abaftadv.prep.

Brit.

/əˈbɑːft/,

/əˈbaft/, U.S.

/əˈbæft/

Forms:

α. Middle English on baft, Middle English on bafte.

β. Middle English obaft, Middle English obafte.

γ. Middle English of baft.

δ. Middle English– abaft, 1500s abafte.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: on- prefix, baft adv.

Etymology: < on- prefix + baft adv. Compare earlier on aft at aft adv. 2.The β. and δ. forms show the usual reduction of the unaccented prefix respectively to o- (see on- prefix) and a- (see a- prefix³). The γ. forms result from reanalysis of the first element as a reduced form of of- prefix (see discussion at that entry, and compare a- prefix⁴).

A. adv.

1. Chiefly Nautical. To or towards the rear; backward.

ΚΠ

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22150 (MED) Thoner o-loft fal sal he gar..and wit deuils craft, þe burns for to rin obaft [a1400 Trin. Cambr. on bafte, a1400 Coll. Phys. obafte, a1400 Fairf. of baft].

c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 24 That y wolle take for daunger threst abaft.

1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 79 One of the saylors came abaft to the misen mast neere us.

1734 Brit. Observator 28 Dec. 211 The Master presently after, going abaft, the Vessel instantly parted near about the Middle.

1846 Knickerbocker Mag. 27 451 Escaping thence, I went abaft, upon the upper or ‘promenade’ deck.

1858 W. Taylor Calif. Life Illustr. vi. 146 All hands ran abaft to see the great man-eater of the deep.

1922 Bull. Pan Amer. Union 54 367 The admiral, alone, went abaft and into the conning tower.

1985 P. Reading Ukulele Music I. 29 Crew man, Suzuki, Run abaft a-hollering ‘The sun rises in the West!’

a. Nautical. In the rear, at the back, behind; spec. in or behind the stern of a ship. Cf. baft adv. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adverb]

baftc885

afterwardOE

afterOE

at-hind1016

abackOE

behindc1220

backc1300

arrear1393

hinda1400

baftsc1400

dererec1410

abaft1495

ahind1768

retrally1825

a-rear1849

1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 227 The forecastell the somercastell..And the powpe abaft.

a1582 W. Bourne Inuentions or Deuises (?1590) 3 Take vp two of the hatches, one before, and another abafte..and at the corner of the hatch make a hole with an Auger.

1615 Survey in Mariner's Mirror (1990) 76 35 She wants..the round house abaft to be new laid.

a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 46 She was in excellent trimme (drawing 15 foote abaft and 14 and 3 inches before).

1677 London Gaz. mcxciv. 4 The St. Mary of Ostend with 22 Men,..having two Guns, one afore, and the other abaft.

1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 158 Her upper works were rotten abaft.

1777 W. Hutchinson Treat. Pract. Seamanship 12 Ships require a spreading body at the water's edge, both afore and abaft, to support them.

1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xiv. 254 I hove the log, marked the board, and then sat down abaft on the signal chest.

1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies vii. 271 But Tom and the petrels never cared, for the gale was right abaft, and away they went.

1923 W. C. Smith Short Hist. Irish Sea Herring Fisheries 1–15 His boats were carvel-built, half-decked, smack-rigged, and with an outrigger sail abaft.

1962 ‘C. S. Forester’ Hornblower & Hotspur iii. 31 Hornblower's eye measured the distances..of the centre of flotation, from forty feet before to thirty feet abaft.

2007 News & Rec. (Greensboro, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 13 May c10 The waves lapped at the edges of the boat, slapping the sides in rhythm with the rocking bow and echo abaft.

b. In extended use. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1582 R. Madox Diary 21 Sept. in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 192 When he [sc. a horse] began to heave and set and to seel abowt, I so bremd hym with a cudgel abowth the beak head afore and the quarters abaft.

1675 Mistaken Husband iv. ii. 37 Shee's Hogs-head risen in the Waste. These women of a Dutch built are all Hold, within two inches of their Port-holes, both a low and abaft.

1746 tr. D. De Coetlogon Tour through Animal World 70 The Breast Feathers for the most Part brown..her Back, Train, and Wings, are black abaft, having no great Scales upon the Legs.

1796 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses I. vi. 305 The Thames-street carts ought to have either four wheels, or three. In the latter case..the additional wheel ought to be placed abaft.

1853 F. S. Cozzens Prismatics 210 The giraffe fancied he could get along best by having his two longest legs in front, but the kangaroo preferred having them abaft.

