droughtdrouthn.

Brit.

/draʊt/, U.S.

/draʊt/, Scottish English

/druθ/

Forms: α. Old English drúgað, -oð, Middle English ( Orm.) druhhþe, Middle English druȝþe, drouhþe, droȝþe, Middle English droughþe, drouȝth, 1500s–1700s drougth, 1600s–1700s droughth; Middle English–1600s drouthe, Middle English drowþe, Middle English–1700s drowth, (1500s droutht), Middle English– drouth (now dialect or arch). β. Middle English druȝt(e, Middle English droȝt(e, drohut, Middle English drouȝt(e, Middle English–1500s droght(e, drught, Middle English droughte, drowghte, drouht, drowte, Middle English– drought.

Etymology: Old English drúgað , -oð , < drúg- stem of drýge dry n. Compare Dutch droogte, < droog dry. From an early period the final -th after ȝ varied with -t (compare highth, height < Old English híehþu), and this form is established in standard English, while drouth, drowth has continued in Scottish and northern dialects, and is often used by English poets.

a. The condition or quality of being dry; dryness, aridity, lack of moisture. archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [noun] > aridity or lack of moisture

droughta1100

dryness1398

drytha1533

squalora1637

aritude1656

aridness1731

aridity1796

α.

a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 317/24 Siccitas, drugað, oððe hæð.

c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 17 It bryngiþ vnkindly drowþe to woundis.

1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 91 The drouth of the ground.

a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 48 The Heat, Coldness, Drowth, Moisture..of Air.

1833 Ld. Tennyson Fatima 13 I look'd athwart the burning drouth Of that long desert to the south.

1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. I. 68/1 Grubs..which die, the moment they tumble out of the nut-shell and its comfortable drouth.

β. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iv. iii. 81 Droughte and moysture ben contrary.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6365 Ne for na drught, ne for na wat.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 133/2 Drowte, siccitas.1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health clxi. 134 Old Doues for their..drought and hardnesse of digestion, are to be eschewed.1643 J. Lightfoot Handfull Gleanings Exod. 28 Called Horeb, from the rocky drought of it.1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 27 Drought, a driness.

b. figurative. (With quot. 1652 cf. dry adj. 15.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > want of or incapacity for emotion

dryheada1300

lethargyc1380

drynessc1450

dumping1542

unsensibility1551

insensibleness?1555

unsensibleness?1555

stupidity1568

stolidity1570

stupor1570

dumpishness1574

senselessness1577

innaturality1579

astoniedness1580

impassibility1603

stupefaction1603

torpor1607

deadness1611

unsufferance1611

hebetude1621

nonsense1621

drought1622

hebetation1623

obstupefaction1625

unanswerableness1626

tastelessnessa1631

insensateness1646

impassiveness1648

obtuseness1648

barrenness1655

torpulency1657

sterility1661

spiritlessness1669

unspiritedness1669

unaffectedness1678

insensibility1691

stolidness1727

apathy1742

impenetrableness1747

unfeelingness1766

impassivity1794

unfeeling1805

soullessness1811

incommobility1822

obtusity1823

unimpressibleness1830

hardhead1836

stockishness1837

insensitiveness1838

impenetrability1847

unreceptivity1849

unsusceptibility1850

woodenness1854

unimpressionability1862

irresponsiveness1864

unresponsiveness1869

impassibleness1874

irreceptivity1881

unimpressibility1889

apatheia1893

inemotivity1894

affectlessness1921

insensitivity1957

1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 203 The great drought that we suffer in our soules.

1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 29 The sluce..that feeds the drouth of his text.

1652 J. Hall tr. Longinus Περι Ὑψους 6 All men naturally aim at high things, and ambitiously avoid the imputation of drought or weaknesse.

1872 G. MacDonald Wilfrid Cumbermede I. xxviii. 286 ‘I daresay’, returned Charley, with drought.

2. spec. Dryness of the weather or climate; lack of rain. (The current sense.) absolute drought, partial drought (see quot. 1963).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun]

droughtc1175

dryc1200

dryth1571

rainlessness1848

α.

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8626 Forr þatt te land wass driȝȝedd all & scorrcnedd þurrh þe druhhþe.

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 524 Ne hete, ne no harde forst, vmbre ne droȝþe.

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 108 In tyme of drouȝth.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xvii (contents) A greate drouth & derth in Elias tyme.

1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces viii. 247 There happen'd..a mighty Drowth in the beginning of the Summer.

