ealdormann.

Brit.

/eɪˈaldəmən/,

/ˈaldəmən/, U.S.

/eɪˈældərmən/,

/ˈældərmən/

Inflections: Plural ealdormen, (rare) ealdormans.

Forms: Old English æalderman (rare), Old English æaldorman (rare), Old English aldormann, Old English aldormon, Old English aldormonn, Old English aldryman (rare), Old English aldurmon (Anglian), Old English alldormonn (Northumbrian, rare), Old English eadermen (plural, transmission error), Old English eadorman (transmission error), Old English ealdarman (rare), Old English ealdermann, Old English ealdormonn, Old English ealdurmann (rare), Old English ealldormonn (rare), Old English eoldormannum (dative plural, perhaps transmission error), Old English galdermonnum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English haldormon (Northumbrian, rare), Old English haldormonn (Northumbrian, rare), Old English (chiefly Mercian)–early Middle English aldermon, Old English–early Middle English aldorman, Old English–early Middle English ealdormann, Old English–early Middle English ealdormon, Old English–early Middle English (1600s– historical) ealderman, Old English–early Middle English 1600s– ealdorman, Old English– alderman Brit.

/ˈɔːldəmən/,

/ˈɒldəmən/,

/ˈaldəmən/, U.S.

/ˈɔldərmən/,

/ˈɑldərmən/,

/ˈældərmən/ (now rare), late Old English ældorman, late Old English eældermæn (plural), late Old English eældermen (plural), late Old English eældormæn, late Old English eældorman, late Old English eældormon, late Old English ealdereman, late Old English ealdorma (transmission error), early Middle English alderemen (plural), early Middle English alderrmann ( Ormulum), early Middle English aldyrmann, early Middle English allderrmann ( Ormulum), early Middle English ealdermon, Middle English aldreman (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English aldurmanne, Middle English heldarman, 1500s aldermanne, 1800s eorlderman.

Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Probably cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian aldermon head of a district or town, counsellor of an abbot (see note) < the Germanic base of alder n.² + the Germanic base of man n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin aldermannus royal official or nobleman (from late 10th cent. in British sources; < Old English). Compare later alderman n. and the post-classical Latin and Anglo-Norman parallels cited at that entry. The word was revived in antiquarian and historical use in sense 1 in the late 16th cent., originally in the form in which it was still current (see alderman n.), but from the 17th cent. onwards also in its Old English (West Saxon) form ealdorman, which is now the usual form.It is possible that the first element of Old Frisian aldermon represents the reflex of the Germanic base of elder n.³ rather than the Germanic base of alder n.², although it shows no variants with initial e- (compare discussion of Old Frisian alder at alder n.²). Compare Middle Dutch ouderman senior member of a municipal council, master of a guild (Dutch ouderman , olderman ), Middle Low German ōlderman , also elderman , alderman senior member of a municipal or ecclesiastical corporation or institution, master of a guild (German regional (Low German) Öllermann ). These appear to be compounds of the respective cognates of older n. or elder n.³, but perhaps ultimately reflect an inherited Germanic compound of the base of alder n.² with substitution of the first element. (Old Icelandic ǫldurmaðr , Old Swedish alderman , Old Danish alderman , olderman , all in sense ‘man of rank, master of a guild, etc.’, are probably after the Middle Low German.) Folk-etymological explanations of the first element of the word as showing old adj. or elder adj. are found already from the 12th cent. (see quot. c1175 at sense 1), and this presumed derivation is apparently alluded to in some of the later uses in sense 2 (compare e.g. quots. 1440, 1619). Compare discussion at alder n.² Compare also early Middle English eldreneman ruler, count, with alteration of the first element after eldrene, genitive plural of elder n.³:a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 55 On him rixleð lichamliche wil, alse eldrene man [L. dux] on his burh. In form eorlderman apparently influenced by Old English eorl earl n. (compare sense 2 at that entry). The word also occurs early in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds and place names; compare Ældremanestone, Berkshire (1086; now Aldermaston) and also the following:OE Bounds (Sawyer 1031) in J. E. B. Gover et al. Place-names Herts. (1938) 313 Fram gilmere to þæs ealdermannes mere, fram þæs eldermannes mere into merdene.lOE Bounds (Sawyer 273) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 540 Westewearð oð ðæs ealdærmannæs mearcæ, andland þæs ealdermannæs mearcæ oð ðiccan þornæs.

historical in later use.

