draughtn.

Brit.

/drɑːft/,

/draft/, U.S.

/dræft/

Forms: α. Middle English draht, draȝt, Middle English– draught; (Middle English draȝþe, drauht, Middle English drauȝt(e, Middle English–1500s draght(e, draughte, drawght(e, drawt(e, ScottishMiddle English drawcht, 1500s draucht). β. 1500s drafte, (1600s drauft), 1500s– draft.

Etymology: Early Middle English draht (probably in Old English, though not recorded), corresponding to Middle Dutch, Dutch dragt , ? Old High German, Middle High German traht , German Tracht , Icelandic dráttr ( < *drahtr ), verbal abstract from Common Germanic dragan to draw . The guttural sound of gh , ch , is retained in Scots; in late Middle English the word was sometimes drawt , whence the frequent /drɔːt/ 16–18th cent. rhymes, but more usually the gh passed in pronunciation, through wh , into f , whence the spelling draft n. now established in some senses, in which the connection with draw is less obvious. All the senses in which draught is still the accepted or approved spelling are treated here; only those in which draft is established appear under that word. Many groups of senses have been derived independently from the verb, so that a satisfactory logical order is almost impossible. In sense 21 after French trait (see trait n.). With sense 25 compare French trait (see trait n.).

I. Senses relating to the action of pulling or drawing.

a. The action, or an act, of drawing or pulling, esp. of a vehicle, plough, etc.; pull, traction. beast of draught: a horse or other animal used for drawing a cart, plough, etc. Also β. rarely draft.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling

drawingc1300

draughta1398

pullinga1425

draggingc1440

halingc1440

lugging?a1500

attraction1578

toilingc1600

trainage1611

hale1615

traction1615

hauling1626

trail1674

tracting1780

haulage1826

pull1833

drawal1936

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. cxv. 1264 Þe worme crepeth nouȝt nouþer glideþ as serpentes doþ but he draweþ his body..wiþ many dyuers draughtes.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 131/1 Drawte, or pulle, tractus.

a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 293 Pull, pull!.. Yit a draght!

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. ix^v The harowe..goth by twitches and nat alway after one draght.

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. ii. 292 That bogs nor rocks, should forbid the draught of the Cannon.

1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 38 I shall give preference to the Hertfordshire Wheel-Plough as one of the best..and of the easiest Draught.

1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) II. vii. 318 The Llama, which was never used for draught.

1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters i. 8 Beasts of draught and of burden.

β. 1801 Trans. Soc. Arts 19 295 (This Crane) having a two-fold principle..making a perpendicular draft, and discharging the load at the same time.

†b. Drawing of breath. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > inhalation > [noun]

inbreathing1382

draught1490

attraction1528

inspiring1528

inspiration1564

inhalation1623

inhaling1820

insufflation1823

inhalement1840

inhaustion1854

inbreath1921

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxii. 82 [ iv. 463] This byrde..syngyng of fyne manere in grete draughtes and of a longe brethe his right sorowfull songe.

c. Drawing motion or action.

ΚΠ

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 401 Chaff-cutter..the shaft..being within the range of the long-way of the mouth~piece, gives the knives about 24 times the usual amount of draught, and causes them to cut, instead of chopping.

2. That which is drawn.

†a. A load. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > a load

ladec897

seamc950

lastOE

burdena1000

charge?c1225

load?c1225

burnc1375

draughta1400

summerc1400

portage1445

pauchlea1450

fraughtc1450

freightc1503

loadinga1513

carriage1597

ballast1620

cargo1657

porterage1666

freightage1823

smalls1846

journey1859

send-off1909

payload1914

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21266 Four ar þai tald, þe wangelistes, þat draues þe wain þat es cristes, O þaim i sal tell..Quat þai bitaken, and quat þair draght.

14.. MS Douce 291 lf. 7 (Halliw.) The whiche..bere and drawe draghtes and berthennes.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 916 Dicson suld tak..his hors..a drawcht off wod to leid.

b. A quantity drawn: used as a specific measure of something drawn, extracted, or taken up.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > [noun] > a definite or specified quantity or amount > specific quantities or amounts > quantity scooped, thrown, lifted, etc.

lifta1400

casta1475

draught1740

pouring1768

draw1830

scoop1832

pour1899

1740 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) Draught [confused with entry for Draught Hook],..in Trade, it is so much goods as are carried upon one carriage at a time.

1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Draught..sixty-one pounds weight of wool.

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 129 Draught (S. Staff.), the quantity of coal raised to bank in a given time.

1893 Labour Commission Gloss. (at cited word) In the salt industry, a draught is the quantity of salt taken out of a pan each time the pan is cleared; sometimes..this drawing takes place once or twice a day.

†3. A drawbridge. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > moat > [noun] > draw-bridge

bridgec1275

tu-brugge1297

draught-bridgec1330

draughtc1400

drawbridgec1400

flying bridge1489

pont-levis1489

trap-bridge1585

drawing bridge1591

sluice1642

pont tornerec1650

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > lifting-bridge > draw-bridge

bridgec1275

tu-brugge1297

draught-bridgec1330

draughtc1400

drawbridgec1400

flying bridge1489

pont-levis1489

trap-bridge1585

drawing bridge1591

sluice1642

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 817 Þay let doun þe grete draȝt.

c1440 Partonope 1636 The porter lete the draught down falle.

4. Something used in drawing or pulling, as harness for horses to draw with: see quots.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal

harness1303

plough harnessc1390

geara1400

draught1483

van harness1823

trave harness1839

yoking1873

hitch1876

trace-harness1885

the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling > thing used in pulling

drag1483

draught1483

1483 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV in Antiq. Rep. (1807) I. 43 The chiefe chare of the Quene..with v. paire of draughts.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Drawghte to drawe vp water after the sorte of a gybet with a paile at the one ende.

1706 in Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.)

1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. v. 157 That part of the shoulders of the horses, to which the draught is fixed.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 395 Set of box whipple-trees, or two-horse draughts.

5. A team of horses or other beasts of draught, together with that which they draw. Now only dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > draught animal > team of

teamOE

yokeOE

draught?1523

teamware1567

plough team1726

work team1809

span1812

farm team1818

spike-team1848

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiii An husbande can nat conuenyently plowe his lande and lode out his donge bothe vpon a day with on draught of beestes.

1644 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) II. 649 The officers and souldiers shall be accomodate with draughts in their march.

1774 Beverley & Hessle Road Act ii. 15 Any person..keeping a team or teams, draught or draughts.

1891 J. C. Atkinson Forty Years Moorland Parish 39 A stone waggon with a team,—a ‘draught’ we call it in our North Yorkshire Vernacular—of no less than 20 horses and oxen attached to it.

II. Figurative uses.

6. figurative. Drawing, attraction; tendency, inclination, impulse. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > attractiveness > [noun] > attractive quality or feature > drawing

draughta1300

traction1649

the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun]

willeOE

hearteOE

i-willc888

self-willeOE

intent?c1225

device1303

couragec1320

talentc1325

greec1330

voluntyc1330

fantasyc1374

likinga1375

disposingc1380

pleasancea1382

affectionc1390

wish1390

disposition1393

affecta1398

likea1400

lista1400

pleasingc1400

emplesance1424

pleasurec1425

well-willingc1443

notiona1450

mindc1450

fancy1465

empleseur1473

hest?a1513

plighta1535

inclination1541

cue1567

month's mind1580

disposedness1583

leaning1587

humour1595

wouldings1613

beneplacit1643

wouldingness1645

vergency1649

bene-placiture1662

good liking1690

draught1758

tida1774

inkling1787

a1300 Body & Soul 85 (Mätz.) To sunne and schame [it] was thi drauȝt.

1432 Paston Lett. No. 18 I. 31 For the goode reule..of the Kynges persone, and draught of him to vertue and connyng.

1758 W. Rickitt Jrnl. 73 I felt a draught to visit New England.

1829 T. Carlyle tr. ‘Novalis’ in Foreign Rev. Dec. 123 A draught towards the Deep, a commencing giddiness.

β. †also draft.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ii. sig. B4 He..By his false allurements wylie draft, Had thousand women of their loue beraft. a1775 J. Churchman Life (1780) 37 I felt a secret gentle draft to visit to meetings in the back parts of Chester.

III. Senses relating to the drawing of a net.

a. The act of drawing a net for fish, or (quot. c1275) for birds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > [noun] > snaring or netting

draughtc1275

trammelling1588

tunnelling1687

bird-snaring1899

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14602 Sparewen þerto liht. and he a þan uorme drahte swiðe monie he ilahte.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke v. f. lxxx^v Let slippe thy nett to make a draught.

a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. ix. 208 Upon the draught of his Pond, not one Fish was left.

a1711 T. Ken Hymns for Festivals in Wks. (1721) I. 362 Full three Thousand..At but one Draught he caught.

1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers II. iv. 54 Even the ladies had become eager to witness the draught of the seine.

b. A place where a net is wont to be drawn. (Also draft.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > fishing with net > place where nets drawn

draught1895

1895 Daily News 4 Feb. 8/5 Severn Salmon Fishing..the netting operations were greatly interfered with by masses of ice..and several favourite drafts were quite frozen over.

8. The quantity of fish taken in one drawing of the net; a take.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fish to be caught or as catch > [noun] > catch of fish

draughta1387

waithing1488

hale1572

tack1596

take1626

catch1792

haul1854

taking1855

fare1884

strike1887

voyage1897

shack1904

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 67 Som fischeres solde a drauȝte of fische wiþ þe nettis.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke v. f. lxxxj He was vtterly astonyed..att the draught off fisshe which they toke.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 241 This was a great draught in so short a time, and such as Saint Peter himselfe never made the like in all his life.

1833 H. Martineau Cinnamon & Pearls i. 13 To secure a good draught of fish.

β. rarely draft.1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 285 It has the whole draft of fishes in its drag-net.

9. A measure of weight of eels, equal to 20 lbs.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > units for other specific commodities

mount1532

pint1599

stand1675

stand1729

mark1731

draught1859

tex1953

1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 18 Eels are sold by the ‘draft’ of twenty pounds weight.

1891 Times 28 Sept. 4/2 Live eels, 20s. per draught; dead eels, 14s. per draught.

IV. Senses relating to the drawing of a bow.

†10. The drawing of a bow; a bowshot; also, the distance which a bow can shoot. See also bow-draught n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > distance covered by a bow-shot

draughtc1330

arrow shotc1487

start1820

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > use of bow and arrow > [noun] > action of drawing bow

draughtc1330

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 862 Wyþ þat schote his ffader he slow; Al vnwylland þat draught he drow.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxv. 118 Þe ferthe commez behind him, as it ware ane arow draght.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1224 Lamydon..with-drogh hym A draght.

1581 T. Styward Pathwaie to Martiall Discipline i. 44 That euerie man haue a good and meete Bowe according to his draught and strength.

1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 181 Geffray..at one draught of his bowe..broched three feetlesse birds called Allerions.

†11. The drawing or sweep of a weapon; a stroke, a blow. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > [noun] > stroke with sharp weapon

draughtc1320

chop1362

reverse1490

slash1576

riverso1595

cuta1616

c1320 Sir Beues (MS. A) 868 Sum kniȝt Beues so ofrauȝte Þe heued of at þe ferste drauȝte.

a1400 Octouian 1666 No man ne myghte with strengthe asytte Hys swordes draught.

c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 388 xij. draughtes with þe egge of þe knyfe þe venison crossande.

14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 109 Sche..smitith þe grounde with hir heed wiþ a meruaylous draughte.

12. The drawing of a saw through a block of wood or stone; hence a measure of sawyers' work.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > sawyers' work

draught1404

hundred-work1703

1404 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 205 (note) In sarracione xv draghtez..11d.

c1520 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 205 Johanni Henryson sawying waynscottes..xxxij dragttes, 1d. j draghth, 16d.

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 175 Scaleboards, from Germany, are packed in Bundles, weighing 50 at each Draught.

1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. vi. 100 He was cutting it [a block of Sandstone] by three draughts, parallel to its largest plane, into four slabs.

13. = cloff n. (Now usually draft n. 1.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > amount determined by weighing > deduction to give net weight > other allowances

cloffc1503

tretc1503

draughta1513

draft1757

taring1882

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxviii^v Before tyme y^e Weyer vsyd to lene his draught towarde the Marchaundyse, soo that the byar hadde...x. or .xii.li. in a Draughte to his aduauntage.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Draught..in Trade, an Allowance made in the weighing of Commodities. See Clough.

V. Senses relating to the imbibing of liquid.

14.

a. The drawing of liquid into the mouth or down the throat; an act of drinking, a drink; the quantity of drink swallowed at one ‘pull’.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught

shenchc950

drinkc1000

draughtc1200

beveragec1390

napa1450

potation1479–81

potionc1484

slaker?1518

glut1541

pocill1572

adipson1601

go-down1614

slash1614

gulf1674

libation1751

meridian1771

sinda1774

sling1788

mahogany1791

a shove in the mouth1821

nooner1836

quencher1841

refresh1851

slackener1861

squencher1871

refreshener1888

refresher1922

maiden's blush1941

maiden's water1975

the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun]

drinkc888

draughtc1200

drinkingc1200

wetting1340

beveragec1390

receipta1393

bever1499

potation1509

quaff1579

watering1598

wipe1600

sorbition1623

imbibation1826

imbibition1844

bibition1853

c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 199 [Þe neddre] cumeð to sum welle and drinkeð a draht swo michel þat heo chineð.

1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 222 To drynke a drauȝte [C. xxiii. 223 drawt] of good ale.

c1440 York Myst. xxxvi. 240 A draughte here of drinke haue I dreste.

1555 R. Eden Disc. Vyage rounde Worlde in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 220 One of these..drunke a bowle of water at a draught.

1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence ii. ii. sig. D3^v Let us take then Our morning draught.

1687 T. Shadwell tr. Juvenal Tenth Satyr Sat. x. 37 No Poyson is in Earthen Vessels brought; In Gold adorn'd with Gemms beware each draught.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. viii. 158 Giscon drank the inflam'd potion at one draught.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 196 It forms a pleasant effervescing draught.

β. rarely draft.1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 199 Empty thy cuppe..there is but a litle draft left.1660 S. Pepys Diary 27 Feb. (1970) I. 70 They brought me a draught of their drink in a brown bowl.

†b. A fanciful name for a ‘company’ of butlers. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > butler > a company of

draught1486

1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b A Draught of boteleris.

15. A dose of liquid medicine; a potion.black draught: see first element.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > medicinal potion or draught > [noun]

drenchc1000

drink1362

supping medicinea1400

poisonc1400

potionc1400

potationa1475

draught1631

potent1902

1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) §cxxxix How loathsome a draught is this?

1700 J. Dryden To my Kinsman J. Driden in Fables 97 Better to hunt in Fields, for Health unbought, Than fee the Doctor for a nauseous Draught.

1762 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 545/1 She spreads the couch, prepares the healing draught [rhyme unbought].

1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest II. xii. 197 I have ordered him a composing draught.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 103 The incipient effects of the soporific draught.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess ii. 35 To smoothe my pillow, mix the foaming draught Of fever.