1865 A. C. Swinburne In Time of Revol. 22 The tender dew after drouth.

β. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2348 So sal drugte ðe feldes deren.c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2 Whan that Aueryll w^t his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote.?a1500 Metr. Prov. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 323 After droght commyth rayne..after rayne, Commyth drought agayne.1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cx. 28 As, in a drought, the thirsty creatures cry, And gape upon the gather'd clowds for rain.1727 J. Thomson Summer 44 Streams unfailing in the Summer's Drought.1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) v. 148 Subject to occasional and prolonged droughts.1881 G. J. Symons in British Rainfall 1880 112 (1) ‘Absolute Droughts’, or all periods of 14 or more consecutive days absolutely without rain; and (2) ‘Partial Droughts’, or all periods of 28 days or upwards in which the total fall was less than a quarter of an inch.1899 Daily News 12 June 7/2 With all the dry weather we had last year there was not one case of an absolute drought in London.1963 Meteorol. Gloss (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 4) 83 An ‘absolute drought’ is a period of at least 15 consecutive days, to none of which is credited 0·01 in., or 0·2 mm, or more of rainfall. A ‘partial drought’ is a period of at least 29 consecutive days, the mean daily rainfall of which does not exceed 0·01 in., or 0·2 mm.figurative.a1627 T. Middleton Chast Mayd in Cheape-side (1630) v. 60 A drouth of Vertue, And dearth of all repentance.1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 95 The drowth, and scorching heat of persecution.1876 L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 4 A secret spring of joy, Which mocked the droughts of Fate.

†3. Dry or parched land, desert. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > waterless

droughta1000

dryheada1300

drynessa1398

carbuncle1577

jornada1828

thirst-land1878

dry land1893

thirst-country1895

thirst1906

dry1909

dust-bowl1936

a1000 Lambeth Psalter 189 a, 21 Bearn Israela eodon þurh drugoþe.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 273 To South the Persian Bay, And inaccessible the Arabian drouth .

4. Thirst. archaic and dialect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > [noun]

thirstc1000

dry1377

drought1393

thirstingc1500

drynessa1535

dryth1557

thirstiness1583

thirst-longing?1617

droughtiness1720

a spark in one's throat1721

α.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvi. 253 Whenne þow clomsest for colde oþer clyngest for drouthe.

a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 181 Off wyne..Thai drank tua quartis..Off droucht sic axis did thame strene.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. liii He called for drynke..one of hys chambrelaynes meruellynge, requyred the cause of hys drouth.

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 325 His Carcass, pin'd with hunger and with droughth .

1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus 63 I am taking it off to quench my Droughth.

1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 82/2 That burning drowth of the mind, which kept you waking.

1855 R. Browning De Gustibus ii Where the baked cicalas die of drouth.

β. 1588 Losses Spanish Navy in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 52 Their flesh meat they cannot eat, their drought is so great.1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 560 Feeling himself afflicted with a vehement Drought.1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. xvi. 301 I now asked..[for] something to slake my drought.

Compounds

General attributive.

† drought-numen adj. Obsolete

ΚΠ

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2107 .vii. lene [eares]..Welkede and smale & drugte numen [= drought-seized].

drought-parched adj.

ΚΠ

1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 169 That I may wet my drought-parch'd mind.

drought-proof adj.

ΚΠ

1936 I. L. Idriess Cattle King xxxvi. 314 He hoped in time with bores to make it drought-proof.

drought-resistant adj.

ΚΠ

1952 New Biol. 13 41 Drought-resistant tetraploid types.

drought-resisting adj.

ΚΠ

1916 Nature 15 June 333/2 Special drought-resisting wheats.

1927 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents (ed. 2) 54 Drought-resisting bushes.

drought-stricken adj.

