177). Some of the Middle English β. forms may represent spellings for γ. forms (with o for /u/ or ou for /uː/).

Now chiefly archaic or used self-consciously for stylistic effect.

A. adj.

1. Of a person: possessing courage and determination; brave, bold, resolute. In early use also as a general term of approbation: †good, worthy, noble (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > valour > [adjective] > full of prowess

doughtyOE

oughtsOE

doughtc1330

prew1340

prowessful1605

prowessed1717

preux1907

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1030 Þæs geres ær ðam forferde Hacun se dohtiga eorl on sæ.

OE Marriage Agreement between Godwine & Brihtric (Sawyer 1461) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1070 Ðyssa þinga is gecnæwe ælc dohtig man on Kænt & on Suþsexan on ðegenan & on ceorlan.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 113 Zacariȝe..haffde an duhhtiȝ wif..Elysabæþ ȝehatenn.

c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1480 A duhtti kniȝt and no couward.

c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 314 So doughty [c1415 Lansd. douhte, c1425 Petworth dughty] was hir housbonde and eek she That they conquered manye regnes grete.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 404 (MED) Sir knyghtis, þat are in dedis dowty.

1538 M. Coverdale tr. M. Luther Expos. Magnificat Ep. Ded. sig. A.ii I haue (moost doughty prince) receaued your graces letters.

1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ocland Valiant Actes & Victorious Battailes Eng. Nation ii. sig. K3 This troupe..did daunt the Frenchmen sore with feare,..Nor doughtie warriours wanting were.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiv. xlvi. 541 Certaine Tribunes and marshals, valourous and doubtie good men.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 88 All the Scotish Nobility (Doughty Douglas alone excepted).

1739 Daily Gazetteer 5 Apr. The most furious Attacks of those doughty Assailants have been hitherto warded with much Ease and Success.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc v. 126 The doughty Paladins of France.

1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. I. 92 The doughty Critic was at once silenced.

1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) II. 98 Oxford called upon her doughty men to brighten up their arms.

1908 R. A. Barr Brit. Rugby Team in Maoriland 44 The doughty Southlanders could not sustain such a pace throughout.

1977 Times 9 Feb. 4/3 Mr Rodgers is a doughty fighter for the moderate cause.

2014 J. Mitchell Sc. Question v. 88 The continuous struggle of a small band of doughty campaigners.

2. Of an action or undertaking: characterized by or exhibiting courage and determination; valiant, bold, spirited. Formerly also of a thing, place, etc.: †great, worthy, strong (obsolete).In Old English only in phrase ecgum dyhtig (of a sword) strong of edge.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] > of actions, etc.

doughtyOE

resolute?1560

resolved1561

determineda1616

seta1640

concerted1844

kragdadig1952

driven1967

OE Genesis A (1931) 1993 Hringmæled sweord, ecgum dihtig.

OE Beowulf (2008) 1287 Sweord swate fah swin ofer helme ecgum dyhttig [in transcript of damaged MS] andweard scireð.

c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 289 Of mine bileaue, beo ha duhti oðer dusi, naue þu nawt to donne.

c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1555 He may Don adouhti dede.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2709 (MED) Þe douȝthi defens of wieȝs þer wiþ-inne.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2112 Mani contre þar-in es And dughti cites mare and lesse.

c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 6604 (MED) Ther were douȝti dyntes deled With al the myght that thei weled.

1518 W. Neville Castell of Pleasure sig. A.iv^v Thupholder of all doughty dysporte Of marcyall manhode thou arte the treasure.

1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 32 Nor men deserue the crowne, and doubtie diademe.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 510 (heading) Of his duchtie Deidis and Justice done.

a1667 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. for Year (1678) Suppl. 185 In this doughty cause they think it fit to fight and die.

a1704 R. L'Estrange Fables Moralized (1708) 160 Her Husband's Doughty Exploits, in Times gone and past.

1797 Sporting Mag. Mar. 348/2 The sexton..with his doughty threat to the ass-keeper went.

1829 W. Scott Jrnl. 28 Apr. (1946) 59 After this doughty resolution, I went doggedly to work.

1876 G. W. Cox Gen. Hist. Greece iii. i. 270 This doughty speech was followed by the cries of Aye and No.

1963 Times 11 Mar. 3/5 The Welsh forwards performed doughty deeds individually, but were too loose-knit to hold their opponents.