16. Drawing of smoke or vapour into the mouth, inhaling; that which is inhaled at one breath.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > [noun] > a smoke or inhalation

whiff1600

quiff1617

draught1621

puffing1675

draw1823

shoch1831

pull1841

blow1855

reek1876

drag1914

inhale1934

1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco (1650) 402 To take 4 or 5 draughts of this fume.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 9 The common Prison..Where I a Prisoner chain'd, scarce freely draw The air imprison'd also, close and damp, Unwholsom draught .

1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. i. 4 There is no composing draught like the draught through the tube of a pipe.

17. figurative. The ‘drinking in’ of something by the mind or soul; a portion of something, pleasurable or painful, ‘drunk’, partaken of, or experienced. (Cf. drink v.¹; also cup n. 9.)

ΚΠ

1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Catech. & Other Pieces (1844) 295 Take him with the hand of thy heart, and chiefly drink him with the draught of thy inward man.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 72. ⁋1 Make the draught of life sweet or bitter.

1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. ix. 186 Quaffing deep draughts of love.

1878 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 169 Ecstatic whirl And draught intense of passionate joy and pain.

VI. Senses relating to extending or stretching.

18. The action of drawing out to a greater length, extension, stretching; concrete that which is drawn out or spun, a thread. spec. in Cotton-spinning, etc. the ‘drawing’ or elongation of the slivers by passing them between pairs of rollers revolving at different speeds. (See draw v. 41f.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer > drawing out to greater length

draughtc1400

β. sometimes draft.

c1400 Test. Love iii. (R.) The euen drauht of the wyer drawer, maketh the wyer to ben euen.

1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. i. 1/2 (margin) in R. Holinshed Chron. I The wool..is..spoune so fine that it is in manner comparable to the spyders draught.

1719 R. Steele Spinster 346 Flowered silk and worsted tammy draughts.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 975 The drawing operation, or draught, is..repeated in all the subsequent processes.

1877–81 W. C. Bramwell Wool-carder 44 What stands for ‘top’ in wool manufacture is called first drafts in silk-combing.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 274/1 One yard of lap is drawn out to one hundred yards of sliver. This draught may be increased or diminished.

VII. Senses relating to the displacement of water.

19. Nautical. [See draw v. 29] The action of ‘drawing’ or displacing (so much) water; the depth of water which a vessel draws, or requires to float her.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > attributes of vessel > depth to which vessel sinks

draughta1616

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 51 A bawbling Vessell was he Captaine of, For shallow draught and bulke vnprizable.

1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 54 Her water draught is so many foot as she goes in the water.

1751 Act 24 Geo. II c. 8 §2 Orders..touching the sizes and Draughts of all Boats, Barges and other Vessels.

1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 10 For shipping of less draught, pilots are in attendance.

1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 85 §3 A scale of feet denoting her draught of water shall be marked on each side of her stem.

figurative.1882 J. C. Morison Macaulay 27 There was a defect of deep sensibility in Macaulay—a want of moral draught and earnestness.β. sometimes draft.1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 509 They then begin a..march, the regularity of whose step is essential to the draft of the vessel.1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 115 Her draft of water..was 16 feet 7 inches aft.1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 122 The Channel..is the least dangerous for a steamer of draft.

VIII. Senses relating to moving along a course.

†20.

a. The action of moving along (cf. draw v. 46); course, going, way. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun]

runeeOE

coursec1290

draughta1325

careerc1534

addression1602

tendence1644

tendency1654

ducturea1674

traduction1675

headinga1855

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3745 A-gen he maden here dragt, Al-so ðat skie haued tagt.

c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 479 Out of Grece þer cam a bole; To Paris bestes was his draught, And wiþ Parys bole he faught.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. i They loued to gyder more hotter than they did to fore hand, and had suche preuy draughtes to gyder that many in the Courte spak of hit.

†b. figurative. Course, way of going on. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [noun] > course of events

draughta1327

occasiona1450

events1582

subcycle1860

scenario1962

a1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 153 Uch a strumpet that ther is such drahtes wl drawe.

a1400 Sir Perc. 2160 Thus es the lady so wo, And this is the draghte!

†21. A ‘move’ at chess or any similar game. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > [noun] > move

draughtc1369

move1656

movement1734

c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 653 At the chesse with me she gan to pley, With hir fals draughtes dyvers She staale on me.

?1370 Robt. Cicyle (Halliw.) 54 With a draght he was chekmate.

1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Roxb.) 76.

1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. i. 157 (heading) The progression and draughtes of the forsayd playe of the chesse.

1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits viii. 112 He..makes ten or twelue faire draughts one after another on the Chesse-boord.

1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play 3 The draught of a Pawne is only one house at a time.

22.

a. plural. A game played by two persons on a board of the same kind as that used in chess, which game it somewhat resembles, though of much simpler character, all the pieces or ‘men’ being of equal value and moving alike diagonally. (In U.S. called checkers, in Scotl. dambrod.)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun]

jeu de damesc1380

draughtsc1540

dam1580

checker1712

chequers1838

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > other board games > [noun] > others

quek1376

quek-board1477

draughtsc1540

goose1597

mancala1687

pachisi1801

Chinese chequers1840

go1840

shogi1858

wari1866

wei ch'i1871

gobang1875

crokinole1885

Kono1895

salta1901

Snakes and Ladders1907

pegity1925

oware1929

monopoly1934

Scrabble1950

morabaraba1953

Chutes and Ladders1955

pentominos1975

Trivial Pursuit1982

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1622 The draghtes, the dyse, and oþer dregh gaumes.

a1602 W. Perkins Cases of Consc. (1619) 346 The games of chesse, and draughts.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1756 I. 174 The game of draughts..is peculiarly calculated to fix the attention without straining it.

?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle 105 Draughts is entirely a game of mathematical calculation.

1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 391 These pastimes are not so very unlike a game of draughts.

β. rarely drafts.1726 B. Franklin Jrnl. in Wks. (1887) I. App. 116 I tire myself with playing at drafts.1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe II. 405 The evening was passed in a variety of amusements. Some were occupied at drafts.1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 308 They play at what we call Polish drafts.

b. One of the pieces used in this game: = draughtsman n. 4 (Usually in plural)

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] > piece

checker1864

draughtman1864

checker-man1883

draught1894

draughtsman1894

1894 ‘Chequerist’ How to play Draughts Well 14 The Draughts must be so turned that one man will stand on another for ‘crowning’.

IX. Senses relating to a flow of water.

23.

a. A current, stream, flow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river

floodc825

streamc875

eaeOE

water streamOE

flumec1175

fleamc1300

riverc1300

currentc1380

reea1500

ford1563

fluent1598

draught1601

nymph1605

amnic1623

flux1637

nullah1656

R1692

currency1758

silent highway1841

the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun]

currentc1380

veina1500

ford1563

tide1585

vein1600

draught1601

currency1758

stream-currenta1830

palaeocurrent1955

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 7 Whiles she [the moon] is turned away, all the draught of light, she casteth thither backe againe, from whence she receiued it.

1684 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 14 564 There is a vast draught of water poured continually out of the Atlantick into the Mediteranean.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 102. ⁋12 The draught of the gulph was generally too strong to be overcome.

1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 161 The..sympathy which causes..the mother to feel the draught flow into her breasts some seconds before the child awakes.

1822 J. Flint Lett. from Amer. 75 On approaching rapids, I was usually in the very draught of them, before I could discern the proper channel.

1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Draught..in the breast of a nursing woman.

b. A stream course, a ravine (?). (Also draft)

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel

runeOE

sitchOE

pipeOE

sichetc1133

guttera1300

siket1300

sikec1330

watergate1368

gole?a1400

gotea1400

flout14..

aa1430

trough1513

guta1552

race1570

lode1572

canala1576

ditch1589

trink1592

leam1601

dike1616

runlet1630

stell1651

nullah1656

course1665

drain1700

lade1706

droke1772

regimen1797

draught1807

adit1808

sluit1818

thalweg1831

runway1874

1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 101 Having found a tolerable good road except where some draughts crossed it.

1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 231 But the snow was not so deep in the drafts between them.

c. Hydraulics. The area of an opening for a flow of water: see quot. 1874 (Also draft.)

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft..8, The combined sectional area of the openings in a turbine water-wheel; or the area of opening of the sluice-gate of a fore-bay.

24.

a. A current of air, esp. in a confined space, as a room or a chimney. Phr. to feel the draught: see feel v. Phrases 12. natural draught: the current of air that passes through the fire in a steam boiler, etc. without mechanical aid, as distinguished from blast draught, forced draught, that artificially increased either by rarifying the air above the fire or by compressing it below the same.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air

windc1000

air-current1600

streama1722

draughta1774

air draught1786

waft1863

airstream1869

a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 397 We feel and hear the draught of air, and see the commotions it raises among the trees.

1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 315 The height of the chimney has an important effect on the draught of a wind-furnace.

1844 C. Dickens Let. 22 July (1977) IV. 162 A sore throat; from sitting in constant draughts.

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Blast draught..Forced draught..Natural draught.

1896 Times (Weekly ed.) 18 Sept. 641/3 The steam trials of the Victorious, battleship, have proved remarkably successful, the contract speed for natural and forced draught having been exceeded.

β. sometimes draft.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 246 The nearer the throat [of the chimney] is brought to the fire, the stronger the draft will be.1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 207 The drafts from the doors and from the windows.1873 H. W. Longfellow Interlude in Aftermath i. 36 That draft of cold, Unpleasant night air.

b. An appliance for creating a draught in a fireplace; a blower. (Also draft.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > devices to provide or adjust draught

fan1530

register1744

damper1788

Shadrach1827

draught1870

phukni1959

1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls vi. 103 The draughts [in some later eds. drafts] were put on, and in five minutes the coals were red.

X. Senses relating to artistic delineation.

†25. The drawing of a brush, pen, pencil, or the like, across a surface, so as to make a line or mark; the mark so made; a stroke. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > stroke of pen or brush

draughtc1305

hand1567

trait1589

hair-stroke1634

masterstroke1679

stroke1815

slick1881

c1305 Edmund Conf. 224 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 77 Arsmetrike is a lore..of figours..And of drauȝtes as me draweþ in poudre.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3624 Besseleel And eliab, he maden wel Ðe tabernacle..Goten and grauen wið witter dragt.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1557 Þer watz neuer on so wyse couþe on worde rede..What tyþyng ne tale tokened þo draȝtes.

1548 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. (1567) Lineamenti, strikes or draughtes of a figure.

1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 1^v A right line is the shortest extension or draught..from one poynt to an other.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 119 It is time to draw the last draught of the pensill vpon the face.

1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §19 How to express all kind of sounds, with the several draughts of a pen.

†26. Drawing of figures; delineation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun]

tracingc1440

drawing1467

draught1551

protracture1551

delineation1570

proposition1584

delineating1603

protracting1661

iconography1678

graphic design1956

1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. xvii For the manner of their draught wil declare, how many paires of parallels they shall neede.

1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 107 For your first beginning..in draught, make your hand..ready..in those generall figures of the Circle, ovall, square, &c.

1706 B. Buckeridge Ess. Eng. School in J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 402 Had his Colouring and Pencilling been as good as his Draught.

a1734 R. North Lives of Norths (1826) II. 211 Painters, and such as practise draught.

†27.

a. That which is drawn or delineated; a representation (of an object) by lines drawn on the surface of paper, etc.; a drawing, picture, sketch. Obsolete in general sense.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing

draughta1400

protract1585

drawing1669

trace1744

a1400–50 Alexander 280 In þis oþir draȝt ware deuysid a dusan of bestis.

1584 G. Peele Araygnem. Paris i. iii. sig. Aiiij A deintie draught to lay her [sc. Venus] downe in blue.

1667 H. Oldenburg in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 420 Sufficiently skilled..to make a Draught of the Place.

1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 109 The Draught of an old Saxon Coin.

1761 S. Johnson Life Ascham in R. Ascham Eng. Wks. p. iv He..embellished [his pages] with elegant draughts and illuminations.

β. rarely draft.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxv. 141 Lively drafts of a woman of estate of Græcia, of a Turky woman of meane estate [etc.].1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 930 This sort Pennius referreth to the species of the Wasp, and so he describeth it in his drafts.1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. i. 15 I took a draft of the unhappy sufferer.

†b. Representation in sculpture; a sculptured figure. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > a sculpture or carving

graving1382

carvingc1384

similitudea1450

piece1579

insculpturea1616

sculpture1616

draught1646

cut1658

cutting1787

sculpc1845

mushroom stone1957

1646 J. Cleveland King's Disguise 88 Porches wrought With Sphynxes, Creatures of an Antique draught.

1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 105 The sculpture draughts of the larger Pyramids of Ægypt.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 246 An old Tower built of Free-stone, of which you see the Draught in the Sculpture.

28.

a. spec. An outline, sketch, or design, preparatory to a completed work of art.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > preparatory to a completer work of art

plot1548

draught1574

1574 J. Baret Aluearie D 1025 The first ordinance or first draughts or drawings which are done with a cole, adumbratio.

1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 58 The lambe [is] a shadowing figure, like the first draught of a painter.

1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 54 Poetry..resembles the Statuary's and the Painter's [art]..in this more particularly, that it has its original Draughts and Models for Study and Practice.

1771 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) iv. 359 A composition of the various draughts which he had previously made from various beautiful scenes and prospects.

1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 177 Why need I galleries, when a pupil's draught..fills and o'erfills My apprehension?

b. figurative. Image, representation; something devised or designed like a work of art; slight or preliminary sketch or outline.

ΚΠ

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) i. v. 12 This way of seeking God..that is, to follow these first draughts which..doe as in a shadow set forth a lively image of him.

1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 67 My Elder Brothers..Rough-draughts of Nature, ill design'd, and lame.

1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe II. 99 The Bay of Naples and its environs form a draught of higher and more finished scenery, than I have yet seen.

β. rarely draft.1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 92 Y^e image of God, yea, y^e perfect image..It is not a draft halfe drawen.

29. A sketch in words; a slight or concise account, ‘outline’, abstract.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > outline or sketch in words

outdraughtc1300

minute1443

draught?1504

plat1525

plot1548

table1560

scheme1652

schizzo1686

outline1760

profile1783

abbozzo1846

?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. aa.iii The famous draughtes of poetes eloquent.

1569 T. Underdowne tr. Ovid Inuectiue against Ibis (title page) A short Draught of all the Stories and Tales contained therein.

1665 Epit. in Beverley Minster What ere I did beleeve, what ere I tavght..Resurgam of them all is the fvll dravght.

1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 130 Thus I have, in a short draught, given a view of our original Ideas.

1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 302. ⁋8 This is but an imperfect Draught of so excellent a Character.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 151. ⁋6 Unable to compare the draughts of fiction with their originals.

β. sometimes draft.1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (1875) ii. 90 Drafts of the future state given by religious systems of human origin.

†30. A plan, map, chart, plot. Also draft n. 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun]

mapa1527

carda1532

card of the sea1555

chard?a1560

chart?a1560

draught1580

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram

plat1508

plot1551

plack1552

placket1552

lineament1570

draught1580

landscape1642

plan1664

speculum1676

chart1880

1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Alignement, a Carde or draught.

1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. i. 2 The general draught of the whole Iland.

1701 A. Boyer (title) The draughts of the most remarkable fortified towns of Europe.

1875 J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. 15 This tract of low land was partly included in the Wells's meadow draught.