ΚΠ

1881 W. D. Hay 300 Years Hence ii. 34 Drought-stricken Indian districts.

1890 Daily News 1 Oct. 2/6 They traversed the same drought-stricken plain.

1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby ii. 28 Especially in drought-stricken districts.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	drought
释义	droughtdrouthn. Brit. /draʊt/, U.S. /draʊt/, Scottish English /druθ/ Forms: α. Old English drúgað, -oð, Middle English ( Orm.) druhhþe, Middle English druȝþe, drouhþe, droȝþe, Middle English droughþe, drouȝth, 1500s–1700s drougth, 1600s–1700s droughth; Middle English–1600s drouthe, Middle English drowþe, Middle English–1700s drowth, (1500s droutht), Middle English– drouth (now dialect or arch). β. Middle English druȝt(e, Middle English droȝt(e, drohut, Middle English drouȝt(e, Middle English–1500s droght(e, drught, Middle English droughte, drowghte, drouht, drowte, Middle English– drought. Etymology: Old English drúgað , -oð , < drúg- stem of drýge dry n. Compare Dutch droogte, < droog dry. From an early period the final -th after ȝ varied with -t (compare highth, height < Old English híehþu), and this form is established in standard English, while drouth, drowth has continued in Scottish and northern dialects, and is often used by English poets. 1. a. The condition or quality of being dry; dryness, aridity, lack of moisture. archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > liquid > dryness > [noun] > aridity or lack of moisture droughta1100 dryness1398 drytha1533 squalora1637 aritude1656 aridness1731 aridity1796 α. a1100 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 317/24 Siccitas, drugað, oððe hæð. c1400 Lanfranc's Cirurg. 17 It bryngiþ vnkindly drowþe to woundis. 1658 J. Evelyn tr. N. de Bonnefons French Gardiner 91 The drouth of the ground. a1687 W. Petty Polit. Anat. Ireland (1691) 48 The Heat, Coldness, Drowth, Moisture..of Air. 1833 Ld. Tennyson Fatima 13 I look'd athwart the burning drouth Of that long desert to the south. 1846 W. S. Landor Imaginary Conversat. in Wks. I. 68/1 Grubs..which die, the moment they tumble out of the nut-shell and its comfortable drouth. β. 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) iv. iii. 81 Droughte and moysture ben contrary.a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 6365 Ne for na drught, ne for na wat.c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 133/2 Drowte, siccitas.1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health clxi. 134 Old Doues for their..drought and hardnesse of digestion, are to be eschewed.1643 J. Lightfoot Handfull Gleanings Exod. 28 Called Horeb, from the rocky drought of it.1727 W. Mather Young Man's Compan. (ed. 13) 27 Drought, a driness. b. figurative. (With quot. 1652 cf. dry adj. 15.) ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > absence of emotion > [noun] > want of or incapacity for emotion dryheada1300 lethargyc1380 drynessc1450 dumping1542 unsensibility1551 insensibleness?1555 unsensibleness?1555 stupidity1568 stolidity1570 stupor1570 dumpishness1574 senselessness1577 innaturality1579 astoniedness1580 impassibility1603 stupefaction1603 torpor1607 deadness1611 unsufferance1611 hebetude1621 nonsense1621 drought1622 hebetation1623 obstupefaction1625 unanswerableness1626 tastelessnessa1631 insensateness1646 impassiveness1648 obtuseness1648 barrenness1655 torpulency1657 sterility1661 spiritlessness1669 unspiritedness1669 unaffectedness1678 insensibility1691 stolidness1727 apathy1742 impenetrableness1747 unfeelingness1766 impassivity1794 unfeeling1805 soullessness1811 incommobility1822 obtusity1823 unimpressibleness1830 hardhead1836 stockishness1837 insensitiveness1838 impenetrability1847 unreceptivity1849 unsusceptibility1850 woodenness1854 unimpressionability1862 irresponsiveness1864 unresponsiveness1869 impassibleness1874 irreceptivity1881 unimpressibility1889 apatheia1893 inemotivity1894 affectlessness1921 insensitivity1957 1622 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue i. 203 The great drought that we suffer in our soules. 1642 J. Milton Apol. Smectymnuus 29 The sluce..that feeds the drouth of his text. 1652 J. Hall tr. Longinus Περι Ὑψους 6 All men naturally aim at high things, and ambitiously avoid the imputation of drought or weaknesse. 1872 G. MacDonald Wilfrid Cumbermede I. xxviii. 286 ‘I daresay’, returned Charley, with drought. 2. spec. Dryness of the weather or climate; lack of rain. (The current sense.) absolute drought, partial drought (see quot. 1963). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > dry weather or climate > [noun] droughtc1175 dryc1200 dryth1571 rainlessness1848 α. c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 8626 Forr þatt te land wass driȝȝedd all & scorrcnedd þurrh þe druhhþe. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 524 Ne hete, ne no harde forst, vmbre ne droȝþe. c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 108 In tyme of drouȝth. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Kings xvii (contents) A greate drouth & derth in Elias tyme. 1673 W. Temple Observ. United Provinces viii. 247 There happen'd..a mighty Drowth in the beginning of the Summer. 