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单词 dub
释义

dubn.1

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/, Scottish English /dʌb/
Forms: Also 1500s doubbe, dubbe, 1500s–1600s dubb; see also dib n.2
Etymology: Of uncertain origin. It has been compared with Danish dyb adjective, deep, noun, deep, abyss; but this being a relatively recent representation of Old Norse djúp, can hardly be connected.
Scottish and northern dialect.
1. A muddy or stagnant pool; a small pool of rain water in a road; a puddle. (Chiefly Scottish)
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > lake > small body or puddle > [noun]
plashlOE
pulkc1300
pludc1325
puddlec1390
sumpa1450
flush1487
dub?a1513
plashet1575
pool1596
slab1610
pudge1671
flodge1696
pant1807
pothole1867
push1886
splashet1896
a1513 W. Dunbar Ballat Abbot of Tungland in Poems (1998) I. 59 Thre dayis in dub amang the dukis He did with dirt him hyde.
1513 G. Douglas in tr. Virgil Æneid vii. Prol. 54 The..stretis..Full of fluschis, doubbis, myre and clay.
1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 145 Ouir dykes and dubis, sykes and seuches thay sould spang and leip.
1790 R. Burns Tam o' Shanter in Poems & Songs (1968) II. 559 Tam skelpit on thro' dub and mire.
1886 R. L. Stevenson Kidnapped xxiv. 243 Here's a dub for ye to jump.
2. A deep dark pool in a river or stream (northern dialect).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > water > rivers and streams > system > [noun] > pool as part of
weelc897
poolOE
dub1535
linn1577
potc1650
waterhole1688
plumbc1780
swimming hole1867
black hole1869
water pit1881
swilly-hole1890
swim-hole1924
1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) III. 264 Siclike the Scottis, on the tother syde, Arrayit war thair battell for to byde..Ane mos also vpoun the tother syde, With mony dubbis that war bayth deip and wyde.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Dub, a small pool of water; a piece of deep and smooth water in a rapid river.
1883 Kendal Mercury 12 Oct. 5/3 In the neighbourhood of Tebay salmon are in the various favourite dubs in immense numbers.
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 4/1 During summer and when the water becomes low the fish congregate in deep ‘dubs’.

Compounds

dub-skelper n. one who runs through the ‘dubs’, ‘a rambling fellow’ (Jamieson).
ΚΠ
1823 W. Scott St. Ronan's Well III. ii. 31 I'll warrant it's some idle dub-skelper..coming after some o' yoursells.
1825 J. T. Brockett Gloss. North Country Words Dub-skelper, bog-trotter; applied to the borderers.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

† dubn.2

Etymology: < dub v.1 5.
Angling. Obsolete.
An artificial fly: also dub-fly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of
moor flylOE
drake-flya1450
dub-flya1450
dun cut1496
dun fly1496
louper1496
red fly1616
moorish fly1635
palmer1653
palmer fly1653
red hackle1653
red palmer1653
shell-fly1653
orange fly1662
blackfly1669
dun1676
dun hackle1676
hackle1676
mayfly1676
peacock fly1676
thorn-tree fly1676
turkey-fly1676
violet-fly1676
whirling dun1676
badger fly1681
greenfly1686
moorish brown1689
prime dun1696
sandfly1700
grey midge1724
whirling blue1747
dun drake?1758
death drake1766
hackle fly1786
badger1787
blue1787
brown-fly1787
camel-brown1787
spinner1787
midge1799
night-fly1799
thorn-fly1799
turkey1799
withy-fly1799
grayling fly1811
sun fly1820
cock-a-bondy1835
brown moth1837
bunting-lark fly1837
governor1837
water-hen hackle1837
Waterloo fly1837
coachman1839
soldier palmer1839
blue jay1843
red tag1850
canary1855
white-tip1856
spider1857
bumble1859
doctor1860
ibis1863
Jock Scott1866
eagle1867
highlander1867
jay1867
John Scott1867
judge1867
parson1867
priest1867
snow-fly1867
Jack Scott1874
Alexandra1875
silver doctor1875
Alexandra fly1882
grackle1894
grizzly queen1894
heckle-fly1897
Zulu1898
thunder and lightning1910
streamer1919
Devon1924
peacock1950
a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 6 How ye schall make your hokes of steyl & of osmonde som for þe dub & som for þe flote.
a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 20 Yf ye se..þe trowyt or the graylyng lepe, angle to hym with a dub accordyng to the same moneth.
1681 J. Chetham Angler's Vade Mecum ii. 10 Your Line for Dub-fly, Cast-fly, or Artificial fly.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