2000 Mirror (Nexis) 26 May 6 The Deputy PM..gave a doughty defence of the government's record on pensions.

B. n.

A doughty person (now rare). Also in early use, with plural agreement: †those who are doughty; doughty people collectively (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle

heart1340

heart of oakc1384

bolda1400

doughtya1400

stalworthc1400

sternc1400

Ironsidea1470

stalwart1508

galliard1532

lada1556

stoutheart1556

hardydardy1593

valour1609

valiant1610

fireman1648

hearty1790

my (also me) hearty1839

a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 459 (MED) Many douȝti þat day þat was adradde neuer Wer fond fey in þe feld.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2334 (MED) The haþel..loked to þe leude..How þat doȝty dredles deruely þer stondez.

c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) l. 11 Bothe the kynge and the qwene, And alle þe doghety [c1475 Taylor doȝti, a1500 Douce dougheti] by-dene.

a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iii. l. 851 Þar þe Medis war sa fel..Þat mony douchty þai gert de.

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 590 Thair wald na douchtie this day for Iornay be dicht.

a1805 A. Carlyle Autobiogr. (1860) iii. 140 I..was going up the field to tell this when my doughty arrived.

1851 Liberator (Boston) 5 Sept. 144/1 Such pluck have the doughties.

1950 S. P. Best Venlo Incident 149 These doughties were at last imprisoned in the Bunker,..a cage proof against even their superlative ingenuity.

Compounds

Forming parasynthetic and complementary adjectives, as doughty-handed, doughty-hearted, doughty-looking, etc.

ΚΠ

a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. ix. 5 Doughty handed are you.

