dunkeladj.n.

Brit.

/ˈdʌŋkl/, U.S.

/ˈdəŋk(ə)l/

Forms: 1800s– dunkel, 1900s– dunkle (rare).

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German dunkel.

Etymology: < German dunkel dark (especially in Dunkelbier kind of dark lager, lit. ‘dark beer’ (19th cent. or earlier), reflected by dunkel beer). With use as noun compare German Dunkel (shortened < the compound Dunkelbier) and also Dunkles, in the same sense (short for the phrase dunkles Bier).German dunkel dark (Middle High German tunkel, dunkel, Old High German tunkal) is cognate with Old Dutch dunkal (Middle Dutch donkel), and also (with a variant of the suffix) Old Dutch dunkar (in names; Middle Dutch, Dutch donker), Old Saxon dunkar (Middle Low German dunker), a derivative (with different ablaut: zero-grade) < the same Germanic base as Old Icelandic dǫkkr, Swedish diunker (Swedish regional (eastern) djonk), further etymology uncertain, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Hittite dankui dark. Compare also Old Frisian diunk and (in late texts) diunker dark, (legally) obscure.

A. adj. (attributive).

Designating a type of dark-coloured lager of a style originating in Bavaria, typically of moderate bitterness and strength. Chiefly in dunkel beer.

ΚΠ

1891 Musical Courier (N.Y.) 9 Dec. 723/3 He tripped away and in a moment or two was doing his level best to get on the outside of a dunkel beer.

1923 Argus (Melbourne) 27 Sept. 5/3 All around were the German families and couples, drinking their dunkel beer.

1998 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (Nexis) 9 May 9 The malt flavor profile is not as heavy nor as complex as many Dunkel lagers from Germany.

2013 J. Holl Amer. Craft Beer Cookbk. 208 As hearty, flavorful, and satisfying as the dunkel beer they're paired with, the lamb shanks in this recipe [etc.].

B. n.

Lager of this type; a variety of this.

ΚΠ

1908 Washington Post 14 June (Miscellany section) 3/3 He drank just five gallons and two pints of dunkel—and then swooned away.

1952 Irish Times 22 Mar. 6/1 A dinner which might include chicken, trout and roast swan, washed down by a stein of dunkel.

1995 Coffee Jrnl. Autumn 16/3 Sprecher Black Bavarian is a malty, complexly flavored dark brown beer brewed in the style of a Kulmbacher dunkel.

2013 J. Wiebe Craft Beer Revol. 44 Dunkels are not very well known here, but this slightly sweet dark lager is exactly what you'd find on tap in Germany.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	dunkel
释义	dunkeladj.n. Brit. /ˈdʌŋkl/, U.S. /ˈdəŋk(ə)l/ Forms: 1800s– dunkel, 1900s– dunkle (rare). Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German dunkel. Etymology: < German dunkel dark (especially in Dunkelbier kind of dark lager, lit. ‘dark beer’ (19th cent. or earlier), reflected by dunkel beer). With use as noun compare German Dunkel (shortened < the compound Dunkelbier) and also Dunkles, in the same sense (short for the phrase dunkles Bier).German dunkel dark (Middle High German tunkel, dunkel, Old High German tunkal) is cognate with Old Dutch dunkal (Middle Dutch donkel), and also (with a variant of the suffix) Old Dutch dunkar (in names; Middle Dutch, Dutch donker), Old Saxon dunkar (Middle Low German dunker), a derivative (with different ablaut: zero-grade) < the same Germanic base as Old Icelandic dǫkkr, Swedish diunker (Swedish regional (eastern) djonk), further etymology uncertain, perhaps < the same Indo-European base as Hittite dankui dark. Compare also Old Frisian diunk and (in late texts) diunker dark, (legally) obscure. A. adj. (attributive). Designating a type of dark-coloured lager of a style originating in Bavaria, typically of moderate bitterness and strength. Chiefly in dunkel beer. ΚΠ 1891 Musical Courier (N.Y.) 9 Dec. 723/3 He tripped away and in a moment or two was doing his level best to get on the outside of a dunkel beer. 1923 Argus (Melbourne) 27 Sept. 5/3 All around were the German families and couples, drinking their dunkel beer. 1998 Daily Yomiuri (Tokyo) (Nexis) 9 May 9 The malt flavor profile is not as heavy nor as complex as many Dunkel lagers from Germany. 2013 J. Holl Amer. Craft Beer Cookbk. 208 As hearty, flavorful, and satisfying as the dunkel beer they're paired with, the lamb shanks in this recipe [etc.]. B. n. Lager of this type; a variety of this. ΚΠ 1908 Washington Post 14 June (Miscellany section) 3/3 He drank just five gallons and two pints of dunkel—and then swooned away. 1952 Irish Times 22 Mar. 6/1 A dinner which might include chicken, trout and roast swan, washed down by a stein of dunkel. 1995 Coffee Jrnl. Autumn 16/3 Sprecher Black Bavarian is a malty, complexly flavored dark brown beer brewed in the style of a Kulmbacher dunkel. 2013 J. Wiebe Craft Beer Revol. 44 Dunkels are not very well known here, but this slightly sweet dark lager is exactly what you'd find on tap in Germany. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1891
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