dubn.3

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/
Forms: Also 1500s dubbe.
Etymology: Mainly onomatopoeic (compare dub-a-dub , rub-a-dub ); but having connections with dub v.2
1. A beat of a drum; the sound of a drum when beaten. Cf. dub-a-dub n.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound of instruments > [noun] > sound of drums
tuck of druma1500
dubc1572
dub-a-dub1582
tucking1632
drumming1663
beat1672
vellum thunder1716
rattan1764
hub a dub1777
drum1810
drum beat1817
tom-tomming1833
bum-bum1844
rataplan1846
tom-tom1863
tattooing1871
tumming1882
tan-tan1893
c1572 G. Gascoigne Dulce Bellum iii, in Posies sig. Hi They..Who followe Drummes before they knowe the dubbe.
1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie xliii. 140 That drummes with deadly dub, may counteruayle the blast.
1710 E. Ward Vulgus Britannicus: 3rd Pt. 86 Before the Masters of the Dub..Advanc'd a Red-fac'd squabby Fellow.
1816 M. Keating Trav. (1817) I. 321 The sullen dub of two drums beaten with crooked sticks.
2. A blow struck as in drumming. rare.
ΚΠ
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. i. 61 As skilful Coopers hoop their Tubs, With Lydian and with Phrygian Dubs; Why may not Whipping have as good A Grace, perform'd in time and mood?
3. A short blunt dull-sounding thrust or blow.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow > and dull
thump1552
bump1582
dousea1600
dousta1627
dub1837
duff1866
1837 N. Hawthorne Twice-told Tales II. xix. 271 Jotting down each dull footstep with a melancholy dub of his staff.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dubn.4

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/
Etymology: < Telugu dabba.
East India.
‘A small copper coin, value 20 cash’ (Yule).
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > coins of Indian subcontinent
fanam1555
St. Thomas' coin1559
pardao1582
seraphin1582
chequina1587
pagody1588
pagoda1598
tanga1598
mahmudi1612
rupee1612
mohur1614
tola1614
lakh1615
picec1617
sicca rupee1619
rupee1678
anna1680
cash1711
R1711
star pagoda1741
pie1756
sicca1757
dam1781
dub1781
hun1807
swamy-pagoda1813
chick1842
re1856
paisa1884
naya paisa1956
poisha1974
1781 in Ld. Lindsay Lives Lindsays (1849) III The fanam changes for 11 dubs and 4 cash.
1791 J. Anderson Corr. 43 The Exchange 88 Dubs for one Rupee.
1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Dub..a division of the rupee in Mangalore, also called dudu, equal to about 2½d.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

dubn.5

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/
Etymology: Compare dub v.3
Criminals' slang.
A key, especially one used for picking locks.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > building and constructing equipment > fastenings > [noun] > key > skeleton key or picklock
picklock1567
wrester1591
picklock key1609
gilk1610
gilt1667
ginny1669
dub1699
false key1701
screwa1790
skeleton key1810
twirl1879
skeleton1884
pick1890
twirler1921
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Dub, c. a Pick-lock-key.
1789 G. Parker Life's Painter xv. 153 A bunch of young dubs by her side.
1821 Life D. Haggart 31 We seized him, took the dubs, bound, and gagged him.
1887 W. E. Henley Villon's Good Night (Farmer) You coppers' narks, and dubs, What pinched me when upon the snam.
1923 Chambers's Jrnl. 716/1 I pulled the dub of the outer jigger from his suck.

Derivatives

ˈdubsman n. (or abbrev. dubs) a turnkey, jailer.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun] > jailer
jailerc1290
prisonera1325
officer?1387
claviculer1447
javeler?c1450
key turner1606
baston1607
twistkey1617
prison keeper1623
detainer1647
prison officer1649
turnkey1655
imprisoner1656
phylacist1656
cipier1671
wardsman1683
goodman1698
prison guard1722
screw1812
dungeoner1817
dubsman1839
cell-keeper1841
prison warder1854
warder1855
dubs1882
twirl1891
hack1914
correction officer1940
1839 W. H. Ainsworth Jack Sheppard I. ii. xii. 348 Oh! give me a chisel, a knife, or a file, And the dubsmen shall find that I'll do it in style!
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dubn.6