1865 A. C. Swinburne In Time of Revol. 22 The tender dew after drouth. β. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2348 So sal drugte ðe feldes deren.c1405 (c1387–95) G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2 Whan that Aueryll w^t his shoures soote The droghte of March hath perced to the roote.?a1500 Metr. Prov. in T. Wright & J. O. Halliwell Reliquiæ Antiquæ (1845) I. 323 After droght commyth rayne..after rayne, Commyth drought agayne.1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 cx. 28 As, in a drought, the thirsty creatures cry, And gape upon the gather'd clowds for rain.1727 J. Thomson Summer 44 Streams unfailing in the Summer's Drought.1883 H. Drummond Nat. Law in Spiritual World (1884) v. 148 Subject to occasional and prolonged droughts.1881 G. J. Symons in British Rainfall 1880 112 (1) ‘Absolute Droughts’, or all periods of 14 or more consecutive days absolutely without rain; and (2) ‘Partial Droughts’, or all periods of 28 days or upwards in which the total fall was less than a quarter of an inch.1899 Daily News 12 June 7/2 With all the dry weather we had last year there was not one case of an absolute drought in London.1963 Meteorol. Gloss (Meteorol. Office) (ed. 4) 83 An ‘absolute drought’ is a period of at least 15 consecutive days, to none of which is credited 0·01 in., or 0·2 mm, or more of rainfall. A ‘partial drought’ is a period of at least 29 consecutive days, the mean daily rainfall of which does not exceed 0·01 in., or 0·2 mm.figurative.a1627 T. Middleton Chast Mayd in Cheape-side (1630) v. 60 A drouth of Vertue, And dearth of all repentance.1640 T. Fuller Joseph's Coat 95 The drowth, and scorching heat of persecution.1876 L. Morris Epic of Hades ii. 4 A secret spring of joy, Which mocked the droughts of Fate. †3. Dry or parched land, desert. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [noun] > barren land or desert > waterless droughta1000 dryheada1300 drynessa1398 carbuncle1577 jornada1828 thirst-land1878 dry land1893 thirst-country1895 thirst1906 dry1909 dust-bowl1936 a1000 Lambeth Psalter 189 a, 21 Bearn Israela eodon þurh drugoþe. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iii. 273 To South the Persian Bay, And inaccessible the Arabian drouth . View more context for this quotation 4. Thirst. archaic and dialect. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > thirst > [noun] thirstc1000 dry1377 drought1393 thirstingc1500 drynessa1535 dryth1557 thirstiness1583 thirst-longing?1617 droughtiness1720 a spark in one's throat1721 α. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xvi. 253 Whenne þow clomsest for colde oþer clyngest for drouthe. a1513 W. Dunbar Poems (1998) I. 181 Off wyne..Thai drank tua quartis..Off droucht sic axis did thame strene. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VII f. liii He called for drynke..one of hys chambrelaynes meruellynge, requyred the cause of hys drouth. 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 325 His Carcass, pin'd with hunger and with droughth . View more context for this quotation 1702 S. Parker tr. Cicero Five Bks. De Finibus 63 I am taking it off to quench my Droughth. 1726 G. Leoni tr. L. B. Alberti Architecture II. 82/2 That burning drowth of the mind, which kept you waking. 1855 R. Browning De Gustibus ii Where the baked cicalas die of drouth. β. 1588 Losses Spanish Navy in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 52 Their flesh meat they cannot eat, their drought is so great.1705 G. Stanhope Paraphr. Epist. & Gospels II. 560 Feeling himself afflicted with a vehement Drought.1847 H. Miller First Impressions Eng. xvi. 301 I now asked..[for] something to slake my drought. Compounds General attributive. † drought-numen adj. Obsolete ΚΠ a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 2107 .vii. lene [eares]..Welkede and smale & drugte numen [= drought-seized]. drought-parched adj. ΚΠ 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes Comedies I. 169 That I may wet my drought-parch'd mind. drought-proof adj. ΚΠ 1936 I. L. Idriess Cattle King xxxvi. 314 He hoped in time with bores to make it drought-proof. drought-resistant adj. ΚΠ 1952 New Biol. 13 41 Drought-resistant tetraploid types. drought-resisting adj. ΚΠ 1916 Nature 15 June 333/2 Special drought-resisting wheats. 1927 W. G. Kendrew Climates of Continents (ed. 2) 54 Drought-resisting bushes. drought-stricken adj. ΚΠ 1881 W. D. Hay 300 Years Hence ii. 34 Drought-stricken Indian districts. 1890 Daily News 1 Oct. 2/6 They traversed the same drought-stricken plain. 1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby ii. 28 Especially in drought-stricken districts. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1000
随便看	shoot off a tie shoot off one's mouth shoot on shoot on fire shoot one's belly, bowels shoot one's bolt shoot one's cookies shoot one's cuffs shoot one's cuffs or formerly linen shoot one's cuffs or linen shoot one's eyes shoot one's grandmother shoot one's load shoot one's mouth off shoot one's roe shoot one's wad shoot one's way shoot oneself in the foot shoot out shoot out of the way shoot over shoot over or to shoot over or to a dog shoot pool shoot short