31.

a. A ‘plan’ of something to be constructed, as a building. Also draft n. 4.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > working drawing

draught1577

design1624

draft1678

setting-out1848

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. vii. sig. Kk.ii^v/2 There should be lawes concerning draughts, & order of buyldinges.

1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building Ep. Ded. sig. A6 The makeing of a Sumptuous Gate at Temple-Barr, whereof a Draught hath been presented to his Sacred Majesty.

1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Archit. (1818) 79 Let the architect first make a draught on paper of the intended work.

1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 116 Elevation, the orthographic draught or perpendicular plan of a ship, whereon the heights and lengths are expressed. It is called by ship-wrights the ‘sheer draught’.

†b. A pattern, an outline drawing. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > outline drawing

draught1593

ground-lines1624

lines1680

1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iii. 53 Certaine exemplary draughts or patternes.

1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 342 When the corne is come uppe a man may see the draughts of streetes crossing one another.

32. A preliminary ‘sketch’ or outline of a writing or document, from which the fair or finished copy is made. (Now usually draft n. 5.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > preliminary or rough copy

draught1528

rough draft1576

foul papers1601

rough copy1638

essay1656

concept1658

draft1769

upset1841

1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 250 Where ther is a draught of a Will of myne.

c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 263 This was the first draught of the new covenant.

a1690 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 238 In the Draught of the Bill..it was further specified [etc.].

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. Pref. 3 What I wrote in the first draught of this work.

1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 3 There are two Draughts of this Letter in his own hand writing.

1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 7 I prepared a draught of instructions to be given to the delegates.

1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xiv. 31 We have found several rough draughts of the changes which he intended to have made upon the scholium.

†33. Something drawn up or devised; a scheme, plan, design, device; a plot; an artifice. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan

redeeOE

devicec1290

casta1300

went1303

ordinancec1385

intentc1386

imaginationa1393

drifta1535

draught1535

forecast1535

platform1547

ground-plat?a1560

table1560

convoy1565

design1565

plat1574

ground-plota1586

plot1587

reach1587

theory1593

game1595

projectment1611

projecting1616

navation1628

approach1633

plan1635

systema1648

sophism1657

manage1667

brouillon1678

speculationa1684

sketch1697

to take measures1698

method1704

scheme1704

lines1760

outline1760

measure1767

restorative1821

ground plan1834

strategy1834

programme1837

ticket1842

project1849

outline plan1850

layout1867

draft1879

dart1882

lurk1916

schema1939

lick1955

the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot

devicec1290

wanlace1303

conjecturea1464

machinationa1475

practice1533

draught1535

plot?c1550

plat1584

design1590

contrivement1608

intrigo1648

complotment1660

underplot1668

contrivance1689

intrigue1692

scheme1719

infanglement1753

fix-up1832

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 101 Richt quietlie..that draucht wes drawin.

1631 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 70 The counsels and draughts of men against the kirk.

1731 A. Pope Epist. to Earl of Burlington 9 Greatness, with Timon, dwells in such a Draught As brings all Brobdignag before your Thought.

β. rarely draft.1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (1875) i. 21 How much this draft of morality..differs from that of heathen nations in general.

XI. Senses relating to withdrawal.

34. The withdrawing, detachment, or selection of certain persons, animals, or things from a larger body for some special duty or purpose; the party so drawn off or selected; spec. in military use. (Now usually draft n. 2a.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > [noun] > selecting from a number or for a purpose > specific persons or animals

draught1703

draughting1796

draft1800

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun]

conreyc1330

partyc1330

stalec1350

stuff1412

crew1455

working party1744

draft1756

draught1780

commando1791

detail1862

otriad1916

taskforce1927

stick1953

1703 London Gaz. No. 3888/3 Orders..for making a considerable Draught out of our Garison, in order to some Expedition.

1708 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. iii. x. 245 The several garrisons, from whence Draughts are made for the army.

1780 T. Jefferson Let. 23 Sept. in Papers (1951) III. 660 We happened to have about 400 draughts raised..and never called out.

1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 268 Draughts, hazel-rods selected for hurdle-making.

1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 31 Draughts of labourers were employed in Spain.

35. Commerce.

a. The ‘drawing’ or withdrawing of money from a stock by means of an order written in due form. (Also draft n. 3a.)

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > withdrawing money

draught1633

draft1833

withdrawal1861

1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. iii. 29 Fearing..lest some draught might bee drawen upon them.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1766) I. 437 To get such draughts made on that bank..that there should be no money current there.

1759 S. Johnson Idler 10 Mar. 73 Payments by draughts upon our Banker.

1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xix. 266 Replenishing the exchequer by draughts on his new subjects.

b. A formal written order for the payment of money, ‘drawn on’, or addressed to, a person holding funds available for this purpose. (Now written draft n. 3b.)

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > cheque

paper credit1725

draught1736

banker's draft1764

bank cheque1774

draft1786

sight cheque1863

certified cheque1880

marked cheque1896

Eurocheque1969

1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Draught,..a bill drawn by a Merchant payable by another on whom it is drawn.

1743 H. Fielding Ess. Char. Men in Misc. I. 205 [He] who relieves his Friend in Distress, by a Draught on Aldgate Pump. [Note] A Mercantile Phrase for a bad Note.

1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xxx. 467 In common speech such a bill is frequently called a draught, but a bill of exchange is the more legal as well as mercantile expression.

1775 Fielding's True Patriot in Wks. IX. 335 I have sent you a draught on your tutor, according to your desires.

1786 Particulars Trials John Shepherd 13 Mr. Elliot sent the draft to the bankers, which was returned unpaid.

1790 A. J. Dallas Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 1 195 Draughts made payable to the party himself.

XII. Senses relating to drawing out or extraction.

36. The act of drawing forth or out; drawing (as of lots). rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > casting of lots, sortilege > [noun]

cavellingc1375

sortc1386

sortilegea1387

sortilegya1387

lot-casting1569

lottery1570

cleromancy1610

sortiary1653

draught1807

1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca iii. xvi. 264 To take fatidical verses..written..on little pieces of paper, to put them into a vessel; out of which they drew them, expecting to read their fate in the first draught.

†37. figurative. Extraction, derivation; something derived, an emanation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > inherited quality or constitution

draught1483

strind?a1513

patrimonya1578

strain1605

inheritance1613

hereditament1795

stripe1861

stock1866

unit character1902

1483 Festivall (1515) 76 The synne y^t they had of the draught of kynde of our fader Adam and Eve.

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) i. v. 11 Some say that Bees have part of minde divine, and heavenly draughts.

†38. A passage of a writing; an extract. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > extract > [noun]

stitchena1225

outdraughtc1300

draught1382

sentencec1400

article1417

place1526

membera1535

gobbet?1550

extracture1602

excerption1614

excerpta1638

analects1641

extraction1656

extract1666

selection1805

worksheet1823

reading1828

screed1829

sectiuncle1838

snippet1864

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Esther Prol. The whiche boc the comun making drawith along hider and thider with the torne draȝtis.

c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hypermnestra. 2667 And seyde, herof a draught, or two.

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 373 Extracts and draughts out of those authors.

†39. An extract obtained by distillation. (Also draft.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > essence or extract obtained by

draught1576

alcohol1590

essence1660

1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 230^v To the draft or substance of the hearbs, let the proper water be poured.

40. The action of drawing liquor from a vessel; the condition of being ready to be so drawn.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor

birlinga1340

draughtc1440

skinking1592

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 131/1 Drawte of..lycoure owte of a wesselle.

1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 234 By this machine, wines, spirits, stout, &c., can be kept on draught.

41. Cookery. The entrails of an animal drawn out (cf. draw v. 56). Obsolete or dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > pluck, offal, or tripe

tripea1300

numblesc1330

tripea1400

chitterling?c1400

giblet14..

hasletc1400

umbles14..

womb cloutc1400

garbage1422

offala1425

interlardc1440

hinge1469

draught?a1475

mugget1481

paunch1512

purtenance1530

pertinence1535

chawdron1578

menudes1585

humblesa1592

gut?1602

pluck1611

sheep's-pluck1611

fifth quarter1679

trail1764

fry1847

chitling1869

small goods1874

black tripe1937

variety meat1942

?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry in Middle Eng. Dict. at Spaun(e Tak the draught of samon and mak it clene and put it in a pot..and boile it till it be enoughe, then tak it up and grind the spawn.

1787 Mrs. Maciver in Kitchiner Cook's Oracle (1829) 373 Scotch Haggis..mince the draught and a pretty large piece of beef very small.

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Draucht, the entrails of a calf or sheep, the pluck.

42. A mild blister or poultice that ‘draws’.

ΚΠ

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Draught..18 A sinapism, a mild vesicatory. (So in later Dicts.)

43. Masonry, Architecture, etc. (See quots.)

ΚΠ

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 966 Draught, in masonry, a part of the surface of the stone, hewn to the breadth of the chisel on the margin of the stone according to the curved or straight line to which the surface is to be brought.

1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Draught..8 The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold.

1876 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) Gloss. 1234 In carpentry, when a tenon is to be secured in a mortise by a pin, and the hole in the tenon is made nearer the shoulder than to the cheeks of the mortise, the insertion of the pin draws the shoulder of the tenon close to the cheeks of the mortise, and it is said to have a draught.

1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1313 Two chisel draughts are made at one side and the end of the stave something like what in joinery is termed a rebate.

44. Weaving. The succession in which the threads of the warp are inserted into the heddles of the loom in order to produce the required pattern; the plan of ‘drawing’ of a warp (see draw v. 17).

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > threads in process of weaving > [noun] > warp > plan of

draught1822

1822 A. Peddie (title) Linen Manufacturer, Weaver, and Warper's Assistant, with Tables, Drafts, Cordings, etc.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 979 [Textile Fabrics] As the operation of introducing the warp into any number of leaves [of heddles] is called drawing a warp, the plan of succession is called the ‘draught’.

1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 982 Fig. 1955 represents the draught and cording of a fanciful species of dimity.

XIII. [In sense 46 withdraught also occurs, and has been taken by some as the full word whence draught has been shortened.]

†45. (?) A cesspool, sink, or sewer. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer

cockey1390

gutterc1440

soughc1440

sew1475

withdraught1493

sink1499

syre1513

closet1531

draught1533

vault1533

drain1552

fleet1583

issue1588

drainer1598

guzzle1598

shore1598

sewer1609

vennel1641

cloaca1656

cuniculus1670

pend1817

thurrock1847

sewer line1977

1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) v. 479 Now..everie privat house hath the awin gutters and sinkes, for voiding of filthie excrementis, quhare before thay had ane commoun draucht.

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 126 Our whole body is within as it were a stinking draught or puddle that emptieth it selfe on euery side as it were by sinks & gutters.

1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. (1609) i. xi. Notes 1366 The image of this Cloacina was found in a privie or draught, called Maxima.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 72 Sweet draught, sweet quoth a, sweet sinke, sweet sure.

1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser Pref. 12 Some make this Place the Draught of their Houses.

†46.

a. A privy: also draught-house (see Compounds 2). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]

gongOE

privy?c1225

room-housec1275

chamber foreignc1300

wardrobea1325

privy chamberc1325

foreignc1390

siegec1400

stool1410

jakes1432

house of easementa1438

kocayc1440

siege-hole1440

siege-house1440

privy house1463

withdraught1493

draught1530

shield1535

bench-hole1542

common house1542

stool1542

jakes house1547

boggard1552

house of office?1560

purging place1577

little house1579

issue1588

Ajax1596

draught-house1597

private1600

necessary house1612

vault1617

longhouse1622

latrine1623

necessary1633

commonsa1641

gingerbread officea1643

boghouse1644

cloaca1645

passage-house1646

retreat1653

shithouse1659

closet of ease1662

garderobe1680

backside1704

office1727

bog?1731

house of ease1734

cuz-john1735

easing-chair1771

backhouse1800

outhouse1819

netty1825

petty1848

seat of ease1850

closet1869

bathroom1883

crapper1927

lat1927

shouse1941

biffy1942

shitholec1947

toot1965

shitter1967

woodshed1974

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 215/1 Draught a prevy, ortraict.

a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 68/1 This communicacion had he sitting at the draught [1543 Grafton Drafte], a conuenient carpet for such a counsaile.

1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.v Christ saide all thynges that a man eatethe..is sent downe into the draughte awaye.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. i. 102 Hang them, or stab them, drowne them in a draught .

1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 501 A draught or Jakes, latrina: secessus.

β. 1537 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 142 [He] borowed a candell..and serched the drawft and all the chambers on the back side.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Draft or Jaques..latrina.

†b. Evacuation. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > faeces > [noun]

gorec725

mixeOE

quedeeOE

turdeOE

dungOE

worthinga1225

dirta1300

drega1300

naturea1325

fen1340

ordurec1390

fimea1475

merd1486

stercory1496

avoidc1503

siegec1530

fex1540

excrement1541

hinder-fallings1561

gong1562

foil1565

voiding1577

pilgrim-salvec1580

egestion1583

shita1585

sir-reverence1592

purgament1597

filinga1622

faecesa1625

exclusion1646

faecality1653

tantadlin1654

surreverence1655

draught1659

excrementitiousness1660

jakes1701

old golda1704

dejection1728

dejecture1731

shitea1733

feculence1733

doll1825

crap1846

excreta1857

excretes1883

hockey1886

dejecta1887

job1899

number two1902

mess1903

ming1923

do1930

tomtit1930

pony1931

No. 21937

dog shit1944

Shinola1944

big job1945

biggie1953

doo-doo1954

doings1957

gick1959

pooh1960

pooh-pooh1962

dooky1965

poopy1970

whoopsie1973

pucky1980

jobbie1981

1659 W. S. Macollo's XCIX Canons in Physick 6 If in the draught there be found any piece of skin, it signifies the Guts to be ulcerate.

Compounds

C1. attributive.

a. Of beasts: Used for draught or drawing (see 1).

ΚΠ

1466 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 285 A draght ox.

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxx^v Melch kye and draught oxen.

1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 777 Draught-Horses..for the Artillery and Baggage of the Irish Army.

1786 E. Burke Articles of Charge against W. Hastings vii. 170 Draught and carriage bullocks for the army.

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 273 Strengthened with additional draught animals, both horses and bullocks, we commenced the ascent [of the Simplon].

β. also draft.1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 107 Yoke you like draught oxen. 1681 London Gaz. No. 1635/4 Five good Draft-Horses.1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. Introd. 17 I purchased five draft-bullocks.

b. Of sheep: Drafted or selected from the flock; see draft n. Compounds 1.

c. Of liquor: On draught; drawn or ready to draw from the cask: as draught ale, draught beer, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > draught

draught1836

1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 39 A pot of the real draught stout.

1893 Daily News 27 Feb. 4/7 Whisky will keep, and draft ale will not.

1971 Daily Tel. 13 May 13/6 Draught beer..is brewed from hops, malt and yeast and is served either by tap or by hand (suction) pump directly from the barrel.

d. Of a document: Drawn up as a preliminary or rough copy. (Commonly draft n. Compounds 2.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > writing > written text > [adjective] > of document, drawn up as rough copy

draught1878

1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein II. 293 The document resembles closely..the draught Proclamation.

1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 323 In the form of a draught Act of Federation.

