droven.

Brit.

/drəʊv/, U.S.

/droʊv/

Forms: Old English dræf- (inflected form), Old English–early Middle English (in a copy of an Old English charter) draf, Middle English drafe (northern), Middle English draffe (northern), Middle English drawe (northern), Middle English drofe, Middle English droof, Middle English drowe, Middle English (1800s English regional, in compounds) drof, Middle English–1600s droue, Middle English– drove, 1500s draue (Scottish), 1500s droave, 1700s– drave (Scottish), 1800s drauve (Somerset), 1900s– dreef (Scottish (Orkney)). See also drave n.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of drive v. (the same ablaut grade is shown by the Old English 1st and 3rd singular indicative past tense form drāf).The Old English by-form drǣf- shows i-mutation of the stem vowel (compare dreve v.²). In early use frequent in place names, especially minor names (compare sense 2a), as e.g. Bradedrave , Hilmarton, Wiltshire (c1220); compare attestation as a boundary marker in an Anglo-Saxon charter in quot. lOE at sense 2a. Compare also post-classical Latin drova (from 12th cent. in British sources in sense 2a; < English). In sense 3 perhaps a back-formation from droving n.²

I. Senses relating to driving a person or animal on or away.

†1. The action of driving a person from a place. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) lxviii. 26 Be gesiðcundes monnes dræfe of londe.

OE Blickling Homilies 199 He þa se fear þæs hyrdes drafe forhogode.

2. Chiefly in the Fens.

a. An unenclosed road or track formerly used for driving cattle or other livestock.Cf. drove road n., drove way n.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > along which cattle are driven

drovelOE

drove way1235

driftway1611

drift1686

drove road1740

lOE Bounds (Sawyer 427) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 409 Of þam hlince andlang drafæ on þonæ hlinc æt wad dænæ.

1664–5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. II c. 11 §13 Libertie..to passe and repasse upon any..Drove or Droves in or compassing the said Fenns.

1749 Act 22 George II c. 11 in Statutes at Large (1765) XIX. 278 From thence cross a drove called Rumbald's Drove, along by the side of the adjacent high lands, to a place called Somersham Meadow Dike.

1829 H. D. Best Personal & Lit. Mem. 456 The major rode in the middle of the Drove (so our fen roads are called).

1893 S. Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Zita I. iv. 58 [In the Fens] there is no material of which roads can be made. In place of roads there are ‘droves’.

1945 Soil Conservation Dec. 136/1 Hundreds of miles of concrete roads have been laid to give access to areas which formerly could only have been reached over soft peat ‘droves’ impassable for wheeled vehicles in winter and very rough going even in summer.

2001 F. Pryor Flag Fen Basin iii. 47/1 The boundary role of many Fengate droves was probably of equal importance to their ‘main’ function as routes along which livestock were driven.

†b. A channel for drainage or irrigation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch

dikec893

gripa1000

ditch1045

fosselOE

water-furrowlOE

sow1316

furrowc1330

rick1332

sewer1402

gripplec1440

soughc1440

grindle1463

sheugh1513

syre1513

rain?1523

trench1523

slough1532

drain1552

fowsie?1553

thorougha1555

rean1591

potting1592

trink1592

syver1606

graft1644

work1649

by-ditch1650

water fence1651

master drain1652

rode1662

pudge1671

gripe1673

sulcus1676

rhine1698

rilling1725

mine1743

foot trench1765

through1777

trench drain1779

trenchlet1782

sunk fence1786

float1790

foot drain1795

tail-drain1805

flow-dike1812

groopa1825

holla1825

thorough drain1824

yawner1832

acequia madre1835

drove1844

leader1844

furrow-drain1858

1844 C. MacFarlane Camp of Refuge I. 44 Droves or cuts to carry off the increase of water towards the Wash.

1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 67 Many droves, leams, eaus, and drains were cut.

3. Australian and New Zealand. The action or an act of driving animals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > droving

drift1540

droving1633

drive1837

drovership1838

drovering1850

drove1905

1905 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 8 Nov. 82/3 He had ridden veteran horses, real old jumbuck stagers, to a standstill on a long drove, and yet he could go on.

1935 N. Hunt House of David 127 Rowel now engaged a reliable drover and outfit and, superintending from time to time himself the ‘drove’, he brought..those Queensland shorthorns on to his run.

