† abaeilev.

Forms:

α. Old English abælged (Mercian, past participle), Old English abelgan, Old English abylgan, Old English abylide (past tense), Old English abyligde (past tense), early Middle English abæileden (past tense, plural).

β. early Old English geebylged (Mercian, past participle), Old English æbilgan, Old English æbilian, Old English æbiligde (past tense), Old English æbylgan, Old English geæbylid (past participle), Old English geæbyligd (past participle).

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Dutch irbelgen , Old Saxon arbelgian (only in past participle), Old High German irbelgen (Middle High German erbelgen ) < the Germanic base of a- prefix¹ + the Germanic base of Old High German belgen to anger (Middle High German belgen , rare) and (in different sense) Old Icelandic belgja to puff up, inflate, a weak verb formation < the same Germanic base as the Old English strong verb belgan (see abelghe v.). Compare abelghe v.In the West Germanic languages the weak Class I verb is attested chiefly in prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gebielgan (compare y- prefix) is also attested in sense ‘to anger, offend, provoke’. Although the simplex verb *bielgan is not attested in Old English, its apparent reflex is found once (in the same sense) in a late copy of material of Old English composition:c1175 ( Homily (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 143 Ne sceole we nenne mon bylȝen læs þe ure bene ne beo noht. The β. forms show the influence of nominal derivatives such as Old English ǣbylg anger, ǣbylgþ, ǣbylgnes, both in sense ‘anger, offence’, in which the prefix was stressed (see e- prefix¹). The spelling in quot. c1275 is difficult to interpret. Although the early Middle English form appears to show a weak verb cognate with abelghe v., it is not certain whether it shows any continuity with the weak Class I verb represented by the Old English forms (early West Saxon *abielgan , late West Saxon abylgan , Anglian abælgan ; showing the respective reflexes after i-mutation of West Germanic a before l plus consonant). The following example was cited by N.E.D (1884) as showing a form of the word, but could alternatively be interpreted as showing a form of abelghe v.:OE Christ & Satan 194 Forþan sceal gehycgan hæleða æghwylc þæt he ne abælige [corrected in MS to abelige] bearn waldendes.In Old English a prefixed form geabielgan (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the same sense.

Obsolete.

transitive. To anger, offend; to provoke.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry

wrethec900

abelgheeOE

abaeileOE

teenOE

i-wrathec1075

wratha1200

awratha1250

gramec1275

forthcalla1300

excitea1340

grieve1362

movea1382

achafea1400

craba1400

angerc1400

mada1425

provokec1425

forwrecchec1450

wrothc1450

arage1470

incensea1513

puff1526

angry1530

despite1530

exasperate1534

exasper1545

stunt1583

pepper1599

enfever1647

nanger1675

to put or set up the back1728

roil1742

outrage1818

to put a person's monkey up1833

to get one's back up1840

to bring one's nap up1843

rouse1843

to get a person's shirt out1844

heat1855

to steam up1860

to get one's rag out1862

steam1922

to burn up1923

to flip out1964

OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. xxvi. 8 Uidentes autem discipuli indignati sunt : þæt gesægon þa leorneras abælgede werun.

OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xii.196 Se hæfde swiðe abelged þone wælhreowan cyning Totila.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10275 Bruttes weoren bisie & ofte hine a-bæileden [perh. for a-bælieden]; ofte heo him wið fuhten.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	abaeile
释义	† abaeilev. Forms: α. Old English abælged (Mercian, past participle), Old English abelgan, Old English abylgan, Old English abylide (past tense), Old English abyligde (past tense), early Middle English abæileden (past tense, plural). β. early Old English geebylged (Mercian, past participle), Old English æbilgan, Old English æbilian, Old English æbiligde (past tense), Old English æbylgan, Old English geæbylid (past participle), Old English geæbyligd (past participle). Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Dutch irbelgen , Old Saxon arbelgian (only in past participle), Old High German irbelgen (Middle High German erbelgen ) < the Germanic base of a- prefix¹ + the Germanic base of Old High German belgen to anger (Middle High German belgen , rare) and (in different sense) Old Icelandic belgja to puff up, inflate, a weak verb formation < the same Germanic base as the Old English strong verb belgan (see abelghe v.). Compare abelghe v.In the West Germanic languages the weak Class I verb is attested chiefly in prefixed forms. In Old English the prefixed form gebielgan (compare y- prefix) is also attested in sense ‘to anger, offend, provoke’. Although the simplex verb bielgan is not attested in Old English, its apparent reflex is found once (in the same sense) in a late copy of material of Old English composition:c1175 ( Homily* (Bodl. 343) in S. Irvine Old Eng. Homilies (1993) 143 Ne sceole we nenne mon bylȝen læs þe ure bene ne beo noht. The β. forms show the influence of nominal derivatives such as Old English ǣbylg anger, ǣbylgþ, ǣbylgnes, both in sense ‘anger, offence’, in which the prefix was stressed (see e- prefix¹). The spelling in quot. c1275 is difficult to interpret. Although the early Middle English form appears to show a weak verb cognate with abelghe v., it is not certain whether it shows any continuity with the weak Class I verb represented by the Old English forms (early West Saxon abielgan , late West Saxon abylgan* , Anglian abælgan ; showing the respective reflexes after i-mutation of West Germanic a before l plus consonant). The following example was cited by N.E.D (1884) as showing a form of the word, but could alternatively be interpreted as showing a form of abelghe v.:OE Christ & Satan 194 Forþan sceal gehycgan hæleða æghwylc þæt he ne abælige [corrected in MS to abelige] bearn waldendes.In Old English a prefixed form geabielgan (compare y- prefix) is also attested in the same sense. Obsolete. transitive. To anger, offend; to provoke. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry wrethec900 abelgheeOE abaeileOE teenOE i-wrathec1075 wratha1200 awratha1250 gramec1275 forthcalla1300 excitea1340 grieve1362 movea1382 achafea1400 craba1400 angerc1400 mada1425 provokec1425 forwrecchec1450 wrothc1450 arage1470 incensea1513 puff1526 angry1530 despite1530 exasperate1534 exasper1545 stunt1583 pepper1599 enfever1647 nanger1675 to put or set up the back1728 roil1742 outrage1818 to put a person's monkey up1833 to get one's back up1840 to bring one's nap up1843 rouse1843 to get a person's shirt out1844 heat1855 to steam up1860 to get one's rag out1862 steam1922 to burn up1923 to flip out1964 OE (Mercian) Rushw. Gospels: Matt. xxvi. 8 Uidentes autem discipuli indignati sunt : þæt gesægon þa leorneras abælgede werun. OE Wærferð tr. Gregory Dialogues (Corpus Cambr.) (1900) iii. xii.196 Se hæfde swiðe abelged þone wælhreowan cyning Totila. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) 10275 Bruttes weoren bisie & ofte hine a-bæileden [perh. for a-bælieden]; ofte heo him wið fuhten. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < v.OE
随便看	jenticulate jenticulation jeofail jeopard jeopard a joint jeoparded jeoparder jeoparders jeopardies jeoparding jeopardious jeopardise jeopardised jeopardises jeopardising jeopardize jeopardized jeopardizes jeopardizing jeopardless jeopardous jeopardously jeopardousness jeopards jeopardy