C2. General attributive.

a. In sense 1 (pull, traction).

draught-bar n.

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-bar. 1. A swingle-tree. 2. The bar of a railway-car with which the coupling is immediately connected.

draught-equalizer n.

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-equalizer, a treble tree; a mode of arranging the whiffletrees when three horses are pulling abreast, so that all possess an equal leverage.

draught-harness n.

ΚΠ

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. iij Thesaied Chariotes, and the draught harnesses.

draught-pole n.

ΚΠ

1893 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 4 715 The draft-pole is pivoted to eyes..attached to the forward face of the main frame.

draught-rod n.

ΚΠ

1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 32 (Locks). The draught rod connects the paddle or sluice with the lever, the rack and winch, or the crowbar [that raises it].

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-rod (Plow.), a rod extending beneath the beam from the clevis to the sheth and taking the strain off the beam.

draught-rope n.

ΚΠ

1753Draught-ropes [see draught-hook n. at Compounds 2c].

draught-spring n.

b. In other senses.

draught-phial n.

ΚΠ

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 521 The dose of this water..was a draught phial full, and, consequently, about an ounce and a-half.

draught-player n.

draught-playing n. (22)

ΚΠ

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Feb. 4/1 The inmates were sitting reading, draught playing, or otherwise amusing themselves.

† draught-raker n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

a1605 Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 758 Halland shaker, draught raiker.

draught-furnace n.

draught-regulator n.

c. Special combinations. Also draught-bridge n., etc.

draught arm n. a handle used in drawing liquid from a beer-machine or soda-water fountain.

ΚΠ

1901 Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 11/1 Before entering into any arrangements with the vendors of the various taps or draught arms at present being offered.

draught-board n. the board on which the game of draughts is played.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] > board

chequerboard1597

draught-board1726

dam-brod1826

1726 B. Franklin Jrnl. in Wks. (1887) I. App. 104 All this afternoon I spent..at the draft-board.

a1833 C. Lamb Detached Thoughts on Bks. in Last Ess. of Elia (Ainger 218) In..books which are no books..I reckon court calendars, directories, pocket-books, draught-boards bound and lettered on the back.

draught-box n. (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-box..an air-tight tube by which the water from an elevated wheel is conducted to the tail-race.

† draught-boy n. Obsolete = draw-boy n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > method of > figure weaving > boy who pulls cords of harness in

draught-boy1687

draw-boy1699

1687 London Gaz. No. 2301/4 A Patent..unto Mr. Joseph Mason, for his new invented Engine, which saves all Weavers the Trouble..of a Draft-boy.

† draught-breadths n. Obsolete (plural) ? the traces of a vehicle.

ΚΠ

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice v. 52 The draught breadthes or Coach treates, which extend from the breast of the horse to the bridge tree of the Coach.

† draught-chamber n. Obsolete a chamber to withdraw or retire to, a private room.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > private or inner room > drawing room

withdrawing-chamber1392

drawing chamber1410

draught-chamber?1454

withdraught1481

withdrawing-room1611

drawing room1635

lounge1938

?1454 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 253 I haue take the mesure in the draute chamer þer as ye wold your coforys and your cowntewery shuld be sette.

1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 22 The chambyr abovyn the kechene, with the drawgth chambyr longyng therto, with the esement of the prevy longgyng thereto.

draught-compasses n. (plural) (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Draught-Compasses, a sort of Compasses with several moveable Points, to make fine Draughts of Maps, Charts..etc.

draught-dog n. = draught-hound n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > that hunts by scent

brachc1400

brachetc1400

draught-hound1598

draught-dog1656

line-hunter1851

drag-hound1884

bratchet-

1656–7 in 7th Rep. Hist. MSS. Com. App. 575/2 A couple of whelps of the blood-hound strain to make draught-dogs.

draught-engine n. the engine over the shaft of a coal-pit or mine.

ΚΠ

1884 Symons Geol. Cornwall 196 To increase the efficiency of the draught engine and to reduce the cost of fuel.

draught-excluder n. a device for excluding draughts.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > for excluding draughts

draught-excluder1859

draught-screen1907

1859 G. Measom Illustr. Guide Lancs. & Carlisle Railways 118 (advt.) Draft excluders.

1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 15 Sept. 187 Patent Draught Excluder. This simple invention consists of a roller covered with plushette, which revolves between two brass brackets when the door is opened or closed.

1909 Lady's Realm July 271/2 A most effectual draught excluder.

draught-hole n. a hole by which air is admitted to a furnace.

ΚΠ

1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 99 Above the sole of the furnace are three rows of draught holes.

draught-hook n. (see quots.).

ΚΠ

1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Draught Hooks.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Large hooks of iron fixed on the cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side..called the fore and hind Draught-hooks..Used for drawing a gun backwards or forwards by men with strong ropes, called Draught-ropes.

1853 Catal. Royal Agric. Soc. Show 2 A neck collar for..Farm Harness..has the draft-hook attached, and requires no hames.

† draught-hound n. Obsolete a hound used for tracking people or animals by the scent [see draw v. 51 ].

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > that hunts by scent

brachc1400

brachetc1400

draught-hound1598

draught-dog1656

line-hunter1851

drag-hound1884

bratchet-

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Bracco, a beagle, a hound, a spaniell, a blood hound, a draught hound.

1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 211 Having their Harbinger, Blood-hound or Draught-hound in Readiness, they begin the Chace.

† draught-house n. Obsolete a privy (= sense 46).

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun]

gongOE

privy?c1225

room-housec1275

chamber foreignc1300

wardrobea1325

privy chamberc1325

foreignc1390

siegec1400

stool1410

jakes1432

house of easementa1438

kocayc1440

siege-hole1440

siege-house1440

privy house1463

withdraught1493

draught1530

shield1535

bench-hole1542

common house1542

stool1542

jakes house1547

boggard1552

house of office?1560

purging place1577

little house1579

issue1588

Ajax1596

draught-house1597

private1600

necessary house1612

vault1617

longhouse1622

latrine1623

necessary1633

commonsa1641

gingerbread officea1643

boghouse1644

cloaca1645

passage-house1646

retreat1653

shithouse1659

closet of ease1662

garderobe1680

backside1704

office1727

bog?1731

house of ease1734

cuz-john1735

easing-chair1771

backhouse1800

outhouse1819

netty1825

petty1848

seat of ease1850

closet1869

bathroom1883

crapper1927

lat1927

shouse1941

biffy1942

shitholec1947

toot1965

shitter1967

woodshed1974

1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas v. 69 They had..a goddesse for their draught-houses.

1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings x. 27 They..brake downe the house of Baal, and made it a draught-house [ Coverd. prevy house] .

1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic I. 18 So thou mayest enter the draught-house.

draught-line n. a line on a ship marking the depth of water she draws.

ΚΠ

1893 Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 85 §3 The lower line of such..figures to coincide with the draught line denoted thereby.

draught-net n. a net that is drawn for fish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net

dray-netc1000

pullc1303

draw-net1386

dredge1471

drag1481

dragneta1542

train1576

tug-net1584

trainel1585

draught-net1630

trawl-net1697

trail1711

trawl1759

trail-net1820

pole trawl1836

train net1864

otter trawlc1870

turn-net1883

pair trawl1967

1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium vi. 54 With my Draughtnet then, I sweepe the streaming Flood.

1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 71 §14 Any person who shall shoot or work any seine or draft net for salmon.

draught-proof adj. fitted so as to be proof against draughts.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific

watertight1489

wind-tight1507

wind and water tighta1550

weatherproof1647

weather-tight1648

wind-fast1648

airtight1728

steam-tight1765

waterproofed1813

gas-tight1819

acid-proof1844

gas-proof1846

oil-tight1847

mudproof1897

pressure-tight1899

draught-proof1908

weather-stripped1908

spill-proof1920

vacuum-tight1927

splash-proof1929

vapour-proof1946

1908 Westm. Gaz. 17 Nov. 4/2 When closed it is entirely draught-proof.

1929 Evening News 18 Nov. 5/1 It seats a pilot and two passengers in an enclosed draught-proof cabin.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 12 Jan. 107/3 Use a draught-proof surround for the first 4–5 days.

draught-proof v. (transitive) .

ΚΠ

1960 House & Garden Oct. 119/1 Sound draught-proofed doors and windows.

1965 E. Gundrey Foot in Door xii. 90 Three burly men called on an old lady and offered to draughtproof doors.

draught-screen n. a screen for keeping off draughts.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > for excluding draughts

draught-excluder1859

draught-screen1907

1907 N. Munro Daft Days xv. 129 She got him in behind the draft-screen on the landing of the stair.

1922 F. Niven Justice of Peace x Behind the draught-screen was the sound of soap-lather and water.

1968 Listener 20 June 798/3 He had a wooden draughtscreen..and that was elaborately painted.

draught-scroll n. a scroll for regulating the draught of the roving on a spinning-mule.

ΚΠ

1894 C. Vickerman Woollen Spinning 233 The form of the draft-scroll has to be varied in diameter at different points to suit the twine at different portions of the draft.

draught-spring n. a spring inserted between the tug or trace of a draught-animal and the car, wagon, or other load, so as to relieve the strain at starting, etc.

draught-table n. a table on which the game of draughts is played.

ΚΠ

1756 W. Payne Introd. Game of Draughts Introd. sig. B1 The Draught Table must be placed with an upper White Corner towards the Right Hand.

draught-tube n. (see draft tube n. at draft n. Compounds 4).

† draught-vice n. Obsolete some machine or vehicle for drawing a load.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > other vehicles according to specific use > [noun] > for drawing a load

draught-vice1609

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvii. iv. 84 [The Egyptian Obelisk]..beeing layed upon certaine draught-vices and engines..was..brought into the Circus Maximus.

draught-way n. a way along which something is drawn; a passage for a draught or current of air.

ΚΠ

1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. i. 17 Along this line, hence called the Diolcus, or Draughtway, vessels were often transported from sea to sea.

1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 257/2 The metal being kept perfectly cool by the increased draughtway.

† draught-well n. Obsolete a draw-well.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well