2011 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 22 June (Horse Mag.) 16 Working with horses and dogs was the biggest pleasure of the long droves.

II. A large group of animals or people.

a. A herd or flock of cattle, sheep, etc., esp. one which is being driven from one place to another. Now somewhat rare.Quot. 1994 is from a historical novel set in the 19th cent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock > of domestic animals

herda1000

droveOE

flock1340

drift?c1450

town herd1605

OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 284 Þa het se halga wer þæt heo [sc. the cow] gewende to þære heorde, and heo, swa bilewite swa scep, beah to þære dræfe.

OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1016 Hi drifon ægþer ge scipu ge hyra drafa into Medwæge.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 181 Whanne he went hom eche niȝt wiþ is droue of bestis.

?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 38^v A Draffe [1483 BL Add. 89074 Drawe] of nowte, armentum.

1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 300 They go..with theyr droues of cattayle.

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 27 He had also, gathered together, as it were in a droave, much cattel.

1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 115 Market day, when great droves of little Horses, laden with sacks of Corn, allways resorted to the Town.

1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. iii. 31 He passed a drove of sheep.

1989 R. Behar in A. Lavrin Sexuality & Marriage in Colonial Latin Amer. (1992) 184 Her husband, a mestizo like her and the owner of a drove of beasts of burden, had beaten her so badly that he had made her bleed.

1994 P. O'Brian Commodore (1996) ix. 257 Square heaved them gently aside with his shoulder, opening a path as through a drove of oxen.

b. In extended use. A large number of people or animals, esp. one which is moving together as a group; a crowd; a multitude. In later use chiefly in plural, as in droves of people, people came in (their) droves.In quot. 1692 as part of an extended metaphor.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals

lathingc897

sameningc950

gatheringc1000

ymongOE

droveOE

companya1275

routc1300

assembly1330

queleta1382

sembly1389

parliamenta1400

sankinga1400

concoursec1440

riotc1440

ensemblyc1500

unity1543

resorta1557

congress1639

resemblance1662

boorach1704

group1711

parade1722

assemblage1742

roll-up1861

agora1886

OE Wulfstan Sermo ad Anglos (Nero) (1957) 271 Oft twegen sæmæn oððe þry hwilum drifað þa drafe cristenra manna fram sæ to sæ.

a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 102 It mai ben hoten heuene rof: It hiled al ðis werldes drof.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. viii. sig. Kk5^v Proteus..Along the fomy waues driuing his finny droue.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 51 In draues as it war, returnes to thair awne cuntrey.

1607 S. Hieron Good Fight in Wks. (1620) I. 230 That olde popish rule, to follow the droue, and to beleeue as the church beleeueth.

1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. iv. 108 Then a great drove of Heresies and Immoralities broke loose among them.

1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 173 The Welchmen came in by Droves.

1856 G. M. Dallas Let. 25 July in Series Lett. from London (1869) 68 Droves of foreign fighters are rushing to Nicaragua; belligerents throng to hiss and shout at every public gathering.

1991 Blitz Sept. 10/2 Band members and buskers..queuing in their droves for a chance to play one of the Commitments.

2014 Variety (Nexis) 9 Dec. (Biz section) A celeb-studded soiree that draws..droves of A-list talent.

III. A tool for working stone.

5. A broad chisel used by stonemasons; a boaster (boaster n.²). Cf. drove v.³

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > for cutting stone or brick

tool1727

point1728

drove1825

prick1837

boaster1842

bolster1908

1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Drove, the broadest iron used by a mason in hewing stones.

1881 L. H. Morgan Contrib. N. Amer. Ethnol. 180 It shows no marks of the chisel or the drove.

1943 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 47 191 The Greek stone-cutter evidently used the drove on large plane surfaces where its width would expedite the work of smoothing.

1987 Hesperia 56 229 Traces of various chisels and droves of differing widths were identified.

2002 T. F. C. Blagg Rom. Archit. Ornam. Brit. ii. 12/1 The drove is a broad-bladed chisel with a cutting edge of between 3 and 6 cm.

Compounds

C1. General use as a modifier (chiefly in sense 4a).

ΚΠ

1737 Applebee's Orig. Weekly-Jrnl. 8 Jan. Mr. Freland, a Gentleman Farmer at Turnham-Green, who kept the great Drove-House there, died suddenly in his Chair as he was smoaking his Pipe.