1. In Anglo-Saxon England: a man who rules over a large area or a shire, usually subject to the king. Also used as a title placed immediately before (and in Old English also immediately after) a name.In Anglo-Saxon England, the word, in its widest sense, denotes a nobleman, of lower rank than a king but higher than a thegn, occasionally of royal birth, exercising authority over an identifiable area or people (cf. ealdordom n.). The precise political implications of the term changed over time.In early Anglo-Saxon England, the word could refer to persons of quasi-regal status as well as those of considerably lesser power. Later, esp. in 9th-cent. Wessex, the word developed a specific sense denoting the chief royal officer in a shire. As such, the term refers to an office conferred by the king rather than inherited by its holder. (Compare the development of the office of the shire-reeve or sheriff n., which subsequently replaced that of the ealdorman in some of its functions.) In the 10th cent., the power of ealdormen increased and often extended to several shires and even formerly independent kingdoms. As such, their rank was equivalent to that of earl (see earl n. 2), the distinction originally being that earls held power in the Danelaw. However, in the first half of the 11th cent., the rank of earl was generally extended to areas outside the Danelaw and replaced the rank of ealdorman. The terms ealdorman and earl are therefore partly synonymous, and in Old English historical sources they are to some extent used interchangeably (cf. quot. eOE² and also quot. OE at ealdordom n. 1b).In Anglo-Saxon Latin sources, the rank corresponds to different Latin titles, including comes (see count n.², comes n.) and praefectus prefect n., but is frequently and increasingly rendered by dux (see duke n.), which occasionally also occurs in this sense in English contexts.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior Anglo-Saxon official

ealdormaneOE

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun] > noble person or man > exercising authority under king

ealdormaneOE

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 495 Her cuomon twegen aldormen [lOE Laud ealdormen] on Bretene, Cerdic & Cynric his sunu, mid .v. scipum.

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 845 Ealchstan biscep & Osric aldorman [OE Tiber. B.iv dux, lOE Domitian A.viii eorl] mid Dornsætum gefuhton æt Pedridan muþan wiþ deniscne here.

eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 893 Þa gegaderode Æþered ealdormon & Æþelm ealdorman & Æþelnoþ ealdorman & þa cinges þegnas þe þa æt ham æt þæm geweorcum wæron.

OE Laws of Edgar (Nero A.i) iii. v. §2. 202 Þær beo on ðære scire biscop & se ealdorman, & þær ægðer tæcan ge Godes riht ge woruldriht.

lOE Charter: Bp. Æðelwold to Ælfwine (Sawyer 1376) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 110 Ðonne wes ðises gehwerfes to gewitnesse Eadward cining & Aþelwold biscop & Æþælmær ealdorman & Æþelgar abbod.

lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1036 Sume men sædon be Harolde þet he wære Cnutes sunu cynges & Ælfgiue Ælfelmes dohtor ealdormannes.

c1175 ( Leges Edwardi Confessoris: Version 3 (Paris) xxxii. §3 in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 655 Sicut modo uocantur greue qui super alios prefecturas habent, ita apud Anglos antiquitus uocabantur alderman, quasi seniores, non propter senectutem.., sed propter sapientiam.

a1300 (?OE) Royal Charter: Edward the Confessor to Waltham Abbey (Sawyer 1036) in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1846) IV. 158 Ærest in Angrices burne to ealdermannes hæcce to ðær cynges hæcce.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 33 Brightnothus, aldermanne, erle, or duke, of northumberlande.

a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 246 Before the divisions of the Realmes into Shirs, every large territory had an Alderman, or Governour.

1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor ii. iii. 218 The Bishop of the Diocesse and Ealdorman usd to sit in the Turne.

1696 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. I. v. 262 At which Agreement Burherd King of the Mercians..was present..with divers other Bishops, Abbots and Ealdormen.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. App. i. 93 The Aldermen, or governors of counties, who after the Danish times, were often called Earls.

1771 J. Bentham Hist. & Antiq. Church of Ely I. 83 He is styled by different Historians, Alderman, Dux, and Comes.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 76 After the Danish conquest, the title of Ealdorman was changed for that of Earl.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 75 The chieftains of the first settlers in our island bore no higher title than Ealdorman or Heretoga.

1887 G. P. Fisher Hist. Christian Church iv. ii. 155 In England separate councils were held, at which princes and ealdormen were present.

1906 J. A. Fairlie Local Govt. in Counties, Towns, & Villages i. i. 5 The ealdorman represented the extinct royalty in the earlier kingdoms.

1955 G. Smith Constit. & Legal Hist. Eng. ii. 20 Before the Norman Conquest, the pillars of government and law in the shires were the ealdorman or earl, the sheriff, and the bishop.