2008 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 6 Sept. 43 You're terrified..it will slam into your tailgate, and this is doubly worrying when you're in a Fiat Panda because the tailgate in question is only 4 inches abaft of your most precious and vital organs.

B. prep.

Nautical. To the rear of, behind; nearer the stern than. Also in extended use.abaft the beam: see abaft the beam at beam n.¹ 17.

ΚΠ

1476 W. Maryon Let. 28 Sept. in Cely Lett. (1975) 5 The remenant leyyt abaft the mast vpon John Tamys fellys.

1578 W. Bourne Inuentions ii. 3 Haue a netting to goe with chaynes in your wast, & in like manner abaft your maine shroudes.

1595 J. Davis Seamans Secrets i. sig. A3^v I may say in the Seaman's phraise..in the time of her seperation she is abaft the Sunne.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 10 A circle of planke either abaft or before the maine Mast called the Manger.

1669 T. Allin Jrnl. 3 Aug. (1940) (modernized text) II. 103 I saw..besides his ordinary sails a water-sail abaft his mizzen.

1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. i. xvi. 80 Quarter Winds, are when the Wind comes in abaft the main-mast-shrouds even with the Quarter.

1711 E. Ward Life Don Quixote II. xxxvii. 466 The poor Barber..Stepping abaft the reisty Mule To mount behind his holy Friend.

1758 J. Robertson in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 292 Beside, the mawls worked at several shoars set up abaft the said 64 feet.

a1829 H. Crow Mem. (1830) 173 Smack on board abaft the fore-chains.

1857 S. Osborn Quedah ii. 31 A little cabin, which I saw abaft the mainmast.

1898 Argosy May 212 He followed and stopped them as they arrived abaft the mainmast.

1941 Amer. Boy Feb. 8/1 Two men were standing in the shadow abaft the engine-room skylight.

1986 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 14 Mar. 38 The potatoes were baked in the oven..and the toast was fabricated on the hot covers abaft the frypans.

2005 K. Dobbs Running Rapids iv. 43 Seconds later the port lookout just abaft the wheelhouse roared out urgently, ‘Ship bearing red four five!’