1838 J. Bosworth Dict. Anglo-Saxon Lang. 681/2 A drove-man, cattle keeper.

1865 C. Kingsley Hereward xxi, in Good Words June 420/1 He sprang up the drove-dyke.

1926 A. A. B. Apsley Amateur Settlers 118 Drove routes over the roadless, unmapped cattle country.

1943 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 47 191 Drove marks appear not only on stelae but on bases, thrones, and tiles.

2020 Times (Nexis) 6 June The old drove track crests the spine of the Preseli Hills.

C2.

drove road n. a road or track formerly used for driving cattle or other livestock, and having free right of way for this; cf. sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > along which cattle are driven

drovelOE

drove way1235

driftway1611

drift1686

drove road1740

1740 Stamford Mercury 10 Apr. (advt.) A very good Grasing Farm... Fit for a Grasier, or any person who has a mind to take in Drove Cattle, the Drove Road out of Yorkshire and other Places adjacent lying between the Grounds.

1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 14 189 The drove-road passed at no great distance.

1895 Daily News 1 Oct. 6/3 The drove road in Southern Scotland is the way once used by drovers..from the extreme north.

2000 J. Burnett Riot, Revelry & Rout vi. 120 At Selkirk a drove road passed one end of the racecourse.

drove way n. an unenclosed road or track formerly used for driving cattle or other livestock; = sense 2a.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > along which cattle are driven

drovelOE

drove way1235

driftway1611

drift1686

drove road1740

1235–52 in C. J. Elton Rentalia et Custumaria (1891) 44 Philippus Bal tenet vij acras et quoddam iter quod vocatur Drofwei.

1580 in A. H. Smith et al. Papers N. Bacon of Stiffkey (1983) II. 139 One acre 1 rode in East Feilde by the northe parte of the northe drove waie.

1664–5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. II c. 11 §22 The twoe Drove wayes in the said Fenns called the North drove and South drove.

1726 Laws of Sewers 181 Whereby Drove Ways, Bridges &c...shall be obstructed.

1881 All Year Round 14 May 153/2 We have known an instance of one [sc. a snake] disputing with a horseman the path on a high fen droveway; raising itself erect from the grass, swaying and hissing.

2018 Oxoniensia 83 203 Animals were kept closer to settlements than before, thus enclosures and droveways kept the animals away from buildings and funnelled stock traffic away from crops and hay meadows.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† drovev.¹

Forms:

α. Middle English drof, Middle English droue, Middle English drove, Middle English druuyd (past participle), Middle English druvyd (past participle).

β. Middle English drovy, Middle English druuy.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: drof adj.

Etymology: < drof adj. (compare Middle English droue ). In the β. forms probably showing alteration after druvy adj. Compare earlier dreve v.¹Past participle forms in -yd such as druuyd, druvyd at α. forms could alternatively reflect β. forms, especially in MSS of Rolle's works.

Obsolete.

1. transitive. To trouble or disturb (someone or something). Cf. droving n.¹, druvy adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)]

to-wendc893

mingeOE

dreveOE

angerc1175

sturb?c1225

worec1225

troublec1230

sturble1303

disturbc1305

movea1325

disturblec1330

drubblea1340

drovec1350

distroublec1369

tempestc1374

outsturba1382

unresta1382

stroublec1384

unquietc1384

conturb1393

mismaya1400

unquemea1400

uneasec1400

discomfita1425

smite?a1425

perturbc1425

pertrouble?1435

inquiet1486

toss1526

alter1529

disquiet1530

turmoil1530

perturbate1533

broil1548

mis-set?1553

shake1567

parbruilyiec1586

agitate1587

roil1590

transpose1594

discompose1603

harrow1609

hurry1611

obturb1623

shog1636

untune1638

alarm1649

disorder1655

begruntlea1670

pother1692

disconcert1695

ruffle1701

tempestuate1702

rough1777

caddle1781

to put out1796

upset1805

discomfort1806

start1821

faze1830

bother1832

to put aback1833

to put about1843

raft1844

queer1845

rattle1865

to turn over1865

untranquillize1874

hack1881

rock1881

to shake up1884

to put off1909

to go (also pass) through a phase1913

to weird out1970

c1350 in Anglia (1906) 29 403 ‘In þe est his stern we se, And to bidde him come we.’ Herand Herod droued is þo.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11974 His moder mode wald he noght droue.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) vi. §2. 22 Druuyd ere all my banes.