1978 P. Montagu-Smith in R. Buckle U & non-U Revisited 23 There are 200 or so Earls, representing by far the oldest grade of the peerage, with a history going back to the pre-Conquest Ealdormans.

2009 Tamworth Herald (Nexis) 17 Dec. She was married to Aethelred, the Ealdorman of West Mercia, the only part of the once mighty Kingdom of Mercia that had not fallen into Danish hands.

†2. gen. A chief, a prince, a ruler, esp. in a foreign country (cf. alder n.² 2); (also) an elder. Obsolete.In Old English also used to render a number of specific Latin titles, as e.g. architriclinus architricline n.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior

ealdormanOE

seniorc1380

elder1382

seneka1400

ancient1534

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John ii. 8 Haurite nunc et ferte archetriclino : birleð uel dæleð nu uel sona & brengeð ðæm aldormen [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. þære drihte ealdre].

OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 25 Ealdormenn [L. principes] wealdað hyra þeoda & þa ðe synt yldran habbað anweald on him.

OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xc. 128 Ðas wyrte þe man millefoliu[m] & on ure geþeode gearwe nemneþ, ys sæd þæt Achilles se ealdorman hy findan scolde.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14061 Son se þatt brid gume comm Þatt allderrmann himm seȝȝde.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 712 Numbert hehte þe alder-mon [c1300 Otho þe man] þe sculde þas ernde don.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 313 Tiberius..exilede [many of þe] aldermen [i.e. of the senators].

Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 9 Aldyrmann, Aldirmannus, senior.

a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxvii. 1 Al ye hedpriestes and ye aldermen of y^e people, took councel again Jesus.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) l. 691 Aungells & Arcangells..And alle Aldermen þat bene ante tronum.