water piteOE

wellOE

pitOE

pulkc1300

draw-wellc1410

draught-wellc1440

winchc1440

brine-well1594

salt spring1601

sump1680

pump well1699

spout-well1710

sump hole1754

pit-well1756

sink1804

bucket-well1813

artesian well1829

shallow well1877

dip-well1894

garland-well1897

village pump1925

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 131/1 Drawte welle, haurium.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	draught
释义	draughtn. Brit. /drɑːft/, /draft/, U.S. /dræft/ Forms: α. Middle English draht, draȝt, Middle English– draught; (Middle English draȝþe, drauht, Middle English drauȝt(e, Middle English–1500s draght(e, draughte, drawght(e, drawt(e, ScottishMiddle English drawcht, 1500s draucht). β. 1500s drafte, (1600s drauft), 1500s– draft. Etymology: Early Middle English draht (probably in Old English, though not recorded), corresponding to Middle Dutch, Dutch dragt , ? Old High German, Middle High German traht , German Tracht , Icelandic dráttr ( < drahtr ), verbal abstract from Common Germanic dragan* to draw . The guttural sound of gh , ch , is retained in Scots; in late Middle English the word was sometimes drawt , whence the frequent /drɔːt/ 16–18th cent. rhymes, but more usually the gh passed in pronunciation, through wh , into f , whence the spelling draft n. now established in some senses, in which the connection with draw is less obvious. All the senses in which draught is still the accepted or approved spelling are treated here; only those in which draft is established appear under that word. Many groups of senses have been derived independently from the verb, so that a satisfactory logical order is almost impossible. In sense 21 after French trait (see trait n.). With sense 25 compare French trait (see trait n.). I. Senses relating to the action of pulling or drawing. 1. a. The action, or an act, of drawing or pulling, esp. of a vehicle, plough, etc.; pull, traction. beast of draught: a horse or other animal used for drawing a cart, plough, etc. Also β. rarely draft. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling drawingc1300 draughta1398 pullinga1425 draggingc1440 halingc1440 lugging?a1500 attraction1578 toilingc1600 trainage1611 hale1615 traction1615 hauling1626 trail1674 tracting1780 haulage1826 pull1833 drawal1936 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. cxv. 1264 Þe worme crepeth nouȝt nouþer glideþ as serpentes doþ but he draweþ his body..wiþ many dyuers draughtes. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 131/1 Drawte, or pulle, tractus. a1500 (a1460) Towneley Plays (1994) I. xxiii. 293 Pull, pull!.. Yit a draght! ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. ix^v The harowe..goth by twitches and nat alway after one draght. 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia iii. ii. 292 That bogs nor rocks, should forbid the draught of the Cannon. 1707 J. Mortimer Whole Art Husbandry 38 I shall give preference to the Hertfordshire Wheel-Plough as one of the best..and of the easiest Draught. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. (1778) II. vii. 318 The Llama, which was never used for draught. 1873 A. Helps Some Talk about Animals & their Masters i. 8 Beasts of draught and of burden. β. 1801 Trans. Soc. Arts 19 295 (This Crane) having a two-fold principle..making a perpendicular draft, and discharging the load at the same time. †b. Drawing of breath. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > respiratory organs > breathing > inhalation > [noun] inbreathing1382 draught1490 attraction1528 inspiring1528 inspiration1564 inhalation1623 inhaling1820 insufflation1823 inhalement1840 inhaustion1854 inbreath1921 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxii. 82 [ iv. 463] This byrde..syngyng of fyne manere in grete draughtes and of a longe brethe his right sorowfull songe. c. Drawing motion or action. ΚΠ 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 401 Chaff-cutter..the shaft..being within the range of the long-way of the mouth~piece, gives the knives about 24 times the usual amount of draught, and causes them to cut, instead of chopping. 2. That which is drawn. †a. A load. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > travel > transport > [noun] > of loads > a load ladec897 seamc950 lastOE burdena1000 charge?c1225 load?c1225 burnc1375 draughta1400 summerc1400 portage1445 pauchlea1450 fraughtc1450 freightc1503 loadinga1513 carriage1597 ballast1620 cargo1657 porterage1666 freightage1823 smalls1846 journey1859 send-off1909 payload1914 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 21266 Four ar þai tald, þe wangelistes, þat draues þe wain þat es cristes, O þaim i sal tell..Quat þai bitaken, and quat þair draght. 14.. MS Douce 291 lf. 7 (Halliw.) The whiche..bere and drawe draghtes and berthennes. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) x. l. 916 Dicson suld tak..his hors..a drawcht off wod to leid. b. A quantity drawn: used as a specific measure of something drawn, extracted, or taken up. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > [noun] > a definite or specified quantity or amount > specific quantities or amounts > quantity scooped, thrown, lifted, etc. lifta1400 casta1475 draught1740 pouring1768 draw1830 scoop1832 pour1899 1740 W. Pardon Dyche's New Gen. Eng. Dict. (ed. 3) (at cited word) Draught [confused with entry for Draught Hook],..in Trade, it is so much goods as are carried upon one carriage at a time. 1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Draught..sixty-one pounds weight of wool. 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 129 Draught (S. Staff.), the quantity of coal raised to bank in a given time. 1893 Labour Commission Gloss. (at cited word) In the salt industry, a draught is the quantity of salt taken out of a pan each time the pan is cleared; sometimes..this drawing takes place once or twice a day. †3. A drawbridge. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > moat > [noun] > draw-bridge bridgec1275 tu-brugge1297 draught-bridgec1330 draughtc1400 drawbridgec1400 flying bridge1489 pont-levis1489 trap-bridge1585 drawing bridge1591 sluice1642 pont tornerec1650 society > travel > means of travel > route or way > other means of passage or access > [noun] > bridge > lifting-bridge > draw-bridge bridgec1275 tu-brugge1297 draught-bridgec1330 draughtc1400 drawbridgec1400 flying bridge1489 pont-levis1489 trap-bridge1585 drawing bridge1591 sluice1642 c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 817 Þay let doun þe grete draȝt. c1440 Partonope 1636 The porter lete the draught down falle. 4. Something used in drawing or pulling, as harness for horses to draw with: see quots. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > general equipment > [noun] > harness of draught animal harness1303 plough harnessc1390 geara1400 draught1483 van harness1823 trave harness1839 yoking1873 hitch1876 trace-harness1885 the world > movement > impelling or driving > pushing and pulling > [noun] > pulling > thing used in pulling drag1483 draught1483 1483 Wardr. Acc. Edw. IV in Antiq. Rep. (1807) I. 43 The chiefe chare of the Quene..with v. paire of draughts. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Drawghte to drawe vp water after the sorte of a gybet with a paile at the one ende. 1706 in Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) 1762 A. Dickson Treat. Agric. ii. v. 157 That part of the shoulders of the horses, to which the draught is fixed. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 395 Set of box whipple-trees, or two-horse draughts. 5. A team of horses or other beasts of draught, together with that which they draw. Now only dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > domestic animal > [noun] > work animals > draught animal > team of teamOE yokeOE draught?1523 teamware1567 plough team1726 work team1809 span1812 farm team1818 spike-team1848 ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xiiii An husbande can nat conuenyently plowe his lande and lode out his donge bothe vpon a day with on draught of beestes. 1644 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) II. 649 The officers and souldiers shall be accomodate with draughts in their march. 1774 Beverley & Hessle Road Act ii. 15 Any person..keeping a team or teams, draught or draughts. 1891 J. C. Atkinson Forty Years Moorland Parish 39 A stone waggon with a team,—a ‘draught’ we call it in our North Yorkshire Vernacular—of no less than 20 horses and oxen attached to it. II. Figurative uses. 6. figurative. Drawing, attraction; tendency, inclination, impulse. archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > attractiveness > [noun] > attractive quality or feature > drawing draughta1300 traction1649 the mind > will > wish or inclination > [noun] willeOE hearteOE i-willc888 self-willeOE intent?c1225 device1303 couragec1320 talentc1325 greec1330 voluntyc1330 fantasyc1374 likinga1375 disposingc1380 pleasancea1382 affectionc1390 wish1390 disposition1393 affecta1398 likea1400 lista1400 pleasingc1400 emplesance1424 pleasurec1425 well-willingc1443 notiona1450 mindc1450 fancy1465 empleseur1473 hest?a1513 plighta1535 inclination1541 cue1567 month's mind1580 disposedness1583 leaning1587 humour1595 wouldings1613 beneplacit1643 wouldingness1645 vergency1649 bene-placiture1662 good liking1690 draught1758 tida1774 inkling1787 a1300 Body & Soul 85 (Mätz.) To sunne and schame [it] was thi drauȝt. 1432 Paston Lett. No. 18 I. 31 For the goode reule..of the Kynges persone, and draught of him to vertue and connyng. 1758 W. Rickitt Jrnl. 73 I felt a draught to visit New England. 1829 T. Carlyle tr. ‘Novalis’ in Foreign Rev. Dec. 123 A draught towards the Deep, a commencing giddiness. β. †also draft.1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene iv. ii. sig. B4 He..By his false allurements wylie draft, Had thousand women of their loue beraft. View more context for this quotationa1775 J. Churchman Life (1780) 37 I felt a secret gentle draft to visit to meetings in the back parts of Chester. III. Senses relating to the drawing of a net. 7. a. The act of drawing a net for fish, or (quot. c1275) for birds. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > [noun] > snaring or netting draughtc1275 trammelling1588 tunnelling1687 bird-snaring1899 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 14602 Sparewen þerto liht. and he a þan uorme drahte swiðe monie he ilahte. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke v. f. lxxx^v Let slippe thy nett to make a draught. a1676 M. Hale Primitive Originat. Mankind (1677) ii. ix. 208 Upon the draught of his Pond, not one Fish was left. a1711 T. Ken Hymns for Festivals in Wks. (1721) I. 362 Full three Thousand..At but one Draught he caught. 1823 J. F. Cooper Pioneers II. iv. 54 Even the ladies had become eager to witness the draught of the seine. b. A place where a net is wont to be drawn. (Also draft.) ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > fishing with net > place where nets drawn draught1895 1895 Daily News 4 Feb. 8/5 Severn Salmon Fishing..the netting operations were greatly interfered with by masses of ice..and several favourite drafts were quite frozen over. 8. The quantity of fish taken in one drawing of the net; a take. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fish to be caught or as catch > [noun] > catch of fish draughta1387 waithing1488 hale1572 tack1596 take1626 catch1792 haul1854 taking1855 fare1884 strike1887 voyage1897 shack1904 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 67 Som fischeres solde a drauȝte of fische wiþ þe nettis. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Luke v. f. lxxxj He was vtterly astonyed..att the draught off fisshe which they toke. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie 241 This was a great draught in so short a time, and such as Saint Peter himselfe never made the like in all his life. 1833 H. Martineau Cinnamon & Pearls i. 13 To secure a good draught of fish. β. rarely draft.1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 285 It has the whole draft of fishes in its drag-net. View more context for this quotation 9. A measure of weight of eels, equal to 20 lbs. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > unit or denomination of weight > units for other specific commodities mount1532 pint1599 stand1675 stand1729 mark1731 draught1859 tex1953 1859 G. A. Sala Twice round Clock (1861) 18 Eels are sold by the ‘draft’ of twenty pounds weight. 1891 Times 28 Sept. 4/2 Live eels, 20s. per draught; dead eels, 14s. per draught. IV. Senses relating to the drawing of a bow. †10. The drawing of a bow; a bowshot; also, the distance which a bow can shoot. See also bow-draught n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement of length > [noun] > units of length or distance > distance covered by a bow-shot draughtc1330 arrow shotc1487 start1820 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > use of bow and arrow > [noun] > action of drawing bow draughtc1330 c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 862 Wyþ þat schote his ffader he slow; Al vnwylland þat draught he drow. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xxv. 118 Þe ferthe commez behind him, as it ware ane arow draght. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1224 Lamydon..with-drogh hym A draght. 1581 T. Styward Pathwaie to Martiall Discipline i. 44 That euerie man haue a good and meete Bowe according to his draught and strength. 1614 W. Camden Remaines (rev. ed.) 181 Geffray..at one draught of his bowe..broched three feetlesse birds called Allerions. †11. The drawing or sweep of a weapon; a stroke, a blow. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > cut of sharp weapon > [noun] > stroke with sharp weapon draughtc1320 chop1362 reverse1490 slash1576 riverso1595 cuta1616 c1320 Sir Beues (MS. A) 868 Sum kniȝt Beues so ofrauȝte Þe heued of at þe ferste drauȝte. a1400 Octouian 1666 No man ne myghte with strengthe asytte Hys swordes draught. c1460 J. Russell Bk. Nurture 388 xij. draughtes with þe egge of þe knyfe þe venison crossande. 14.. Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 109 Sche..smitith þe grounde with hir heed wiþ a meruaylous draughte. 12. The drawing of a saw through a block of wood or stone; hence a measure of sawyers' work. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > [noun] > wooden structures or wooden parts of > sawyers' work draught1404 hundred-work1703 1404 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 205 (note) In sarracione xv draghtez..11d. c1520 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1888) III. 205 Johanni Henryson sawying waynscottes..xxxij dragttes, 1d. j draghth, 16d. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 175 Scaleboards, from Germany, are packed in Bundles, weighing 50 at each Draught. 1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. vi. 100 He was cutting it [a block of Sandstone] by three draughts, parallel to its largest plane, into four slabs. 13. = cloff n. (Now usually draft n. 1.) ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > measurement > measurement by weighing > [noun] > amount determined by weighing > deduction to give net weight > other allowances cloffc1503 tretc1503 draughta1513 draft1757 taring1882 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxviii^v Before tyme y^e Weyer vsyd to lene his draught towarde the Marchaundyse, soo that the byar hadde...x. or .xii.li. in a Draughte to his aduauntage. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Draught..in Trade, an Allowance made in the weighing of Commodities. See Clough. V. Senses relating to the imbibing of liquid. 14. a. The drawing of liquid into the mouth or down the throat; an act of drinking, a drink; the quantity of drink swallowed at one ‘pull’. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > [noun] > a drink or draught shenchc950 drinkc1000 draughtc1200 beveragec1390 napa1450 potation1479–81 potionc1484 slaker?1518 glut1541 pocill1572 adipson1601 go-down1614 slash1614 gulf1674 libation1751 meridian1771 sinda1774 sling1788 mahogany1791 a shove in the mouth1821 nooner1836 quencher1841 refresh1851 slackener1861 squencher1871 refreshener1888 refresher1922 maiden's blush1941 maiden's water1975 the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > [noun] drinkc888 draughtc1200 drinkingc1200 wetting1340 beveragec1390 receipta1393 bever1499 potation1509 quaff1579 watering1598 wipe1600 sorbition1623 imbibation1826 imbibition1844 bibition1853 c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 199 [Þe neddre] cumeð to sum welle and drinkeð a draht swo michel þat heo chineð. 1377 W. Langland Piers Plowman B. xx. 222 To drynke a drauȝte [C. xxiii. 223 drawt] of good ale. c1440 York Myst. xxxvi. 240 A draughte here of drinke haue I dreste. 1555 R. Eden Disc. Vyage rounde Worlde in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 220 One of these..drunke a bowle of water at a draught. 1636 P. Massinger Great Duke of Florence ii. ii. sig. D3^v Let us take then Our morning draught. 1687 T. Shadwell tr. Juvenal Tenth Satyr Sat. x. 37 No Poyson is in Earthen Vessels brought; In Gold adorn'd with Gemms beware each draught. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. viii. 158 Giscon drank the inflam'd potion at one draught. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. I. 196 It forms a pleasant effervescing draught. β. rarely draft.1583 C. Hollyband Campo di Fior 199 Empty thy cuppe..there is but a litle draft left.1660 S. Pepys Diary 27 Feb. (1970) I. 70 They brought me a draught of their drink in a brown bowl. †b. A fanciful name for a ‘company’ of butlers. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > personal or domestic servant > domestic servant > [noun] > butler > a company of draught1486 1486 Bk. St. Albans F vj b A Draught of boteleris. 15. A dose of liquid medicine; a potion.black draught: see first element. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > medicinal potion or draught > [noun] drenchc1000 drink1362 supping medicinea1400 poisonc1400 potionc1400 potationa1475 draught1631 potent1902 1631 Bp. J. Hall Occas. Medit. (ed. 2) (2nd state) §cxxxix How loathsome a draught is this? 1700 J. Dryden To my Kinsman J. Driden in Fables 97 Better to hunt in Fields, for Health unbought, Than fee the Doctor for a nauseous Draught. 1762 Gentleman's Mag. Nov. 545/1 She spreads the couch, prepares the healing draught [rhyme unbought]. 1791 A. Radcliffe Romance of Forest II. xii. 197 I have ordered him a composing draught. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth iii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 103 The incipient effects of the soporific draught. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess ii. 35 To smoothe my pillow, mix the foaming draught Of fever. 16. Drawing of smoke or vapour into the mouth, inhaling; that which is inhaled at one breath. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > [noun] > a smoke or inhalation whiff1600 quiff1617 draught1621 puffing1675 draw1823 shoch1831 pull1841 blow1855 reek1876 drag1914 inhale1934 1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco (1650) 402 To take 4 or 5 draughts of this fume. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 9 The common Prison..Where I a Prisoner chain'd, scarce freely draw The air imprison'd also, close and damp, Unwholsom draught . View more context for this quotation 1834 F. Marryat Jacob Faithful I. i. 4 There is no composing draught like the draught through the tube of a pipe. 17. figurative. The ‘drinking in’ of something by the mind or soul; a portion of something, pleasurable or painful, ‘drunk’, partaken of, or experienced. (Cf. drink v.¹; also cup n. 9.) ΚΠ 1564 T. Becon New Catech. in Catech. & Other Pieces (1844) 295 Take him with the hand of thy heart, and chiefly drink him with the draught of thy inward man. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 72. ⁋1 Make the draught of life sweet or bitter. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. ix. 186 Quaffing deep draughts of love. 1878 ‘G. Eliot’ College Breakfast Party in Macmillan's Mag. July 169 Ecstatic whirl And draught intense of passionate joy and pain. VI. Senses relating to extending or stretching. 18. The action of drawing out to a greater length, extension, stretching; concrete that which is drawn out or spun, a thread. spec. in Cotton-spinning, etc. the ‘drawing’ or elongation of the slivers by passing them between pairs of rollers revolving at different speeds. (See draw v. 41f.) ΘΚΠ the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [noun] > making long or longer > drawing out to greater length draughtc1400 β. sometimes draft. c1400 Test. Love iii. (R.) The euen drauht of the wyer drawer, maketh the wyer to ben euen. 1577 W. Harrison Descr. Scotl. i. 1/2 (margin) in R. Holinshed Chron. I The wool..is..spoune so fine that it is in manner comparable to the spyders draught. 1719 R. Steele Spinster 346 Flowered silk and worsted tammy draughts. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 975 The drawing operation, or draught, is..repeated in all the subsequent processes. 1877–81 W. C. Bramwell Wool-carder 44 What stands for ‘top’ in wool manufacture is called first drafts in silk-combing. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 274/1 One yard of lap is drawn out to one hundred yards of sliver. This draught may be increased or diminished. VII. Senses relating to the displacement of water. 19. Nautical. [See draw v. 29] The action of ‘drawing’ or displacing (so much) water; the depth of water which a vessel draws, or requires to float her. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessel with reference to qualities or attributes > [noun] > attributes of vessel > depth to which vessel sinks draughta1616 a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) v. i. 51 A bawbling Vessell was he Captaine of, For shallow draught and bulke vnprizable. View more context for this quotation 1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. xi. 54 Her water draught is so many foot as she goes in the water. 1751 Act 24 Geo. II c. 8 §2 Orders..touching the sizes and Draughts of all Boats, Barges and other Vessels. 1862 M. Hopkins Hawaii 10 For shipping of less draught, pilots are in attendance. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 85 §3 A scale of feet denoting her draught of water shall be marked on each side of her stem. figurative.1882 J. C. Morison Macaulay 27 There was a defect of deep sensibility in Macaulay—a want of moral draught and earnestness.β. sometimes draft.1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 509 They then begin a..march, the regularity of whose step is essential to the draft of the vessel.1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 115 Her draft of water..was 16 feet 7 inches aft.1860 Mercantile Marine Mag. 7 122 The Channel..is the least dangerous for a steamer of draft. VIII. Senses relating to moving along a course. †20. a. The action of moving along (cf. draw v. 46); course, going, way. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [noun] runeeOE coursec1290 draughta1325 careerc1534 addression1602 tendence1644 tendency1654 ducturea1674 traduction1675 headinga1855 a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3745 A-gen he maden here dragt, Al-so ðat skie haued tagt. c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. Wace (Rolls) 479 Out of Grece þer cam a bole; To Paris bestes was his draught, And wiþ Parys bole he faught. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xviii. i They loued to gyder more hotter than they did to fore hand, and had suche preuy draughtes to gyder that many in the Courte spak of hit. †b. figurative. Course, way of going on. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > occurrence > [noun] > course of events draughta1327 occasiona1450 events1582 subcycle1860 scenario1962 a1327 Pol. Songs (Camden) 153 Uch a strumpet that ther is such drahtes wl drawe. a1400 Sir Perc. 2160 Thus es the lady so wo, And this is the draghte! †21. A ‘move’ at chess or any similar game. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > [noun] > move draughtc1369 move1656 movement1734 c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 653 At the chesse with me she gan to pley, With hir fals draughtes dyvers She staale on me. ?1370 Robt. Cicyle (Halliw.) 54 With a draght he was chekmate. 1412 T. Hoccleve De Regimine Principum (Roxb.) 76. 1474 W. Caxton tr. Game & Playe of Chesse (1883) iv. i. 157 (heading) The progression and draughtes of the forsayd playe of the chesse. 1594 R. Carew tr. J. Huarte Exam. Mens Wits viii. 112 He..makes ten or twelue faire draughts one after another on the Chesse-boord. 1656 F. Beale tr. G. Greco Royall Game Chesse-play 3 The draught of a Pawne is only one house at a time. 22. a. plural. A game played by two persons on a board of the same kind as that used in chess, which game it somewhat resembles, though of much simpler character, all the pieces or ‘men’ being of equal value and moving alike diagonally. (In U.S. called checkers, in Scotl. dambrod.) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] jeu de damesc1380 draughtsc1540 dam1580 checker1712 chequers1838 society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > other board games > [noun] > others quek1376 quek-board1477 draughtsc1540 goose1597 mancala1687 pachisi1801 Chinese chequers1840 go1840 shogi1858 wari1866 wei ch'i1871 gobang1875 crokinole1885 Kono1895 salta1901 Snakes and Ladders1907 pegity1925 oware1929 monopoly1934 Scrabble1950 morabaraba1953 Chutes and Ladders1955 pentominos1975 Trivial Pursuit1982 c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 1622 The draghtes, the dyse, and oþer dregh gaumes. a1602 W. Perkins Cases of Consc. (1619) 346 The games of chesse, and draughts. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1756 I. 174 The game of draughts..is peculiarly calculated to fix the attention without straining it. ?1870 F. Hardy & J. R. Ware Mod. Hoyle 105 Draughts is entirely a game of mathematical calculation. 1875 B. Jowett tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 391 These pastimes are not so very unlike a game of draughts. β. rarely drafts.1726 B. Franklin Jrnl. in Wks. (1887) I. App. 116 I tire myself with playing at drafts.1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe II. 405 The evening was passed in a variety of amusements. Some were occupied at drafts.1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 308 They play at what we call Polish drafts. b. One of the pieces used in this game: = draughtsman n. 4 (Usually in plural) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] > piece checker1864 draughtman1864 checker-man1883 draught1894 draughtsman1894 1894 ‘Chequerist’ How to play Draughts Well 14 The Draughts must be so turned that one man will stand on another for ‘crowning’. IX. Senses relating to a flow of water. 23. a. A current, stream, flow. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > [noun] > river floodc825 streamc875 eaeOE water streamOE flumec1175 fleamc1300 riverc1300 currentc1380 reea1500 ford1563 fluent1598 draught1601 nymph1605 amnic1623 flux1637 nullah1656 R1692 currency1758 silent highway1841 the world > the earth > water > flow or flowing > current > [noun] currentc1380 veina1500 ford1563 tide1585 vein1600 draught1601 currency1758 stream-currenta1830 palaeocurrent1955 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 7 Whiles she [the moon] is turned away, all the draught of light, she casteth thither backe againe, from whence she receiued it. 1684 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 14 564 There is a vast draught of water poured continually out of the Atlantick into the Mediteranean. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 102. ⁋12 The draught of the gulph was generally too strong to be overcome. 1819 J. Wilson Compl. Dict. Astrol. 161 The..sympathy which causes..the mother to feel the draught flow into her breasts some seconds before the child awakes. 1822 J. Flint Lett. from Amer. 75 On approaching rapids, I was usually in the very draught of them, before I could discern the proper channel. 1883 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Draught..in the breast of a nursing woman. b. A stream course, a ravine (?). (Also draft) ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > stream > [noun] > watercourse or channel runeOE sitchOE pipeOE sichetc1133 guttera1300 siket1300 sikec1330 watergate1368 gole?a1400 gotea1400 flout14.. aa1430 trough1513 guta1552 race1570 lode1572 canala1576 ditch1589 trink1592 leam1601 dike1616 runlet1630 stell1651 nullah1656 course1665 drain1700 lade1706 droke1772 regimen1797 draught1807 adit1808 sluit1818 thalweg1831 runway1874 1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 101 Having found a tolerable good road except where some draughts crossed it. 1807 P. Gass Jrnls. 231 But the snow was not so deep in the drafts between them. c. Hydraulics. The area of an opening for a flow of water: see quot. 1874 (Also draft.) ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft..8, The combined sectional area of the openings in a turbine water-wheel; or the area of opening of the sluice-gate of a fore-bay. 24. a. A current of air, esp. in a confined space, as a room or a chimney. Phr. to feel the draught: see feel v. Phrases 12. natural draught: the current of air that passes through the fire in a steam boiler, etc. without mechanical aid, as distinguished from blast draught, forced draught, that artificially increased either by rarifying the air above the fire or by compressing it below the same. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > gas > air > moving air > [noun] > a movement of air > a current of air windc1000 air-current1600 streama1722 draughta1774 air draught1786 waft1863 airstream1869 a1774 A. Tucker Light of Nature Pursued (1777) III. iii. 397 We feel and hear the draught of air, and see the commotions it raises among the trees. 1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 315 The height of the chimney has an important effect on the draught of a wind-furnace. 1844 C. Dickens Let. 22 July (1977) IV. 162 A sore throat; from sitting in constant draughts. 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Blast draught..Forced draught..Natural draught. 1896 Times (Weekly ed.) 18 Sept. 641/3 The steam trials of the Victorious, battleship, have proved remarkably successful, the contract speed for natural and forced draught having been exceeded. β. sometimes draft.1815 J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art I. 246 The nearer the throat [of the chimney] is brought to the fire, the stronger the draft will be.1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xxvii. 207 The drafts from the doors and from the windows.1873 H. W. Longfellow Interlude in Aftermath i. 36 That draft of cold, Unpleasant night air. b. An appliance for creating a draught in a fireplace; a blower. (Also draft.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > devices to provide or adjust draught fan1530 register plate1715 register1744 damper1788 Shadrach1827 draught1870 phukni1959 1870 A. D. T. Whitney We Girls vi. 103 The draughts [in some later eds. drafts] were put on, and in five minutes the coals were red. X. Senses relating to artistic delineation. †25. The drawing of a brush, pen, pencil, or the like, across a surface, so as to make a line or mark; the mark so made; a stroke. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > [noun] > stroke of pen or brush draughtc1305 hand1567 trait1589 hair-stroke1634 masterstroke1679 stroke1815 slick1881 c1305 Edmund Conf. 224 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 77 Arsmetrike is a lore..of figours..And of drauȝtes as me draweþ in poudre. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 3624 Besseleel And eliab, he maden wel Ðe tabernacle..Goten and grauen wið witter dragt. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness l. 1557 Þer watz neuer on so wyse couþe on worde rede..What tyþyng ne tale tokened þo draȝtes. 1548 W. Thomas Ital. Gram. & Dict. (1567) Lineamenti, strikes or draughtes of a figure. 1570 H. Billingsley tr. Euclid Elements Geom. i. f. 1^v A right line is the shortest extension or draught..from one poynt to an other. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 119 It is time to draw the last draught of the pensill vpon the face. 1662 E. Stillingfleet Origines Sacræ i. i. §19 How to express all kind of sounds, with the several draughts of a pen. †26. Drawing of figures; delineation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] tracingc1440 drawing1467 draught1551 protracture1551 delineation1570 proposition1584 delineating1603 protracting1661 iconography1678 graphic design1956 1551 R. Record Pathway to Knowl. i. xvii For the manner of their draught wil declare, how many paires of parallels they shall neede. 1622 H. Peacham Compl. Gentleman xii. 107 For your first beginning..in draught, make your hand..ready..in those generall figures of the Circle, ovall, square, &c. 1706 B. Buckeridge Ess. Eng. School in J. Savage tr. R. de Piles Art of Painting 402 Had his Colouring and Pencilling been as good as his Draught. a1734 R. North Lives of Norths (1826) II. 211 Painters, and such as practise draught. †27. a. That which is drawn or delineated; a representation (of an object) by lines drawn on the surface of paper, etc.; a drawing, picture, sketch. Obsolete in general sense. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > painting and drawing > drawing > [noun] > a drawing draughta1400 protract1585 drawing1669 trace1744 a1400–50 Alexander 280 In þis oþir draȝt ware deuysid a dusan of bestis. 1584 G. Peele Araygnem. Paris i. iii. sig. Aiiij A deintie draught to lay her [sc. Venus] downe in blue. 1667 H. Oldenburg in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 2 420 Sufficiently skilled..to make a Draught of the Place. 1759 B. Martin Nat. Hist. Eng. II. 109 The Draught of an old Saxon Coin. 1761 S. Johnson Life Ascham in R. Ascham Eng. Wks. p. iv He..embellished [his pages] with elegant draughts and illuminations. β. rarely draft.1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iv. xxv. 141 Lively drafts of a woman of estate of Græcia, of a Turky woman of meane estate [etc.].1658 J. Rowland tr. T. Moffett Theater of Insects in Topsell's Hist. Four-footed Beasts (rev. ed.) 930 This sort Pennius referreth to the species of the Wasp, and so he describeth it in his drafts.1796 J. G. Stedman Narr. Exped. Surinam I. i. 15 I took a draft of the unhappy sufferer. †b. Representation in sculpture; a sculptured figure. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > plastic art > sculpture or carving > [noun] > a sculpture or carving graving1382 carvingc1384 similitudea1450 piece1579 insculpturea1616 sculpture1616 draught1646 cut1658 cutting1787 sculpc1845 mushroom stone1957 1646 J. Cleveland King's Disguise 88 Porches wrought With Sphynxes, Creatures of an Antique draught. 1658 Sir T. Browne Garden of Cyrus ii, in Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall 105 The sculpture draughts of the larger Pyramids of Ægypt. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Trav. Persia 246 An old Tower built of Free-stone, of which you see the Draught in the Sculpture. 28. a. spec. An outline, sketch, or design, preparatory to a completed work of art. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > preparatory to a completer work of art plot1548 draught1574 1574 J. Baret Aluearie D 1025 The first ordinance or first draughts or drawings which are done with a cole, adumbratio. 1579 W. Fulke Heskins Parl. Repealed in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 58 The lambe [is] a shadowing figure, like the first draught of a painter. 1710 Ld. Shaftesbury Soliloquy 54 Poetry..resembles the Statuary's and the Painter's [art]..in this more particularly, that it has its original Draughts and Models for Study and Practice. 1771 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. (1876) iv. 359 A composition of the various draughts which he had previously made from various beautiful scenes and prospects. 1847 R. W. Emerson Poems 177 Why need I galleries, when a pupil's draught..fills and o'erfills My apprehension? b. figurative. Image, representation; something devised or designed like a work of art; slight or preliminary sketch or outline. ΚΠ 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) i. v. 12 This way of seeking God..that is, to follow these first draughts which..doe as in a shadow set forth a lively image of him. 1676 J. Dryden Aureng-Zebe v. 67 My Elder Brothers..Rough-draughts of Nature, ill design'd, and lame. 1796 J. Owen Trav. Europe II. 99 The Bay of Naples and its environs form a draught of higher and more finished scenery, than I have yet seen. β. rarely draft.1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 92 Y^e image of God, yea, y^e perfect image..It is not a draft halfe drawen. 