2. intransitive. To become murky or gloomy. Cf. druvy adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > become cloudy or overcast [verb (intransitive)]

domle1340

trouble1390

drovea1400

overcastc1475

cloud1555

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24418 Ouer al þe werld ne was bot night, Al droued and wex dime.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

drovev.²

Brit.

/drəʊv/, U.S.

/droʊv/

Inflections: Past tense and past participle droved, drove;

Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by back-formation. Etymons: drove n., drover n.

Etymology: Either directly < drove n., or a back-formation < drover n. Compare earlier droving n.²The following apparently shows a transmission error for drive v. (rather than, as assumed in N.E.D. (1897), a much earlier example of sense 2):1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 459 Baptista the Coach-man, an Indian Negro drouing out at the Sea-gate. In Australian use, besides regular droved , the unchanged form drove occurs in the past participle and past tense (in the latter case coinciding with the past tense of drive v.): compare quots. 1956 at sense 1, 1976 at sense 2.

1. transitive. To drive (cattle or other livestock), esp. to market, typically over a long distance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > herd

herdc1475

travel1576

pastor1587

drove1776

flog1793

tail1844

work1878

work1879

trail1906

1776 D. Graham Turnimspike in Nightingale 193 First when her to the Lawlands came, Nainsell was droving cows, man.

1881 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 61 Scores of highly born and bred men live by droving cattle.

1930 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 5 Apr. 30/2 Mr. R. T. Batley, a sheep farmer, then a youth, saw steam rising in strong volume from the mountain while he was droving cattle and sheep across the Rangipo Desert.

1933 A. J. Cotton With Big Herds in Aust. 83 By the methods described, cattle can be droved seven to eight miles a day.

1956 A. C. C. Lock Trop. Tapestry 225 At one stage he and his brother drove cattle to the Bendigo goldfields.

2010 R. D. Clements Aussie Rogue (e-book ed.) vi. 27 When you are droving sheep you feed them along the way and usually travel about six miles a day.

2. intransitive. To drive cattle or other livestock, esp. to market, typically over a long distance; to work as a drover.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (intransitive)] > herd

herd1768

drove1805

looker1887

trail1906

1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 328 Persons who drove to a considerable extent ought to have funds or friends of their own to be security for them.

1858 Berks. Chron. 23 Jan. 5/3 He usually received a trifling commission, with which, and what he earned ‘droving’, he managed to exist.

1916 Corryong (Victoria, Austral.) Courier 21 Dec. One who sometimes droves for a living had been speaking in a vein of disparagement of ‘Our Boys’, seeking to make light of what they had to go through, and much of what some here at home had to do themselves.

1976 G. Hall Rhymes from Rivers 17 For twenty long years I have drove round the runs, Met bushfires and freshes and floods.

1996 Sunday Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 3 Nov. 90 No one's droving much anymore with the beef prices falling.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

drovev.³

Brit.

/drəʊv/, U.S.

/droʊv/

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: drove n.

Etymology: < drove n. (compare drove n. 5). Compare earlier droved adj.

transitive. To dress (stone), esp. in parallel lines, using a drove (drove n. 5); to cut or hew in this way.

ΚΠ

1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXII. at Masonry Broached work is first droved and then broached.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 519 The workman will not take the same pains to drove the face of a stone which is to be afterwards broached.

2010 A. Chessell Coldstream Building Snippets ii. 27 The wall includes some reused and rather worn stones that have been droved and stugged.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : † drofdroveadj.