1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. i. 9 The councell of estate should belong to the old, and ancient, who for their authoritie should be called Fathers, and for their antiquitie, Senators, or Aldermen.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ealdorman
释义	ealdormann. Brit. /eɪˈaldəmən/, /ˈaldəmən/, U.S. /eɪˈældərmən/, /ˈældərmən/ Inflections: Plural ealdormen, (rare) ealdormans. Forms: Old English æalderman (rare), Old English æaldorman (rare), Old English aldormann, Old English aldormon, Old English aldormonn, Old English aldryman (rare), Old English aldurmon (Anglian), Old English alldormonn (Northumbrian, rare), Old English eadermen (plural, transmission error), Old English eadorman (transmission error), Old English ealdarman (rare), Old English ealdermann, Old English ealdormonn, Old English ealdurmann (rare), Old English ealldormonn (rare), Old English eoldormannum (dative plural, perhaps transmission error), Old English galdermonnum (dative plural, transmission error), Old English haldormon (Northumbrian, rare), Old English haldormonn (Northumbrian, rare), Old English (chiefly Mercian)–early Middle English aldermon, Old English–early Middle English aldorman, Old English–early Middle English ealdormann, Old English–early Middle English ealdormon, Old English–early Middle English (1600s– historical) ealderman, Old English–early Middle English 1600s– ealdorman, Old English– alderman Brit. /ˈɔːldəmən/, /ˈɒldəmən/, /ˈaldəmən/, U.S. /ˈɔldərmən/, /ˈɑldərmən/, /ˈældərmən/ (now rare), late Old English ældorman, late Old English eældermæn (plural), late Old English eældermen (plural), late Old English eældormæn, late Old English eældorman, late Old English eældormon, late Old English ealdereman, late Old English ealdorma (transmission error), early Middle English alderemen (plural), early Middle English alderrmann ( Ormulum), early Middle English aldyrmann, early Middle English allderrmann ( Ormulum), early Middle English ealdermon, Middle English aldreman (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English aldurmanne, Middle English heldarman, 1500s aldermanne, 1800s eorlderman. Origin: Probably a word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Probably cognate with or formed similarly to Old Frisian aldermon head of a district or town, counsellor of an abbot (see note) < the Germanic base of alder n.² + the Germanic base of man n.¹ Compare post-classical Latin aldermannus royal official or nobleman (from late 10th cent. in British sources; < Old English). Compare later alderman n. and the post-classical Latin and Anglo-Norman parallels cited at that entry. The word was revived in antiquarian and historical use in sense 1 in the late 16th cent., originally in the form in which it was still current (see alderman n.), but from the 17th cent. onwards also in its Old English (West Saxon) form ealdorman, which is now the usual form.It is possible that the first element of Old Frisian aldermon represents the reflex of the Germanic base of elder n.³ rather than the Germanic base of alder n.², although it shows no variants with initial e- (compare discussion of Old Frisian alder at alder n.²). Compare Middle Dutch ouderman senior member of a municipal council, master of a guild (Dutch ouderman , olderman ), Middle Low German ōlderman , also elderman , alderman senior member of a municipal or ecclesiastical corporation or institution, master of a guild (German regional (Low German) Öllermann ). These appear to be compounds of the respective cognates of older n. or elder n.³, but perhaps ultimately reflect an inherited Germanic compound of the base of alder n.² with substitution of the first element. (Old Icelandic ǫldurmaðr , Old Swedish alderman , Old Danish alderman , olderman , all in sense ‘man of rank, master of a guild, etc.’, are probably after the Middle Low German.) Folk-etymological explanations of the first element of the word as showing old adj. or elder adj. are found already from the 12th cent. (see quot. c1175 at sense 1), and this presumed derivation is apparently alluded to in some of the later uses in sense 2 (compare e.g. quots. 1440, 1619). Compare discussion at alder n.² Compare also early Middle English eldreneman ruler, count, with alteration of the first element after eldrene, genitive plural of elder n.³:a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1873) 2nd Ser. 55 On him rixleð lichamliche wil, alse eldrene man [L. dux] on his burh. In form eorlderman apparently influenced by Old English eorl earl n. (compare sense 2 at that entry). The word also occurs early in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds and place names; compare Ældremanestone, Berkshire (1086; now Aldermaston) and also the following:OE Bounds (Sawyer 1031) in J. E. B. Gover et al. Place-names Herts. (1938) 313 Fram gilmere to þæs ealdermannes mere, fram þæs eldermannes mere into merdene.lOE Bounds (Sawyer 273) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 540 Westewearð oð ðæs ealdærmannæs mearcæ, andland þæs ealdermannæs mearcæ oð ðiccan þornæs. historical in later use. 1. In Anglo-Saxon England: a man who rules over a large area or a shire, usually subject to the king. Also used as a title placed immediately before (and in Old English also immediately after) a name.In Anglo-Saxon England, the word, in its widest sense, denotes a nobleman, of lower rank than a king but higher than a thegn, occasionally of royal birth, exercising authority over an identifiable area or people (cf. ealdordom n.). The precise political implications of the term changed over time.In early Anglo-Saxon England, the word could refer to persons of quasi-regal status as well as those of considerably lesser power. Later, esp. in 9th-cent. Wessex, the word developed a specific sense denoting the chief royal officer in a shire. As such, the term refers to an office conferred by the king rather than inherited by its holder. (Compare the development of the office of the shire-reeve or sheriff n., which subsequently replaced that of the ealdorman in some of its functions.) In the 10th cent., the power of ealdormen increased and often extended to several shires and even formerly independent kingdoms. As such, their rank was equivalent to that of earl (see earl n. 2), the distinction originally being that earls held power in the Danelaw. However, in the first half of the 11th cent., the rank of earl was generally extended to areas outside the Danelaw and replaced the rank of ealdorman. The terms ealdorman and earl are therefore partly synonymous, and in Old English historical sources they are to some extent used interchangeably (cf. quot. eOE² and also quot. OE at ealdordom n. 1b).In Anglo-Saxon Latin sources, the rank corresponds to different Latin titles, including comes (see count n.