1860 Morning Post 7 Dec. 5/4 These doughty-looking champions started for Civita Vecchia.

1864 T. S. Norgate tr. Homer Iliad iv. 104 Son of the doughty-hearted horseman Tydeus!

1891 J. J. Roche Story of Filibusters v. 44 Doughty-tongued zealots alone talked of war.

1913 Naugatuck (Connecticut) Daily News 18 Nov. 8/2 Three doughty fisted youths..went out as bait for the hugger.

2010 A. Watts Always Children i. xii. 74 I notice a doughty-looking woman striding in my direction.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	doughty
释义	doughtyadj.n. Brit. /ˈdaʊti/, U.S. /ˈdaʊdi/ Forms: α. Old English dihtig, Old English dyhttig (in transcript of damaged MS). β. Old English dohtig, Middle English doghety, Middle English doghte, Middle English doghti, Middle English doghuti, Middle English doȝti, Middle English dohti, Middle English dohty, Middle English dohuthy, Middle English dohuti, Middle English douchty (in surnames), Middle English dougheti, Middle English doughety, Middle English doughti, Middle English douȝthi, Middle English douȝthy, Middle English douȝti, Middle English douȝtty, Middle English douȝty, Middle English douhte, Middle English douhti, Middle English douthy, Middle English dovty, Middle English dowȝcty, Middle English dowȝti, Middle English dowhty, Middle English dowsty, Middle English duoghty (transmission error), Middle English þoȝty (transmission error), Middle English–1500s doȝty, Middle English–1500s dowghty, Middle English–1600s douty, Middle English–1600s dowty, Middle English–1700s doubty, Middle English– doughty, 1500s doutty, 1500s dowghtie, 1500s dowghtye, 1500s–1600s doubtie, 1500s–1600s doughtie, 1500s–1600s doutie, 1500s–1600s dowtie; also Scottish pre-1700 dochti, pre-1700 dochtie, pre-1700 douchti, pre-1700 douchtie, pre-1700 douchty, pre-1700 douchtye, pre-1700 dowchtie, pre-1700 dowchty; N.E.D. (1897) also records a form Middle English dowtie. γ. early Middle English duhhtiȝ ( Ormulum), Middle English dughti, Middle English duȝte, Middle English duȝty, Middle English duhti, Middle English duhtie, Middle English duhtti, Middle English duthi, Middle English–1500s dughty; also Scottish pre-1700 duchte, pre-1700 duchtie, pre-1700 duchty, pre-1700 dughti, pre-1700 dughty. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: In α. forms cognate with Middle Dutch duchteg , duchtich (Dutch duchtig ), Middle Low German düchtich , düftich , Middle High German tühtec , tühtic (German tüchtig ), all used as a general term of approbation sometimes implying valour < the Germanic base of Middle Low German (rare) duht virtue, excellence, Middle High German tuht , duht virtue, excellence, strength, power ( < an ablaut variant (zero-grade) of the Germanic base of dow v.¹ + the Germanic base of -th suffix¹ (compare -t suffix³)) + the Germanic base of -y suffix¹. In β. forms apparently showing a form of the first element or its base with lowering of u to o and without i-mutation (compare Old High German tohta , dohta glory, tohtī virtue, glory), perhaps (in Old English) influenced by dohte , past tense of dugan dow v.¹ In γ. forms perhaps partly the west midland reflex of the α. forms, but probably at least partly showing alteration of the stem vowel, perhaps after the present stem of dow v.¹ (early Middle English duȝ- ); compare also douth n.The α. forms are only attested in Old English verse (compare quots. OE¹, OE² at sense A. 2). The β. forms are attested in prose from the 11th cent.; forms in ou , ow reflect development of a glide before the velar fricative. The modern English standard pronunciation (Brit. /ˈdaʊti/, U.S. /ˈdaʊdi/) shows the reflex of Middle English ū , which could have developed from either ou (see β. forms) or ŭ (see γ. forms) before the velar fricative (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §§170, 177). Some of the Middle English β. forms may represent spellings for γ. forms (with o for /u/ or ou for /uː/). Now chiefly archaic or used self-consciously for stylistic effect. A. adj. 1. Of a person: possessing courage and determination; brave, bold, resolute. In early use also as a general term of approbation: †good, worthy, noble (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > valour > [adjective] > full of prowess doughtyOE oughtsOE doughtc1330 prew1340 prowessful1605 prowessed1717 preux1907 OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1030 Þæs geres ær ðam forferde Hacun se dohtiga eorl on sæ. OE Marriage Agreement between Godwine & Brihtric (Sawyer 1461) in N. P. Brooks & S. E. Kelly Charters of Christ Church Canterbury, Pt. 2 (2013) 1070 Ðyssa þinga is gecnæwe ælc dohtig man on Kænt & on Suþsexan on ðegenan & on ceorlan. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 113 Zacariȝe..haffde an duhhtiȝ wif..Elysabæþ ȝehatenn. c1330 (?c1300) Guy of Warwick (Auch.) l. 1480 A duhtti kniȝt and no couward. c1405 (c1375) G. Chaucer Monk's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 314 So doughty [c1415 Lansd. douhte, c1425 Petworth dughty] was hir housbonde and eek she That they conquered manye regnes grete. a1450 York Plays (1885) 404 (MED) Sir knyghtis, þat are in dedis dowty. 1538 M. Coverdale tr. M. Luther Expos. Magnificat Ep. Ded. sig. A.ii I haue (moost doughty prince) receaued your graces letters. 1585 J. Sharrock tr. C. Ocland Valiant Actes & Victorious Battailes Eng. Nation ii. sig. K3 This troupe..did daunt the Frenchmen sore with feare,..Nor doughtie warriours wanting were. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxiv. xlvi. 541 Certaine Tribunes and marshals, valourous and doubtie good men. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. iii. 88 All the Scotish Nobility (Doughty Douglas alone excepted). 1739 Daily Gazetteer 5 Apr. The most furious Attacks of those doughty Assailants have been hitherto warded with much Ease and Success. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc v. 126 The doughty Paladins of France. 1814 I. D'Israeli Quarrels Auth. I. 92 The doughty Critic was at once silenced. 1867 G. H. Lewes Hist. Philos. (ed. 3) II. 98 Oxford called upon her doughty men to brighten up their arms. 1908 R. A. Barr Brit. Rugby Team in Maoriland 44 The doughty Southlanders could not sustain such a pace throughout. 1977 Times 9 Feb. 4/3 Mr Rodgers is a doughty fighter for the moderate cause. 2014 J. Mitchell Sc. Question v. 88 The continuous struggle of a small band of doughty campaigners. 2. Of an action or undertaking: characterized by or exhibiting courage and determination; valiant, bold, spirited. Formerly also of a thing, place, etc.: †great, worthy, strong (obsolete).In Old English only in phrase ecgum dyhtig (of a sword) strong of edge. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > resolution or determination > [adjective] > of actions, etc. doughtyOE resolute?1560 resolved1561 determineda1616 seta1640 concerted1844 kragdadig1952 driven1967 OE Genesis A (1931) 1993 Hringmæled sweord, ecgum dihtig. OE Beowulf (2008) 1287 Sweord swate fah swin ofer helme ecgum dyhttig [in transcript of damaged MS] andweard scireð. c1225 (?c1200) St. Katherine (Bodl.) (1981) l. 289 Of mine bileaue, beo ha duhti oðer dusi, naue þu nawt to donne. c1330 (?a1300) Sir Tristrem (1886) l. 1555 He may Don adouhti dede. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 2709 (MED) Þe douȝthi defens of wieȝs þer wiþ-inne. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 2112 Mani contre þar-in es And dughti cites mare and lesse. c1425 (c1400) Laud Troy-bk. l. 6604 (MED) Ther were douȝti dyntes deled With al the myght that thei weled. 1518 W. Neville Castell of Pleasure sig. A.iv^v Thupholder of all doughty dysporte Of marcyall manhode thou arte the treasure. 1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 32 Nor men deserue the crowne, and doubtie diademe. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 510 (heading) Of his duchtie Deidis and Justice done. a1667 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. for Year (1678) Suppl. 185 In this doughty cause they think it fit to fight and die. a1704 R. L'Estrange Fables Moralized (1708) 160 Her Husband's Doughty Exploits, in Times gone and past. 1797 Sporting Mag. Mar. 348/2 The sexton..with his doughty threat to the ass-keeper went. 1829 W. Scott Jrnl. 28 Apr. (1946) 59 After this doughty resolution, I went doggedly to work. 1876 G. W. Cox Gen. Hist. Greece iii. i. 270 This doughty speech was followed by the cries of Aye and No. 1963 Times 11 Mar. 3/5 The Welsh forwards performed doughty deeds individually, but were too loose-knit to hold their opponents. 2000 Mirror (Nexis) 26 May 6 The Deputy PM..gave a doughty defence of the government's record on pensions. B. n. A doughty person (now rare). Also in early use, with plural agreement: †those who are doughty; doughty people collectively (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > heroism > [noun] > hero > person of mettle heart1340 heart of oakc1384 bolda1400 doughtya1400 stalworthc1400 sternc1400 Ironsidea1470 stalwart1508 galliard1532 lada1556 stoutheart1556 hardydardy1593 valour1609 valiant1610 fireman1648 hearty1790 my (also me) hearty1839 a1400 Siege Jerusalem (Laud) (1932) 459 (MED) Many douȝti þat day þat was adradde neuer Wer fond fey in þe feld. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2334 (MED) The haþel..loked to þe leude..How þat doȝty dredles deruely þer stondez. c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) l. 11 Bothe the kynge and the qwene, And alle þe doghety [c1475 Taylor doȝti, a1500 Douce dougheti] by-dene. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun Oryg. Cron. Scotl. (Nero) iii. l. 851 Þar þe Medis war sa fel..Þat mony douchty þai gert de. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 590 Thair wald na douchtie this day for Iornay be dicht. a1805 A. Carlyle Autobiogr. (1860) iii. 140 I..was going up the field to tell this when my doughty arrived. 1851 Liberator (Boston) 5 Sept. 144/1 Such pluck have the doughties. 1950 S. P. Best Venlo Incident 149 These doughties were at last imprisoned in the Bunker,..a cage proof against even their superlative ingenuity. Compounds Forming parasynthetic and complementary adjectives, as doughty-handed, doughty-hearted, doughty-looking, etc. ΚΠ a1616 W. Shakespeare Antony & Cleopatra (1623) iv. ix. 5 Doughty handed are you. View more context for this quotation 1860 Morning Post 7 Dec. 5/4 These doughty-looking champions started for Civita Vecchia. 1864 T. S. Norgate tr. Homer Iliad iv. 104 Son of the doughty-hearted horseman Tydeus! 1891 J. J. Roche Story of Filibusters v. 44 Doughty-tongued zealots alone talked of war. 1913 Naugatuck (Connecticut) Daily News 18 Nov. 8/2 Three doughty fisted youths..went out as bait for the hugger. 2010 A. Watts Always Children i. xii. 74 I notice a doughty-looking woman striding in my direction. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.OE
随便看	stated account stated case stated clerk stated meeting statedependent statedly statefallen stateful statefully statefulness statefunded statehood statehoods stateless statelessness statelessnesses statelet statelets statelich statelier stateliest statelihood statelike statelily stateliness