n.eOE

v.¹c1350

v.²1776

v.³1819

单词	drove
释义	droven. Brit. /drəʊv/, U.S. /droʊv/ Forms: Old English dræf- (inflected form), Old English–early Middle English (in a copy of an Old English charter) draf, Middle English drafe (northern), Middle English draffe (northern), Middle English drawe (northern), Middle English drofe, Middle English droof, Middle English drowe, Middle English (1800s English regional, in compounds) drof, Middle English–1600s droue, Middle English– drove, 1500s draue (Scottish), 1500s droave, 1700s– drave (Scottish), 1800s drauve (Somerset), 1900s– dreef (Scottish (Orkney)). See also drave n. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: < an ablaut variant (o -grade) of the Germanic base of drive v. (the same ablaut grade is shown by the Old English 1st and 3rd singular indicative past tense form drāf).The Old English by-form drǣf- shows i-mutation of the stem vowel (compare dreve v.²). In early use frequent in place names, especially minor names (compare sense 2a), as e.g. Bradedrave , Hilmarton, Wiltshire (c1220); compare attestation as a boundary marker in an Anglo-Saxon charter in quot. lOE at sense 2a. Compare also post-classical Latin drova (from 12th cent. in British sources in sense 2a; < English). In sense 3 perhaps a back-formation from droving n.² I. Senses relating to driving a person or animal on or away. †1. The action of driving a person from a place. Obsolete. ΚΠ eOE Laws of Ine (Corpus Cambr. 173) lxviii. 26 Be gesiðcundes monnes dræfe of londe. OE Blickling Homilies 199 He þa se fear þæs hyrdes drafe forhogode. 2. Chiefly in the Fens. a. An unenclosed road or track formerly used for driving cattle or other livestock.Cf. drove road n., drove way n. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > along which cattle are driven drovelOE drove way1235 driftway1611 drift1686 drove road1740 lOE Bounds (Sawyer 427) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 409 Of þam hlince andlang drafæ on þonæ hlinc æt wad dænæ. 1664–5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. II c. 11 §13 Libertie..to passe and repasse upon any..Drove or Droves in or compassing the said Fenns. 1749 Act 22 George II c. 11 in Statutes at Large (1765) XIX. 278 From thence cross a drove called Rumbald's Drove, along by the side of the adjacent high lands, to a place called Somersham Meadow Dike. 1829 H. D. Best Personal & Lit. Mem. 456 The major rode in the middle of the Drove (so our fen roads are called). 1893 S. Baring-Gould Cheap Jack Zita I. iv. 58 [In the Fens] there is no material of which roads can be made. In place of roads there are ‘droves’. 1945 Soil Conservation Dec. 136/1 Hundreds of miles of concrete roads have been laid to give access to areas which formerly could only have been reached over soft peat ‘droves’ impassable for wheeled vehicles in winter and very rough going even in summer. 2001 F. Pryor Flag Fen Basin iii. 47/1 The boundary role of many Fengate droves was probably of equal importance to their ‘main’ function as routes along which livestock were driven. †b. A channel for drainage or irrigation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > ditching or drainage > [noun] > ditch dikec893 gripa1000 ditch1045 fosselOE water-furrowlOE sow1316 furrowc1330 rick1332 sewer1402 gripplec1440 soughc1440 grindle1463 sheugh1513 syre1513 rain?1523 trench1523 slough1532 drain1552 fowsie?1553 thorougha1555 rean1591 potting1592 trink1592 syver1606 graft1644 work1649 by-ditch1650 water fence1651 master drain1652 rode1662 pudge1671 gripe1673 sulcus1676 rhine1698 rilling1725 mine1743 foot trench1765 through1777 trench drain1779 trenchlet1782 sunk fence1786 float1790 foot drain1795 tail-drain1805 flow-dike1812 groopa1825 holla1825 thorough drain1824 yawner1832 acequia madre1835 drove1844 leader1844 furrow-drain1858 1844 C. MacFarlane Camp of Refuge I. 44 Droves or cuts to carry off the increase of water towards the Wash. 1861 S. Smiles Lives Engineers I. 67 Many droves, leams, eaus, and drains were cut. 3. Australian and New Zealand. The action or an act of driving animals. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [noun] > droving drift1540 droving1633 drive1837 drovership1838 drovering1850 drove1905 1905 Otago Witness (Dunedin, N.Z.) 8 Nov. 82/3 He had ridden veteran horses, real old jumbuck stagers, to a standstill on a long drove, and yet he could go on. 1935 N. Hunt House of David 127 Rowel now engaged a reliable drover and outfit and, superintending from time to time himself the ‘drove’, he brought..those Queensland shorthorns on to his run. 2011 Weekly Times (Austral.) (Nexis) 22 June (Horse Mag.) 16 Working with horses and dogs was the biggest pleasure of the long droves. II. A large group of animals or people. 