Etymology: Perhaps related to dub v.1 11, dubbed adj. 4.
slang (originally U.S.).
One who is inexperienced or unskilful at anything; a duffer, fool.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > person of weak intellect > confused, muddled person > [noun]
mafflardc1450
juffler15..
dromedary1567
madbrain1570
batie buma1586
addle-head1592
blunderkin1596
nit1598
addle-pate1601
hash1655
blunderbuss1692
blunderhead1692
shaffles1703
fog-pate1732
blunderer1741
puzzle-pate1761
slouch1767
étourdi1768
botch1769
puddle1782
bumble1789
scatter-brain1790
addle-brain1799
puzzle-head1815
shaffler1828
chowderhead1833
muddlehead1833
muddler1833
flounderer1836
duffer1842
muddle-pate1844
plug1848
incompetent1866
schlemiel1868
dinlo1873
drumble-dore1881
hodmandod1881
dub1887
prune1895
foozler1896
bollock1916
messer1926
Pilot Officer (also P.O.) Prune1942
spaz1965
spastic1981
1887 Courier-Jrnl. (Louisville, Kentucky) 20 Jan. 6/4 Dem dubs is goin' to git it in de neck.
1896 G. Ade Artie i. 4 What kills me off is how all these dubs make their star winnins.
1902 H. L. Wilson Spenders xxx. 353 People can talk all they want to about your bein' just a dub—I won't believe 'em.
1905 Smart Set Oct. 18/1 I've made up my mind that I ain't goin' to keep on bein' a common dub all my life.
1911 H. Quick Yellowstone Nights 43 I was coming on pretty well for a dub.
1916 ‘B. Cable’ Action Front 8 The Schmidt customer crowd didn't need to know a thing about me being here unless he was dub enough to tell 'em.
1921 R. D. Paine Comrades Rolling Ocean vi. 99 He..says the officers are dubs and most of the boys muckers.
1923 J. Manchon Le Slang 111 Dub, tennis, un joueur médiocre.
1931 T. A. Harper Windy Island iii. 122 He was not exactly a dub at Latin and math.
1943 K. Tennant Ride on Stranger xix. 213 Quinlan wasn't such a dub as he looks.
1949 O. Nash Versus 40 The unassuming dub Trying to pick up a Saturday game In the locker room of the club.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

dubn.7

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/, Caribbean English /dʌb/
Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: dub v.5
Etymology: < dub v.5
1. A genre of popular music in which a piece of recorded music (originally and still most commonly reggae) is remixed, typically with some or all of the vocals removed, and a very prominent bassline with a drum rhythm treated with effects such as echo or delay. Also: a piece of music of this style. Frequently as a modifier.Dub originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s where remixed versions of reggae tracks, often with a DJ ‘toasting’ (see toast v.3 2) over them, proved popular at dances and social events. It has subsequently influenced and been incorporated into other genres of music.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [noun] > Jamaican
bluebeat1964
ska1964
rocksteady1967
reggae1968
dub1973
skank1974
roots reggae1976
skanking1976
roots1979
dance hall1982
ragamuffin1986
ragga1990
bashment1996
society > leisure > the arts > music > type of music > pop music > [adjective] > qualities of pop
metal?1518
anthemic1890
Afro-Latin-American1900
sun-kissed1907
heavy1937
Latin American1937
Memphis1938
sun-drenched1943
indie1945
rockish1955
hardcore1957
doo-wop1958
middle of the road1959
Latin1962
straight-ahead1964
easy listening1965
Motown1965
funky1967
post-rock1967
rocky1967
rock-out1968
funkadelic1969
funked out1970
grungy1971
punk1971
grunge1972
Philly1972
dub1973
drum and bass1975
disco funky1976
punkish1976
reggaefied1976
Britpop1977
post-punk1977
anarcho-punk1979
rap1980
trash rock1980
crunchy1981
industrial1981
New Romantic1981
rockist1981
garage1982
hip-hop1982
thrashy1982
urban1982
Gothic1983
hip-hopping1983
beat-box1984
lo-fi1986
technoid1986
hip-house1987
acid house1988
new jack1988
old school1988
techno1988
baggy1990
banging1990
gangsta1990
filthy1991
handbaggy1991
nu skool1991
sampladelic1991
junglist1993
1973 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 10 Jan. 6/5 After much experiment he ended up returning these to the public in the popular ‘dub’ sound.
1975 Black Music June 21/3 He's been collecting some heavy dubs.
1976 Creem June 64/3 The key with dub is spontaneity, the enormously creative sculpting and grafting of whole new counterpoints on records already in existence.
1998 Sunday Tel. 25 Jan. (Review section) 22/8 Ragga and dub were on the sound system.
2014 Wire May 71/4 The first release slated is the discomix of Gregory Isaacs' ‘Mr Know It All’... It's repressed here with its dub version.
2. A type of performance poetry, characterized by a reggae rhythm in delivery and the use of Jamaican English or Jamaican Creole, and originally performed with an accompaniment of dub music (see sense 1). Chiefly as a modifier, as in dub poet, dub poetry, etc.Dub poetry builds on the tradition of the DJ's toast (toast n.3 2) over dub tracks, but is often performed without any musical accompaniment, and dub poets also publish their work in written form.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > recitation of poetry > [noun] > recitation accompanied by jazz or other music
jazz poetry1919
jazzetry1959
dub1976
society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > recitation of poetry > [noun] > recitation accompanied by jazz or other music > one who
dub poet1976
1976 L. K. Johnson in Race & Class Spring 405 Songs of hope in suffering, songs of utter despair, songs of praise, songs of defiance, dread dub-poetry, songs that speak of the historical endurance of the black Jamaican, songs that are as prophetic as they are true—such is the nature of the poetry of Jamaican music.
1982 D. Sutcliffe Brit. Black Eng. ii. 63 Johnson has..brought his poetry to young Black people on record, where it becomes a kind of ‘dub’.
1982 New Musical Express 30 Oct. 19/1 I consider Louise Bennett to be the mother of the young dub poets.
2019 Evening Standard (Nexis) 10 Apr. Zephaniah is one of the foremost writers in Britain, whose dub poetry has been tackling societal issues since the 80s.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2021; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Dubn.8