², comes n.) and praefectus prefect n., but is frequently and increasingly rendered by dux (see duke n.), which occasionally also occurs in this sense in English contexts. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior Anglo-Saxon official ealdormaneOE society > society and the community > social class > nobility > [noun] > noble person or man > exercising authority under king ealdormaneOE eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 495 Her cuomon twegen aldormen [lOE Laud ealdormen] on Bretene, Cerdic & Cynric his sunu, mid .v. scipum. eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 845 Ealchstan biscep & Osric aldorman [OE Tiber. B.iv dux, lOE Domitian A.viii eorl] mid Dornsætum gefuhton æt Pedridan muþan wiþ deniscne here. eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 893 Þa gegaderode Æþered ealdormon & Æþelm ealdorman & Æþelnoþ ealdorman & þa cinges þegnas þe þa æt ham æt þæm geweorcum wæron. OE Laws of Edgar (Nero A.i) iii. v. §2. 202 Þær beo on ðære scire biscop & se ealdorman, & þær ægðer tæcan ge Godes riht ge woruldriht. lOE Charter: Bp. Æðelwold to Ælfwine (Sawyer 1376) in A. J. Robertson Anglo-Saxon Charters (1956) 110 Ðonne wes ðises gehwerfes to gewitnesse Eadward cining & Aþelwold biscop & Æþælmær ealdorman & Æþelgar abbod. lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1036 Sume men sædon be Harolde þet he wære Cnutes sunu cynges & Ælfgiue Ælfelmes dohtor ealdormannes. c1175 ( Leges Edwardi Confessoris: Version 3 (Paris) xxxii. §3 in F. Liebermann Gesetze der Angelsachsen (1903) I. 655 Sicut modo uocantur greue qui super alios prefecturas habent, ita apud Anglos antiquitus uocabantur alderman, quasi seniores, non propter senectutem.., sed propter sapientiam. a1300 (?OE) Royal Charter: Edward the Confessor to Waltham Abbey (Sawyer 1036) in J. M. Kemble Codex Diplomaticus (1846) IV. 158 Ærest in Angrices burne to ealdermannes hæcce to ðær cynges hæcce. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 33 Brightnothus, aldermanne, erle, or duke, of northumberlande. a1601 W. Lambarde Archion (1635) 246 Before the divisions of the Realmes into Shirs, every large territory had an Alderman, or Governour. 1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor ii. iii. 218 The Bishop of the Diocesse and Ealdorman usd to sit in the Turne. 1696 J. Tyrrell Gen. Hist. Eng. I. v. 262 At which Agreement Burherd King of the Mercians..was present..with divers other Bishops, Abbots and Ealdormen. 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. App. i. 93 The Aldermen, or governors of counties, who after the Danish times, were often called Earls. 1771 J. Bentham Hist. & Antiq. Church of Ely I. 83 He is styled by different Historians, Alderman, Dux, and Comes. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 76 After the Danish conquest, the title of Ealdorman was changed for that of Earl. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest I. iii. 75 The chieftains of the first settlers in our island bore no higher title than Ealdorman or Heretoga. 1887 G. P. Fisher Hist. Christian Church iv. ii. 155 In England separate councils were held, at which princes and ealdormen were present. 1906 J. A. Fairlie Local Govt. in Counties, Towns, & Villages i. i. 5 The ealdorman represented the extinct royalty in the earlier kingdoms. 1955 G. Smith Constit. & Legal Hist. Eng. ii. 20 Before the Norman Conquest, the pillars of government and law in the shires were the ealdorman or earl, the sheriff, and the bishop. 1978 P. Montagu-Smith in R. Buckle U & non-U Revisited 23 There are 200 or so Earls, representing by far the oldest grade of the peerage, with a history going back to the pre-Conquest Ealdormans. 2009 Tamworth Herald (Nexis) 17 Dec. She was married to Aethelred, the Ealdorman of West Mercia, the only part of the once mighty Kingdom of Mercia that had not fallen into Danish hands. †2. gen. A chief, a prince, a ruler, esp. in a foreign country (cf. alder n.² 2); (also) an elder. Obsolete.In Old English also used to render a number of specific Latin titles, as e.g. architriclinus architricline n. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior ealdormanOE seniorc1380 elder1382 seneka1400 ancient1534 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: John ii. 8 Haurite nunc et ferte archetriclino : birleð uel dæleð nu uel sona & brengeð ðæm aldormen [OE West Saxon Gospels: Corpus Cambr. þære drihte ealdre]. OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) xx. 25 Ealdormenn [L. principes] wealdað hyra þeoda & þa ðe synt yldran habbað anweald on him. OE tr. Pseudo-Apuleius Herbarium (Vitell.) (1984) xc. 128 Ðas wyrte þe man millefoliu[m] & on ure geþeode gearwe nemneþ, ys sæd þæt Achilles se ealdorman hy findan scolde. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 14061 Son se þatt brid gume comm Þatt allderrmann himm seȝȝde. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 712 Numbert hehte þe alder-mon [c1300 Otho þe man] þe sculde þas ernde don. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 313 Tiberius..exilede [many of þe] aldermen [i.e. of the senators]. Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 9 Aldyrmann, Aldirmannus, senior. a1557 J. Cheke tr. Gospel St. Matthew (1843) xxvii. 1 Al ye hedpriestes and ye aldermen of y^e people, took councel again Jesus. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) l. 691 Aungells & Arcangells..And alle Aldermen þat bene ante tronum. 1619 E. M. Bolton tr. Florus Rom. Hist. i. i. 9 The councell of estate should belong to the old, and ancient, who for their authoritie should be called Fathers, and for their antiquitie, Senators, or Aldermen. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.eOE
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