4. a. A herd or flock of cattle, sheep, etc., esp. one which is being driven from one place to another. Now somewhat rare.Quot. 1994 is from a historical novel set in the 19th cent. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > animals collectively > [noun] > herd or flock > of domestic animals herda1000 droveOE flock1340 drift?c1450 town herd1605 OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 284 Þa het se halga wer þæt heo [sc. the cow] gewende to þære heorde, and heo, swa bilewite swa scep, beah to þære dræfe. OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.i) anno 1016 Hi drifon ægþer ge scipu ge hyra drafa into Medwæge. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 181 Whanne he went hom eche niȝt wiþ is droue of bestis. ?c1475 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 15562) f. 38^v A Draffe [1483 BL Add. 89074 Drawe] of nowte, armentum. 1555 R. Eden tr. S. von Herberstein Rerum moscouiticarum commentarii in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 300 They go..with theyr droues of cattayle. 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 27 He had also, gathered together, as it were in a droave, much cattel. 1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xi. 115 Market day, when great droves of little Horses, laden with sacks of Corn, allways resorted to the Town. 1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. iii. 31 He passed a drove of sheep. 1989 R. Behar in A. Lavrin Sexuality & Marriage in Colonial Latin Amer. (1992) 184 Her husband, a mestizo like her and the owner of a drove of beasts of burden, had beaten her so badly that he had made her bleed. 1994 P. O'Brian Commodore (1996) ix. 257 Square heaved them gently aside with his shoulder, opening a path as through a drove of oxen. b. In extended use. A large number of people or animals, esp. one which is moving together as a group; a crowd; a multitude. In later use chiefly in plural, as in droves of people, people came in (their) droves.In quot. 1692 as part of an extended metaphor. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > an assemblage or collection > [noun] > of people or animals lathingc897 sameningc950 gatheringc1000 ymongOE droveOE companya1275 routc1300 assembly1330 queleta1382 sembly1389 parliamenta1400 sankinga1400 concoursec1440 riotc1440 ensemblyc1500 unity1543 resorta1557 congress1639 resemblance1662 boorach1704 group1711 parade1722 assemblage1742 roll-up1861 agora1886 OE Wulfstan Sermo ad Anglos (Nero) (1957) 271 Oft twegen sæmæn oððe þry hwilum drifað þa drafe cristenra manna fram sæ to sæ. a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 102 It mai ben hoten heuene rof: It hiled al ðis werldes drof. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. viii. sig. Kk5^v Proteus..Along the fomy waues driuing his finny droue. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 51 In draues as it war, returnes to thair awne cuntrey. 1607 S. Hieron Good Fight in Wks. (1620) I. 230 That olde popish rule, to follow the droue, and to beleeue as the church beleeueth. 1692 J. Washington tr. J. Milton Def. People Eng. iv. 108 Then a great drove of Heresies and Immoralities broke loose among them. 1720 D. Defoe Mem. Cavalier 173 The Welchmen came in by Droves. 1856 G. M. Dallas Let. 25 July in Series Lett. from London (1869) 68 Droves of foreign fighters are rushing to Nicaragua; belligerents throng to hiss and shout at every public gathering. 1991 Blitz Sept. 10/2 Band members and buskers..queuing in their droves for a chance to play one of the Commitments. 2014 Variety (Nexis) 9 Dec. (Biz section) A celeb-studded soiree that draws..droves of A-list talent. III. A tool for working stone. 5. A broad chisel used by stonemasons; a boaster (boaster n.²). Cf. drove v.³ ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > cutting tool > chisel > [noun] > for cutting stone or brick tool1727 point1728 drove1825 prick1837 boaster1842 bolster1908 1825 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. Sc. Lang. Suppl. Drove, the broadest iron used by a mason in hewing stones. 1881 L. H. Morgan Contrib. N. Amer. Ethnol. 180 It shows no marks of the chisel or the drove. 1943 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 47 191 The Greek stone-cutter evidently used the drove on large plane surfaces where its width would expedite the work of smoothing. 1987 Hesperia 56 229 Traces of various chisels and droves of differing widths were identified. 