29. A sketch in words; a slight or concise account, ‘outline’, abstract. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > prose > non-fiction > summary or epitome > [noun] > outline or sketch in words outdraughtc1300 minute1443 draught?1504 plat1525 plot1548 table1560 scheme1652 schizzo1686 outline1760 profile1783 abbozzo1846 ?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. aa.iii The famous draughtes of poetes eloquent. 1569 T. Underdowne tr. Ovid Inuectiue against Ibis (title page) A short Draught of all the Stories and Tales contained therein. 1665 Epit. in Beverley Minster What ere I did beleeve, what ere I tavght..Resurgam of them all is the fvll dravght. 1690 J. Locke Ess. Humane Understanding ii. xxi. 130 Thus I have, in a short draught, given a view of our original Ideas. 1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 302. ⁋8 This is but an imperfect Draught of so excellent a Character. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 151. ⁋6 Unable to compare the draughts of fiction with their originals. β. sometimes draft.1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (1875) ii. 90 Drafts of the future state given by religious systems of human origin. †30. A plan, map, chart, plot. Also draft n. 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > map > [noun] mapa1527 carda1532 card of the sea1555 chard?a1560 chart?a1560 draught1580 society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram plat1508 plot1551 plack1552 placket1552 lineament1570 draught1580 landscape1642 plan1664 speculum1676 chart1880 1580 C. Hollyband Treasurie French Tong Alignement, a Carde or draught. 1625 N. Carpenter Geogr. Delineated i. i. 2 The general draught of the whole Iland. 1701 A. Boyer (title) The draughts of the most remarkable fortified towns of Europe. 1875 J. H. Temple & G. Sheldon Hist. Northfield, Mass. 15 This tract of low land was partly included in the Wells's meadow draught. 31. a. A ‘plan’ of something to be constructed, as a building. Also draft n. 4. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > working drawing draught1577 design1624 draft1678 setting-out1848 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. II. iii. vii. sig. Kk.ii^v/2 There should be lawes concerning draughts, & order of buyldinges. 1662 B. Gerbier Brief Disc. Princ. Building Ep. Ded. sig. A6 The makeing of a Sumptuous Gate at Temple-Barr, whereof a Draught hath been presented to his Sacred Majesty. 1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Archit. (1818) 79 Let the architect first make a draught on paper of the intended work. 1850 J. Greenwood Sailor's Sea-bk. 116 Elevation, the orthographic draught or perpendicular plan of a ship, whereon the heights and lengths are expressed. It is called by ship-wrights the ‘sheer draught’. †b. A pattern, an outline drawing. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > [noun] > a plan or diagram > outline drawing draught1593 ground-lines1624 lines1680 1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie i. iii. 53 Certaine exemplary draughts or patternes. 1610 P. Holland tr. W. Camden Brit. i. 342 When the corne is come uppe a man may see the draughts of streetes crossing one another. 32. A preliminary ‘sketch’ or outline of a writing or document, from which the fair or finished copy is made. (Now usually draft n. 5.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > [noun] > preliminary or rough copy draught1528 rough draft1576 foul papers1601 rough copy1638 essay1656 concept1658 draft1769 upset1841 1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 250 Where ther is a draught of a Will of myne. c1680 W. Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 263 This was the first draught of the new covenant. a1690 J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 238 In the Draught of the Bill..it was further specified [etc.]. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. Pref. 3 What I wrote in the first draught of this work. 1738 T. Birch Life Milton in J. Milton Wks. I. 3 There are two Draughts of this Letter in his own hand writing. 1825 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in Wks. (1859) I. 7 I prepared a draught of instructions to be given to the delegates. 1855 D. Brewster Mem. Life I. Newton (new ed.) II. xiv. 31 We have found several rough draughts of the changes which he intended to have made upon the scholium. †33. Something drawn up or devised; a scheme, plan, design, device; a plot; an artifice. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan redeeOE devicec1290 casta1300 went1303 ordinancec1385 intentc1386 imaginationa1393 drifta1535 draught1535 forecast1535 platform1547 ground-plat?a1560 table1560 convoy1565 design1565 plat1574 ground-plota1586 plot1587 reach1587 theory1593 game1595 projectment1611 projecting1616 navation1628 approach1633 view1634 plan1635 systema1648 sophism1657 manage1667 brouillon1678 speculationa1684 sketch1697 to take measures1698 method1704 scheme1704 lines1760 outline1760 measure1767 restorative1821 ground plan1834 strategy1834 programme1837 ticket1842 project1849 outline plan1850 layout1867 draft1879 dart1882 lurk1916 schema1939 lick1955 the mind > will > intention > planning > plotting > [noun] > a plot devicec1290 wanlace1303 conjecturea1464 machinationa1475 practice1533 draught1535 plot?c1550 plat1584 design1590 contrivement1608 intrigo1648 complotment1660 underplot1668 contrivance1689 intrigue1692 scheme1719 infanglement1753 fix-up1832 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 101 Richt quietlie..that draucht wes drawin. 1631 S. Rutherford Lett. (1863) I. 70 The counsels and draughts of men against the kirk. 1731 A. Pope Epist. to Earl of Burlington 9 Greatness, with Timon, dwells in such a Draught As brings all Brobdignag before your Thought. β. rarely draft.1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (1875) i. 21 How much this draft of morality..differs from that of heathen nations in general. XI. Senses relating to withdrawal. 34. The withdrawing, detachment, or selection of certain persons, animals, or things from a larger body for some special duty or purpose; the party so drawn off or selected; spec. in military use. (Now usually draft n. 2a.) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > [noun] > selecting from a number or for a purpose > specific persons or animals draught1703 draughting1796 draft1800 society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > group with special function or duty > [noun] conreyc1330 partyc1330 stalec1350 stuff1412 crew1455 working party1744 draft1756 draught1780 commando1791 detail1862 otriad1916 taskforce1927 stick1953 1703 London Gaz. No. 3888/3 Orders..for making a considerable Draught out of our Garison, in order to some Expedition. 1708 Chamberlayne's Magnæ Britanniæ Notitia (1743) i. iii. x. 245 The several garrisons, from whence Draughts are made for the army. 1780 T. Jefferson Let. 23 Sept. in Papers (1951) III. 660 We happened to have about 400 draughts raised..and never called out. 1811 T. Davis Gen. View Agric. Wilts. (new ed.) 268 Draughts, hazel-rods selected for hurdle-making. 1872 J. Yeats Growth Commerce 31 Draughts of labourers were employed in Spain. 35. Commerce. a. The ‘drawing’ or withdrawing of money from a stock by means of an order written in due form. (Also draft n. 3a.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > withdrawing money draught1633 draft1833 withdrawal1861 1633 T. Stafford Pacata Hibernia i. iii. 29 Fearing..lest some draught might bee drawen upon them. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1766) I. 437 To get such draughts made on that bank..that there should be no money current there. 1759 S. Johnson Idler 10 Mar. 73 Payments by draughts upon our Banker. 1838 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Ferdinand & Isabella III. ii. xix. 266 Replenishing the exchequer by draughts on his new subjects. b. A formal written order for the payment of money, ‘drawn on’, or addressed to, a person holding funds available for this purpose. (Now written draft n. 3b.) ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > paper money > cheques and drafts > [noun] > cheque paper credit1725 draught1736 banker's draft1764 bank cheque1774 draft1786 sight cheque1863 certified cheque1880 marked cheque1896 Eurocheque1969 1736 N. Bailey et al. Dictionarium Britannicum (ed. 2) Draught,..a bill drawn by a Merchant payable by another on whom it is drawn. 1743 H. Fielding Ess. Char. Men in Misc. I. 205 [He] who relieves his Friend in Distress, by a Draught on Aldgate Pump. [Note] A Mercantile Phrase for a bad Note. 1767 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. (new ed.) II. xxx. 467 In common speech such a bill is frequently called a draught, but a bill of exchange is the more legal as well as mercantile expression. 1775 Fielding's True Patriot in Wks. IX. 335 I have sent you a draught on your tutor, according to your desires. 1786 Particulars Trials John Shepherd 13 Mr. Elliot sent the draft to the bankers, which was returned unpaid. 1790 A. J. Dallas Rep. Cases Pennsylvania 1 195 Draughts made payable to the party himself. XII. Senses relating to drawing out or extraction. 36. The act of drawing forth or out; drawing (as of lots). rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > foresight, foreknowledge > prediction, foretelling > casting of lots, sortilege > [noun] cavellingc1375 sortc1386 sortilegea1387 sortilegya1387 lot-casting1569 lottery1570 cleromancy1610 sortiary1653 draught1807 1807 J. Robinson Archæol. Græca iii. xvi. 264 To take fatidical verses..written..on little pieces of paper, to put them into a vessel; out of which they drew them, expecting to read their fate in the first draught. †37. figurative. Extraction, derivation; something derived, an emanation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > heredity or hereditary descent > [noun] > inherited quality or constitution draught1483 strind?a1513 patrimonya1578 strain1605 inheritance1613 hereditament1795 stripe1861 stock1866 unit character1902 1483 Festivall (1515) 76 The synne y^t they had of the draught of kynde of our fader Adam and Eve. 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. (1634) i. v. 11 Some say that Bees have part of minde divine, and heavenly draughts. †38. A passage of a writing; an extract. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > literature > a written composition > extract > [noun] stitchena1225 outdraughtc1300 draught1382 sentencec1400 article1417 place1526 membera1535 gobbet?1550 extracture1602 excerption1614 excerpta1638 analects1641 extraction1656 extract1666 selection1805 worksheet1823 reading1828 screed1829 sectiuncle1838 snippet1864 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Esther Prol. The whiche boc the comun making drawith along hider and thider with the torne draȝtis. c1385 G. Chaucer Legend Good Women Hypermnestra. 2667 And seyde, herof a draught, or two. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 373 Extracts and draughts out of those authors. †39. An extract obtained by distillation. (Also draft.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > distillation > essence or extract obtained by draught1576 alcohol1590 essence1660 1576 G. Baker tr. C. Gesner Newe Jewell of Health iv. f. 230^v To the draft or substance of the hearbs, let the proper water be poured. 40. The action of drawing liquor from a vessel; the condition of being ready to be so drawn. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor birlinga1340 draughtc1440 skinking1592 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 131/1 Drawte of..lycoure owte of a wesselle. 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. II. 234 By this machine, wines, spirits, stout, &c., can be kept on draught. 41. Cookery. The entrails of an animal drawn out (cf. draw v. 56). Obsolete or dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > part or joint of animal > [noun] > pluck, offal, or tripe tripea1300 numblesc1330 tripea1400 chitterling?c1400 giblet14.. hasletc1400 umbles14.. womb cloutc1400 garbage1422 offala1425 interlardc1440 hinge1469 draught?a1475 mugget1481 paunch1512 purtenance1530 pertinence1535 chawdron1578 menudes1585 humblesa1592 gut?1602 pluck1611 sheep's-pluck1611 fifth quarter1679 trail1764 fry1847 chitling1869 small goods1874 black tripe1937 variety meat1942 ?a1475 Noble Bk. Cookry in Middle Eng. Dict. at Spaun(e Tak the draught of samon and mak it clene and put it in a pot..and boile it till it be enoughe, then tak it up and grind the spawn. 1787 Mrs. Maciver in Kitchiner Cook's Oracle (1829) 373 Scotch Haggis..mince the draught and a pretty large piece of beef very small. 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Draucht, the entrails of a calf or sheep, the pluck. 42. A mild blister or poultice that ‘draws’. ΚΠ 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Draught..18 A sinapism, a mild vesicatory. (So in later Dicts.) 43. Masonry, Architecture, etc. (See quots.) ΚΠ 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 966 Draught, in masonry, a part of the surface of the stone, hewn to the breadth of the chisel on the margin of the stone according to the curved or straight line to which the surface is to be brought. 1864 Webster's Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Draught..8 The bevel given to the pattern for a casting, in order that it may be drawn from the sand without injury to the mold. 1876 W. Papworth Gwilt's Encycl. Archit. (rev. ed.) Gloss. 1234 In carpentry, when a tenon is to be secured in a mortise by a pin, and the hole in the tenon is made nearer the shoulder than to the cheeks of the mortise, the insertion of the pin draws the shoulder of the tenon close to the cheeks of the mortise, and it is said to have a draught. 1881 F. Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1313 Two chisel draughts are made at one side and the end of the stave something like what in joinery is termed a rebate. 44. Weaving. The succession in which the threads of the warp are inserted into the heddles of the loom in order to produce the required pattern; the plan of ‘drawing’ of a warp (see draw v. 17). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > threads in process of weaving > [noun] > warp > plan of draught1822 1822 A. Peddie (title) Linen Manufacturer, Weaver, and Warper's Assistant, with Tables, Drafts, Cordings, etc. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 979 [Textile Fabrics] As the operation of introducing the warp into any number of leaves [of heddles] is called drawing a warp, the plan of succession is called the ‘draught’. 1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 982 Fig. 1955 represents the draught and cording of a fanciful species of dimity. XIII. [In sense 46 withdraught also occurs, and has been taken by some as the full word whence draught has been shortened.] †45. (?) A cesspool, sink, or sewer. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > provision of sewers > [noun] > sewer cockey1390 gutterc1440 soughc1440 sew1475 withdraught1493 sink1499 syre1513 closet1531 draught1533 vault1533 drain1552 fleet1583 issue1588 drainer1598 guzzle1598 shore1598 sewer1609 vennel1641 cloaca1656 cuniculus1670 pend1817 thurrock1847 sewer line1977 1533 J. Bellenden tr. Livy Hist. Rome (1822) v. 479 Now..everie privat house hath the awin gutters and sinkes, for voiding of filthie excrementis, quhare before thay had ane commoun draucht. 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 126 Our whole body is within as it were a stinking draught or puddle that emptieth it selfe on euery side as it were by sinks & gutters. 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. (1609) i. xi. Notes 1366 The image of this Cloacina was found in a privie or draught, called Maxima. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 72 Sweet draught, sweet quoth a, sweet sinke, sweet sure. View more context for this quotation 1703 R. Neve City & Countrey Purchaser Pref. 12 Some make this Place the Draught of their Houses. †46. a. A privy: also draught-house (see Compounds 2). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] gongOE privy?c1225 room-housec1275 chamber foreignc1300 wardrobea1325 privy chamberc1325 foreignc1390 siegec1400 stool1410 jakes1432 house of easementa1438 kocayc1440 siege-hole1440 siege-house1440 privy house1463 withdraught1493 draught1530 shield1535 bench-hole1542 common house1542 stool1542 jakes house1547 boggard1552 house of office?1560 purging place1577 little house1579 issue1588 Ajax1596 draught-house1597 private1600 necessary house1612 vault1617 longhouse1622 latrine1623 necessary1633 commonsa1641 gingerbread officea1643 boghouse1644 cloaca1645 passage-house1646 retreat1653 shithouse1659 closet of ease1662 garderobe1680 backside1704 office1727 bog?1731 house of ease1734 cuz-john1735 easing-chair1771 backhouse1800 outhouse1819 netty1825 petty1848 seat of ease1850 closet1869 bathroom1883 crapper1927 lat1927 shouse1941 biffy1942 shitholec1947 toot1965 shitter1967 woodshed1974 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 215/1 Draught a prevy, ortraict. a1535 T. More Hist. Richard III in Wks. (1557) 68/1 This communicacion had he sitting at the draught [1543 Grafton Drafte], a conuenient carpet for such a counsaile. 1546 Wycklyffes Wycket sig. A.v Christ saide all thynges that a man eatethe..is sent downe into the draughte awaye. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) v. i. 102 Hang them, or stab them, drowne them in a draught . View more context for this quotation 1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 501 A draught or Jakes, latrina: secessus. β. 1537 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 142 [He] borowed a candell..and serched the drawft and all the chambers on the back side.1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Draft or Jaques..latrina. †b. Evacuation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > organs of excretion > excretions > faeces > [noun] gorec725 mixeOE quedeeOE turdeOE dungOE worthinga1225 dirta1300 drega1300 naturea1325 fen1340 ordurec1390 fimea1475 merd1486 stercory1496 avoidc1503 siegec1530 fex1540 excrement1541 hinder-fallings1561 gong1562 foil1565 voiding1577 pilgrim-salvec1580 egestion1583 shita1585 sir-reverence1592 purgament1597 filinga1622 faecesa1625 exclusion1646 faecality1653 tantadlin1654 surreverence1655 draught1659 excrementitiousness1660 jakes1701 old golda1704 dejection1728 dejecture1731 shitea1733 feculence1733 doll1825 crap1846 excreta1857 excretes1883 hockey1886 dejecta1887 job1899 number two1902 mess1903 ming1923 do1930 tomtit1930 pony1931 No. 21937 dog shit1944 Shinola1944 big job1945 biggie1953 doo-doo1954 doings1957 gick1959 pooh1960 pooh-pooh1962 dooky1965 poopy1970 whoopsie1973 pucky1980 jobbie1981 1659 W. S. Macollo's XCIX Canons in Physick 6 If in the draught there be found any piece of skin, it signifies the Guts to be ulcerate. Compounds C1. attributive. a. Of beasts: Used for draught or drawing (see 1). ΚΠ 1466 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1855) II. 285 A draght ox. ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxx^v Melch kye and draught oxen. 1642 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll.: Third Pt. (1692) I. 777 Draught-Horses..for the Artillery and Baggage of the Irish Army. 1786 E. Burke Articles of Charge against W. Hastings vii. 170 Draught and carriage bullocks for the army. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 273 Strengthened with additional draught animals, both horses and bullocks, we commenced the ascent [of the Simplon]. β. also draft.1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida ii. i. 107 Yoke you like draught oxen. View more context for this quotation1681 London Gaz. No. 1635/4 Five good Draft-Horses.1847 F. W. L. Leichhardt Jrnl. Overland Exped. Austral. Introd. 17 I purchased five draft-bullocks. b. Of sheep: Drafted or selected from the flock; see draft n. Compounds 1. c. Of liquor: On draught; drawn or ready to draw from the cask: as draught ale, draught beer, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > types or qualities of intoxicating liquor > [adjective] > draught draught1836 1836 C. Dickens Sketches by Boz 2nd Ser. 39 A pot of the real draught stout. 1893 Daily News 27 Feb. 4/7 Whisky will keep, and draft ale will not. 1971 Daily Tel. 13 May 13/6 Draught beer..is brewed from hops, malt and yeast and is served either by tap or by hand (suction) pump directly from the barrel. d. Of a document: Drawn up as a preliminary or rough copy. (Commonly draft n. Compounds 2.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > writing > written text > [adjective] > of document, drawn up as rough copy draught1878 1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein II. 293 The document resembles closely..the draught Proclamation. 1878 J. R. Seeley Life & Times Stein III. 323 In the form of a draught Act of Federation. C2. General attributive. a. In sense 1 (pull, traction). draught-bar n. ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-bar. 1. A swingle-tree. 2. The bar of a railway-car with which the coupling is immediately connected. draught-equalizer n. ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-equalizer, a treble tree; a mode of arranging the whiffletrees when three horses are pulling abreast, so that all possess an equal leverage. draught-harness n. ΚΠ 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. iij Thesaied Chariotes, and the draught harnesses. draught-pole n. ΚΠ 1893 Jrnl. Royal Agric. Soc. 3rd Ser. 4 715 The draft-pole is pivoted to eyes..attached to the forward face of the main frame. draught-rod n. ΚΠ 1857 P. M. Colquhoun Compan. Oarsman's Guide 32 (Locks). The draught rod connects the paddle or sluice with the lever, the rack and winch, or the crowbar [that raises it]. 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-rod (Plow.), a rod extending beneath the beam from the clevis to the sheth and taking the strain off the beam. draught-rope n. ΚΠ 1753Draught-ropes [see draught-hook n. at Compounds 2c]. draught-spring n. b. In other senses. draught-phial n. ΚΠ 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 521 The dose of this water..was a draught phial full, and, consequently, about an ounce and a-half. draught-player n. draught-playing n. (22) ΚΠ 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 17 Feb. 4/1 The inmates were sitting reading, draught playing, or otherwise amusing themselves. † draught-raker n. Obsolete ΚΠ a1605 Polwart Flyting with Montgomerie 758 Halland shaker, draught raiker. draught-furnace n. draught-regulator n. c. Special combinations. Also draught-bridge n., etc. draught arm n. a handle used in drawing liquid from a beer-machine or soda-water fountain. ΚΠ 1901 Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 11/1 Before entering into any arrangements with the vendors of the various taps or draught arms at present being offered. draught-board n. the board on which the game of draughts is played. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > board game > draughts > [noun] > board chequerboard1597 draught-board1726 dam-brod1826 1726 B. Franklin Jrnl. in Wks. (1887) I. App. 104 All this afternoon I spent..at the draft-board. a1833 C. Lamb Detached Thoughts on Bks. in Last Ess. of Elia (Ainger 218) In..books which are no books..I reckon court calendars, directories, pocket-books, draught-boards bound and lettered on the back. draught-box n. (see quot.). ΚΠ 1874 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Draft-box..an air-tight tube by which the water from an elevated wheel is conducted to the tail-race. † draught-boy n. Obsolete = draw-boy n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > [noun] > weaving > method of > figure weaving > boy who pulls cords of harness in draught-boy1687 draw-boy1699 1687 London Gaz. No. 2301/4 A Patent..unto Mr. Joseph Mason, for his new invented Engine, which saves all Weavers the Trouble..of a Draft-boy. † draught-breadths n. Obsolete (plural) ? the traces of a vehicle. ΚΠ 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice v. 52 The draught breadthes or Coach treates, which extend from the breast of the horse to the bridge tree of the Coach. † draught-chamber n. Obsolete a chamber to withdraw or retire to, a private room. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > parts of building > room > types of room generally > [noun] > private or inner room > drawing room withdrawing-chamber1392 drawing chamber1410 draught-chamber?1454 withdraught1481 withdrawing-room1611 drawing room1635 lounge1938 ?1454 M. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 253 I haue take the mesure in the draute chamer þer as ye wold your coforys and your cowntewery shuld be sette. 1463 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 22 The chambyr abovyn the kechene, with the drawgth chambyr longyng therto, with the esement of the prevy longgyng thereto. draught-compasses n. (plural) (see quot.). ΚΠ 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) Draught-Compasses, a sort of Compasses with several moveable Points, to make fine Draughts of Maps, Charts..etc. draught-dog n. = draught-hound n. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > that hunts by scent brachc1400 brachetc1400 draught-hound1598 draught-dog1656 line-hunter1851 drag-hound1884 bratchet- 1656–7 in 7th Rep. Hist. MSS. Com. App. 575/2 A couple of whelps of the blood-hound strain to make draught-dogs. draught-engine n. the engine over the shaft of a coal-pit or mine. ΚΠ 1884 Symons Geol. Cornwall 196 To increase the efficiency of the draught engine and to reduce the cost of fuel. draught-excluder n. a device for excluding draughts. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > for excluding draughts draught-excluder1859 draught-screen1907 1859 G. Measom Illustr. Guide Lancs. & Carlisle Railways 118 (advt.) Draft excluders. 1895 Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 15 Sept. 187 Patent Draught Excluder. This simple invention consists of a roller covered with plushette, which revolves between two brass brackets when the door is opened or closed. 1909 Lady's Realm July 271/2 A most effectual draught excluder. draught-hole n. a hole by which air is admitted to a furnace. ΚΠ 1854 E. Ronalds & T. Richardson Knapp's Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 99 Above the sole of the furnace are three rows of draught holes. draught-hook n. (see quots.). ΚΠ 1721 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Draught Hooks. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) Large hooks of iron fixed on the cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side..called the fore and hind Draught-hooks..Used for drawing a gun backwards or forwards by men with strong ropes, called Draught-ropes. 1853 Catal. Royal Agric. Soc. Show 2 A neck collar for..Farm Harness..has the draft-hook attached, and requires no hames. † draught-hound n. Obsolete a hound used for tracking people or animals by the scent [see draw v. 51 ]. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > family Canidae > hound > [noun] > that hunts by scent brachc1400 brachetc1400 draught-hound1598 draught-dog1656 line-hunter1851 drag-hound1884 bratchet- 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Bracco, a beagle, a hound, a spaniell, a blood hound, a draught hound. 1736 Compl. Family-piece ii. i. 211 Having their Harbinger, Blood-hound or Draught-hound in Readiness, they begin the Chace. † draught-house n. Obsolete a privy (= sense 46). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > sanitation > privy or latrine > [noun] gongOE privy?c1225 room-housec1275 chamber foreignc1300 wardrobea1325 privy chamberc1325 foreignc1390 siegec1400 stool1410 jakes1432 house of easementa1438 kocayc1440 siege-hole1440 siege-house1440 privy house1463 withdraught1493 draught1530 shield1535 bench-hole1542 common house1542 stool1542 jakes house1547 boggard1552 house of office?1560 purging place1577 little house1579 issue1588 Ajax1596 draught-house1597 private1600 necessary house1612 vault1617 longhouse1622 latrine1623 necessary1633 commonsa1641 gingerbread officea1643 boghouse1644 cloaca1645 passage-house1646 retreat1653 shithouse1659 closet of ease1662 garderobe1680 backside1704 office1727 bog?1731 house of ease1734 cuz-john1735 easing-chair1771 backhouse1800 outhouse1819 netty1825 petty1848 seat of ease1850 closet1869 bathroom1883 crapper1927 lat1927 shouse1941 biffy1942 shitholec1947 toot1965 shitter1967 woodshed1974 1597 Bp. J. King Lect. Ionas v. 69 They had..a goddesse for their draught-houses. 1611 Bible (King James) 2 Kings x. 27 They..brake downe the house of Baal, and made it a draught-house [ Coverd. prevy house] . View more context for this quotation 1884 J. Payne tr. Tales from Arabic I. 18 So thou mayest enter the draught-house. draught-line n. a line on a ship marking the depth of water she draws. ΚΠ 1893 Act 36 & 37 Vict. c. 85 §3 The lower line of such..figures to coincide with the draught line denoted thereby. draught-net n. a net that is drawn for fish. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > net > [noun] > drag-net dray-netc1000 pullc1303 draw-net1386 dredge1471 drag1481 dragneta1542 train1576 tug-net1584 trainel1585 draught-net1630 trawl-net1697 trail1711 trawl1759 trail-net1820 pole trawl1836 train net1864 otter trawlc1870 turn-net1883 pair trawl1967 1630 M. Drayton Muses Elizium vi. 54 With my Draughtnet then, I sweepe the streaming Flood. 1873 Act 36 & 37 Victoria c. 71 §14 Any person who shall shoot or work any seine or draft net for salmon. draught-proof adj. fitted so as to be proof against draughts. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > [adjective] > stopping up or blocking > without leak or tight > specific watertight1489 wind-tight1507 wind and water tighta1550 weatherproof1647 weather-tight1648 wind-fast1648 airtight1728 steam-tight1765 waterproofed1813 gas-tight1819 acid-proof1844 gas-proof1846 oil-tight1847 mudproof1897 pressure-tight1899 draught-proof1908 weather-stripped1908 spill-proof1920 vacuum-tight1927 splash-proof1929 vapour-proof1946 1908 Westm. Gaz. 17 Nov. 4/2 When closed it is entirely draught-proof. 1929 Evening News 18 Nov. 5/1 It seats a pilot and two passengers in an enclosed draught-proof cabin. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 12 Jan. 107/3 Use a draught-proof surround for the first 4–5 days. draught-proof v. (transitive) . ΚΠ 1960 House & Garden Oct. 119/1 Sound draught-proofed doors and windows. 1965 E. Gundrey Foot in Door xii. 90 Three burly men called on an old lady and offered to draughtproof doors. draught-screen n. a screen for keeping off draughts. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > a building > furniture and fittings > screen > [noun] > for excluding draughts draught-excluder1859 draught-screen1907 1907 N. Munro Daft Days xv. 129 She got him in behind the draft-screen on the landing of the stair. 1922 F. Niven Justice of Peace x Behind the draught-screen was the sound of soap-lather and water. 1968 Listener 20 June 798/3 He had a wooden draughtscreen..and that was elaborately painted. draught-scroll n. a scroll for regulating the draught of the roving on a spinning-mule. ΚΠ 1894 C. Vickerman Woollen Spinning 233 The form of the draft-scroll has to be varied in diameter at different points to suit the twine at different portions of the draft. draught-spring n. a spring inserted between the tug or trace of a draught-animal and the car, wagon, or other load, so as to relieve the strain at starting, etc. draught-table n. a table on which the game of draughts is played. ΚΠ 1756 W. Payne Introd. Game of Draughts Introd. sig. B1 The Draught Table must be placed with an upper White Corner towards the Right Hand. draught-tube n. (see draft tube n. at draft n. Compounds 4). † draught-vice n. Obsolete some machine or vehicle for drawing a load. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > a conveyance > vehicle > other vehicles according to specific use > [noun] > for drawing a load draught-vice1609 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xvii. iv. 84 [The Egyptian Obelisk]..beeing layed upon certaine draught-vices and engines..was..brought into the Circus Maximus. draught-way n. a way along which something is drawn; a passage for a draught or current of air. ΚΠ 1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. i. 17 Along this line, hence called the Diolcus, or Draughtway, vessels were often transported from sea to sea. 1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 257/2 The metal being kept perfectly cool by the increased draughtway. † draught-well n. Obsolete a draw-well. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > water > lake > pool > [noun] > well water piteOE wellOE pitOE pulkc1300 draw-wellc1410 draught-wellc1440 winchc1440 brine-well1594 salt spring1601 sump1680 pump well1699 spout-well1710 sump hole1754 pit-well1756 sink1804 bucket-well1813 artesian well1829 shallow well1877 dip-well1894 garland-well1897 village pump1925 c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 131/1 Drawte welle, haurium. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online September 2021). draughtv. Brit. /drɑːft/, /draft/, U.S. /dræft/ Etymology: < draught n.For other senses, see draft v. 1. transitive. To draw off (a party of persons, animals, etc.) from a larger body for some special duty or purpose. (Now commonly draft v. 1a.) ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > choose in specific way [verb (transitive)] > select from a number or for a purpose markOE to choose out1297 out-trya1325 cullc1330 welec1330 try1340 walea1350 coil1399 drawa1400 to mark outa1450 electa1513 sorta1535 prick1536 exempta1538 select1567 sort1597 to gather out1611 single1629 delibate1660 to cut out1667 outlooka1687 draught1714 draft1724 to tell off1727 1714 London Gaz. No. 5193/4 Who was Draughted into Sir John Gibson's Company of Invalid Serjeants. 1745 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 665/2 An order..for draughting out of the train of artillery..130 matrosses. 1758 J. Blake Plan Marine Syst. 12 The commander..shall draught off an equal number of men..to supply their places. 1868 E. Edwards Life Sir W. Ralegh I. xi. 211 The soldiers..were hastily draughted off to their respective vessels. 2. To make a plan or sketch of; esp. to draw a preliminary plan of (something to be constructed); to design. (Sometimes draft.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > representation > a plastic or graphic representation > graphic representation > drawing plans or diagrams > make plan or diagram of [verb (transitive)] to set down in plat1508 to plat forth1556 delineate1579 plot1588 plat1589 trace1599 to line outa1616 lineament1638 to lay down1669 design1697 plan1734 draught1828 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. Draft, to draw the outline, to delineate. 1851 R. Kipping Sails & Sail-making (ed. 2) 138 To have a right understanding of draughting sails, geometry ought to be studied. 1863 H. W. Longfellow Musician's Tale xiii. iii, in Tales Wayside Inn 125 Drafting That new vessel for King Olaf. 3. To treat with draughts (of medicine), administer draughts to. rare. (Cf. dose v. 2a.) ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical treatment > treatment by medicine or drug > treat with drugs [verb (transitive)] physicc1400 pharmacize1609 potion1611 dose1654 store1722 draughta1777 a1777 S. Foote Devil upon Two Sticks (1778) iii. 58 Power..to pill..draught..and poultice, all persons. 4. Masonry. To cut a draught upon: see draught n. 43 (Also draft n. 3.) ΚΠ 1848 [see draughted adj. at Derivatives]. 1888 Daily News 15 Sept. 3/1 They [stones] are draughted all round, but left rough on the outer face. Categories » 5. Weaving. To draw (the threads of the warp) through the heddles of the loom: = draw v. 17. Compounds draughting-table n. one used in drawing designs, plans, etc. ΚΠ 1901 S. Merwin & H. K. Webster Calumet ‘K’ xiii. 247 Bannon was sitting in the office chair with his feet on the draughting-table. Derivatives draughted adj. ΚΠ 1848 S. C. Bartlett Egypt to Palestine (1879) xx. 438 The old wall..with its large draughted stones. draughting n. esp. = draught n. 44. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > free will > choice or choosing > types of choice > [noun] > selecting from a number or for a purpose > specific persons or animals draught1703 draughting1796 draft1800 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 529 The draughting of their children into the Militia. 1878 A. Barlow Hist. & Princ. Weaving 108 The draughting or entering of the warp threads through the headles. 1889 Internat. Ann. Anthonys Photogr. Bull. 218 Draftman's tracing paper..can be obtained of most dealers in drafting materials. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online December 2019). < n.c1200v.1714
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draughtn.

Compounds

draughtv.

Compounds

Derivatives