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	abaft
释义	abaftadv.prep. Brit. /əˈbɑːft/, /əˈbaft/, U.S. /əˈbæft/ Forms: α. Middle English on baft, Middle English on bafte. β. Middle English obaft, Middle English obafte. γ. Middle English of baft. δ. Middle English– abaft, 1500s abafte. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: on- prefix, baft adv. Etymology: < on- prefix + baft adv. Compare earlier on aft at aft adv. 2.The β. and δ. forms show the usual reduction of the unaccented prefix respectively to o- (see on- prefix) and a- (see a- prefix³). The γ. forms result from reanalysis of the first element as a reduced form of of- prefix (see discussion at that entry, and compare a- prefix⁴). A. adv. 1. Chiefly Nautical. To or towards the rear; backward. ΚΠ a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 22150 (MED) Thoner o-loft fal sal he gar..and wit deuils craft, þe burns for to rin obaft [a1400 Trin. Cambr. on bafte, a1400 Coll. Phys. obafte, a1400 Fairf. of baft]. c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 24 That y wolle take for daunger threst abaft. 1635 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Donzella Desterrada 79 One of the saylors came abaft to the misen mast neere us. 1734 Brit. Observator 28 Dec. 211 The Master presently after, going abaft, the Vessel instantly parted near about the Middle. 1846 Knickerbocker Mag. 27 451 Escaping thence, I went abaft, upon the upper or ‘promenade’ deck. 1858 W. Taylor Calif. Life Illustr. vi. 146 All hands ran abaft to see the great man-eater of the deep. 1922 Bull. Pan Amer. Union 54 367 The admiral, alone, went abaft and into the conning tower. 1985 P. Reading Ukulele Music I. 29 Crew man, Suzuki, Run abaft a-hollering ‘The sun rises in the West!’ 2. a. Nautical. In the rear, at the back, behind; spec. in or behind the stern of a ship. Cf. baft adv. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > position at the back > [adverb] baftc885 afterwardOE afterOE at-hind1016 abackOE behindc1220 backc1300 arrear1393 hinda1400 baftsc1400 dererec1410 abaft1495 ahind1768 retrally1825 a-rear1849 1495 in M. Oppenheim Naval Accts. & Inventories Henry VII (1896) 227 The forecastell the somercastell..And the powpe abaft. a1582 W. Bourne Inuentions or Deuises (?1590) 3 Take vp two of the hatches, one before, and another abafte..and at the corner of the hatch make a hole with an Auger. 1615 Survey in Mariner's Mirror (1990) 76 35 She wants..the round house abaft to be new laid. a1665 K. Digby Jrnl. Voy. to Mediterranean (1868) 46 She was in excellent trimme (drawing 15 foote abaft and 14 and 3 inches before). 1677 London Gaz. mcxciv. 4 The St. Mary of Ostend with 22 Men,..having two Guns, one afore, and the other abaft. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. iv. 158 Her upper works were rotten abaft. 1777 W. Hutchinson Treat. Pract. Seamanship 12 Ships require a spreading body at the water's edge, both afore and abaft, to support them. 1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple II. xiv. 254 I hove the log, marked the board, and then sat down abaft on the signal chest. 1863 C. Kingsley Water-babies vii. 271 But Tom and the petrels never cared, for the gale was right abaft, and away they went. 1923 W. C. Smith Short Hist. Irish Sea Herring Fisheries 1–15 His boats were carvel-built, half-decked, smack-rigged, and with an outrigger sail abaft. 1962 ‘C. S. Forester’ Hornblower & Hotspur iii. 31 Hornblower's eye measured the distances..of the centre of flotation, from forty feet before to thirty feet abaft. 2007 News & Rec. (Greensboro, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 13 May c10 The waves lapped at the edges of the boat, slapping the sides in rhythm with the rocking bow and echo abaft. b. In extended use. Now rare. ΚΠ 1582 R. Madox Diary 21 Sept. in E. S. Donno Elizabethan in 1582 (1976) 192 When he [sc. a horse] began to heave and set and to seel abowt, I so bremd hym with a cudgel abowth the beak head afore and the quarters abaft. 1675 Mistaken Husband iv. ii. 37 Shee's Hogs-head risen in the Waste. These women of a Dutch built are all Hold, within two inches of their Port-holes, both a low and abaft. 1746 tr. D. De Coetlogon Tour through Animal World 70 The Breast Feathers for the most Part brown..her Back, Train, and Wings, are black abaft, having no great Scales upon the Legs. 1796 J. Lawrence Philos. & Pract. Treat. Horses I. vi. 305 The Thames-street carts ought to have either four wheels, or three. In the latter case..the additional wheel ought to be placed abaft. 1853 F. S. Cozzens Prismatics 210 The giraffe fancied he could get along best by having his two longest legs in front, but the kangaroo preferred having them abaft. 2008 Weekend Austral. (Nexis) 6 Sept. 43 You're terrified..it will slam into your tailgate, and this is doubly worrying when you're in a Fiat Panda because the tailgate in question is only 4 inches abaft of your most precious and vital organs. B. prep. Nautical. To the rear of, behind; nearer the stern than. Also in extended use.abaft the beam: see abaft the beam at beam n.¹ 17. ΚΠ 1476 W. Maryon Let. 28 Sept. in Cely Lett. (1975) 5 The remenant leyyt abaft the mast vpon John Tamys fellys. 1578 W. Bourne Inuentions ii. 3 Haue a netting to goe with chaynes in your wast, & in like manner abaft your maine shroudes. 1595 J. Davis Seamans Secrets i. sig. A3^v I may say in the Seaman's phraise..in the time of her seperation she is abaft the Sunne. 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 10 A circle of planke either abaft or before the maine Mast called the Manger. 1669 T. Allin Jrnl. 3 Aug. (1940) (modernized text) II. 103 I saw..besides his ordinary sails a water-sail abaft his mizzen. 1692 Smith's Sea-mans Gram. i. xvi. 80 Quarter Winds, are when the Wind comes in abaft the main-mast-shrouds even with the Quarter. 1711 E. Ward Life Don Quixote II. xxxvii. 466 The poor Barber..Stepping abaft the reisty Mule To mount behind his holy Friend. 1758 J. Robertson in Philos. Trans. 1757 (Royal Soc.) 50 292 Beside, the mawls worked at several shoars set up abaft the said 64 feet. a1829 H. Crow Mem. (1830) 173 Smack on board abaft the fore-chains. 1857 S. Osborn Quedah ii. 31 A little cabin, which I saw abaft the mainmast. 1898 Argosy May 212 He followed and stopped them as they arrived abaft the mainmast. 1941 Amer. Boy Feb. 8/1 Two men were standing in the shadow abaft the engine-room skylight. 1986 Christian Sci. Monitor (Nexis) 14 Mar. 38 The potatoes were baked in the oven..and the toast was fabricated on the hot covers abaft the frypans. 2005 K. Dobbs Running Rapids iv. 43 Seconds later the port lookout just abaft the wheelhouse roared out urgently, ‘Ship bearing red four five!’ This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adv.prep.a1400
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