2002 T. F. C. Blagg Rom. Archit. Ornam. Brit. ii. 12/1 The drove is a broad-bladed chisel with a cutting edge of between 3 and 6 cm. Compounds C1. General use as a modifier (chiefly in sense 4a). ΚΠ 1737 Applebee's Orig. Weekly-Jrnl. 8 Jan. Mr. Freland, a Gentleman Farmer at Turnham-Green, who kept the great Drove-House there, died suddenly in his Chair as he was smoaking his Pipe. 1838 J. Bosworth Dict. Anglo-Saxon Lang. 681/2 A drove-man, cattle keeper. 1865 C. Kingsley Hereward xxi, in Good Words June 420/1 He sprang up the drove-dyke. 1926 A. A. B. Apsley Amateur Settlers 118 Drove routes over the roadless, unmapped cattle country. 1943 Amer. Jrnl. Archaeol. 47 191 Drove marks appear not only on stelae but on bases, thrones, and tiles. 2020 Times (Nexis) 6 June The old drove track crests the spine of the Preseli Hills. C2. drove road n. a road or track formerly used for driving cattle or other livestock, and having free right of way for this; cf. sense 2a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > along which cattle are driven drovelOE drove way1235 driftway1611 drift1686 drove road1740 1740 Stamford Mercury 10 Apr. (advt.) A very good Grasing Farm... Fit for a Grasier, or any person who has a mind to take in Drove Cattle, the Drove Road out of Yorkshire and other Places adjacent lying between the Grounds. 1823 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 14 189 The drove-road passed at no great distance. 1895 Daily News 1 Oct. 6/3 The drove road in Southern Scotland is the way once used by drovers..from the extreme north. 2000 J. Burnett Riot, Revelry & Rout vi. 120 At Selkirk a drove road passed one end of the racecourse. drove way n. an unenclosed road or track formerly used for driving cattle or other livestock; = sense 2a. ΘΚΠ society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > [noun] > along which cattle are driven drovelOE drove way1235 driftway1611 drift1686 drove road1740 1235–52 in C. J. Elton Rentalia et Custumaria (1891) 44 Philippus Bal tenet vij acras et quoddam iter quod vocatur Drofwei. 1580 in A. H. Smith et al. Papers N. Bacon of Stiffkey (1983) II. 139 One acre 1 rode in East Feilde by the northe parte of the northe drove waie. 1664–5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. II c. 11 §22 The twoe Drove wayes in the said Fenns called the North drove and South drove. 1726 Laws of Sewers 181 Whereby Drove Ways, Bridges &c...shall be obstructed. 1881 All Year Round 14 May 153/2 We have known an instance of one [sc. a snake] disputing with a horseman the path on a high fen droveway; raising itself erect from the grass, swaying and hissing. 2018 Oxoniensia 83 203 Animals were kept closer to settlements than before, thus enclosures and droveways kept the animals away from buildings and funnelled stock traffic away from crops and hay meadows. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † drovev.¹ Forms: α. Middle English drof, Middle English droue, Middle English drove, Middle English druuyd (past participle), Middle English druvyd (past participle). β. Middle English drovy, Middle English druuy. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: drof adj. Etymology: < drof adj. (compare Middle English droue ). In the β. forms probably showing alteration after druvy adj. Compare earlier dreve v.¹Past participle forms in -yd such as druuyd, druvyd at α. forms could alternatively reflect β. forms, especially in MSS of Rolle's works. Obsolete. 1. transitive. To trouble or disturb (someone or something). Cf. droving n.¹, druvy adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > state of being upset or perturbed > upset or perturb [verb (transitive)] to-wendc893 mingeOE dreveOE angerc1175 sturb?c1225 worec1225 troublec1230 sturble1303 disturbc1305 movea1325 disturblec1330 drubblea1340 drovec1350 distroublec1369 tempestc1374 outsturba1382 unresta1382 stroublec1384 unquietc1384 conturb1393 mismaya1400 unquemea1400 uneasec1400 discomfita1425 smite?a1425 perturbc1425 pertrouble?1435 inquiet1486 toss1526 alter1529 disquiet1530 turmoil1530 perturbate1533 broil1548 mis-set?1553 shake1567 parbruilyiec1586 agitate1587 roil1590 transpose1594 discompose1603 harrow1609 hurry1611 obturb1623 shog1636 untune1638 alarm1649 disorder1655 begruntlea1670 pother1692 disconcert1695 ruffle1701 tempestuate1702 rough1777 caddle1781 to put out1796 upset1805 discomfort1806 start1821 faze1830 bother1832 to put aback1833 to put about1843 raft1844 queer1845 rattle1865 to turn over1865 untranquillize1874 hack1881 rock1881 to shake up1884 to put off1909 to go (also pass) through a phase1913 to weird out1970 c1350 in Anglia (1906) 29 403 ‘In þe est his stern we se, And to bidde him come we.’ Herand Herod droued is þo. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 11974 His moder mode wald he noght droue. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) vi. §2. 22 Druuyd ere all my banes. 2. intransitive. To become murky or gloomy. Cf. druvy adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > become cloudy or overcast [verb (intransitive)] domle1340 trouble1390 drovea1400 overcastc1475 cloud1555 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 24418 Ouer al þe werld ne was bot night, Al droued and wex dime. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online December 2021). drovev.² Brit. /drəʊv/, U.S. /droʊv/ Inflections: Past tense and past participle droved, drove; Origin: Either (i) formed within English, by conversion. Or (ii) formed within English, by back-formation. Etymons: drove n., drover n. Etymology: Either directly < drove n., or a back-formation < drover n. Compare earlier droving n.²The following apparently shows a transmission error for drive v. (rather than, as assumed in N.E.D. (1897), a much earlier example of sense 2):1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 459 Baptista the Coach-man, an Indian Negro drouing out at the Sea-gate. In Australian use, besides regular droved , the unchanged form drove occurs in the past participle and past tense (in the latter case coinciding with the past tense of drive v.): compare quots. 1956 at sense 1, 1976 at sense 2. 1. transitive. To drive (cattle or other livestock), esp. to market, typically over a long distance. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (transitive)] > herd herdc1475 travel1576 pastor1587 drove1776 flog1793 tail1844 work1878 work1879 trail1906 1776 D. Graham Turnimspike in Nightingale 193 First when her to the Lawlands came, Nainsell was droving cows, man. 1881 Gentleman's Mag. Jan. 61 Scores of highly born and bred men live by droving cattle. 1930 Evening Post (Wellington, N.Z.) 5 Apr. 30/2 Mr. R. T. Batley, a sheep farmer, then a youth, saw steam rising in strong volume from the mountain while he was droving cattle and sheep across the Rangipo Desert. 1933 A. J. Cotton With Big Herds in Aust. 83 By the methods described, cattle can be droved seven to eight miles a day. 1956 A. C. C. Lock Trop. Tapestry 225 At one stage he and his brother drove cattle to the Bendigo goldfields. 2010 R. D. Clements Aussie Rogue (e-book ed.) vi. 27 When you are droving sheep you feed them along the way and usually travel about six miles a day. 2. intransitive. To drive cattle or other livestock, esp. to market, typically over a long distance; to work as a drover. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > animal keeping practices general > herding, pasturing, or confining > [verb (intransitive)] > herd herd1768 drove1805 looker1887 trail1906 1805 R. Forsyth Beauties Scotl. II. 328 Persons who drove to a considerable extent ought to have funds or friends of their own to be security for them. 1858 Berks. Chron. 23 Jan. 5/3 He usually received a trifling commission, with which, and what he earned ‘droving’, he managed to exist. 1916 Corryong (Victoria, Austral.) Courier 21 Dec. One who sometimes droves for a living had been speaking in a vein of disparagement of ‘Our Boys’, seeking to make light of what they had to go through, and much of what some here at home had to do themselves. 1976 G. Hall Rhymes from Rivers 17 For twenty long years I have drove round the runs, Met bushfires and freshes and floods. 1996 Sunday Mail (Queensland, Austral.) (Nexis) 3 Nov. 90 No one's droving much anymore with the beef prices falling. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). drovev.³ Brit. /drəʊv/, U.S. /droʊv/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: drove n. Etymology: < drove n. (compare drove n. 5). Compare earlier droved adj. transitive. To dress (stone), esp. in parallel lines, using a drove (drove n. 5); to cut or hew in this way. ΚΠ 1819 A. Rees Cycl. XXII. at Masonry Broached work is first droved and then broached. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. ii. iii. 519 The workman will not take the same pains to drove the face of a stone which is to be afterwards broached. 2010 A. Chessell Coldstream Building Snippets ii. 27 The wall includes some reused and rather worn stones that have been droved and stugged. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022). > see also also refers to : † drofdroveadj. < n.eOEv.¹c1350v.²1776v.³1819 see also
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droven.

Compounds

† drovev.1

drovev.2

drovev.3

> see also

† drovev.¹

drovev.²

drovev.³