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/, Irish English /dʌb/
Forms: 1900s– Dub. (with point), 1900s– Dub (without point); also occasionally with lower-case initial.
Origin: Formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymon: Dubliner n.
Etymology: Shortened < Dubliner n. Compare earlier Dubs n.2
colloquial (chiefly Irish English).
A native or inhabitant of Dublin; = Dubliner n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of Europe > the Irish > [noun] > native or inhabitant of Ireland > part of Ireland
Ultagh1649
Corkonian?1770
southern1773
Ultonian1781
Northern Irishman1818
yellowbelly1826
Ulsterman1845
mountainy man1851
Ulsterite1920
Dub1973
1973 Sunday Independent (Ireland) 15 July Don't blame the Dubs., Dermot!..It [sc. an expletive] is used throughout Ireland, so don't blame the Dubs.
2013 Irish Independent (Nexis) 22 Mar. (Features section) 11 He's a London boy..but his mam Sinead came on set for a few days and she's still very Irish, a real Dub.
This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

dubv.1

Brit. /dʌb/, U.S. /dəb/
Forms: Old English dubban, Middle English dubben, Middle English dobb(e, Middle English–1500s dubbe, Middle English dube, Middle English doubbe, dowbe, Middle English–1500s doub(e, Middle English– dub.
Etymology: Appears in English before 1100. Generally supposed to be from Old French, which had in this sense aduber ( Ch. de Rol. 11th cent.), adober, adouber, also (rarer, and apparently only later) duber, douber. The Old French word is Common Romance, Italian addobbare, Old Spanish adobar, Provençal adobar, Old Portuguese adubar; its ulterior derivation is unknown.By Diez it was assumed to be of Germanic origin: there is however no such Germanic verb as dubban to strike, and the Icelandic and Swedish dubba , cited in support of such, are really late words for ‘to dub a knight’, < English or Romanic. East Frisian dubben to strike, seems, like dub v.2, to be a recent onomatopoeic formation. Even the relation of English dub to the Old French word presents difficulties, since the latter would be expected to have been adopted as adub, which is not found till the 15th cent. Branch II is presumably an extension of the same word, though some of the senses are very remote, and are perhaps affected by other associations.
I. To invest with a dignity or title.
1. transitive. To confer the rank of knighthood by the ceremony of striking the shoulder with a sword.
a. (with compl.) to dub (one) a knight (†to a knight).
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > raising to noble rank > ennoble [verb (transitive)] > invest with rank or title > dub (a knight)
dub1085
knighta1300
adub?1473
knightify1682
beknight1794
accolade1843
1085–1123 Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) anno 1085 Se cyng..dubbade his sunu Henric to ridere þær.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11226 Þu..scalt..to cnihte hine dubben [c1300 Otho dobben].
a1300 K. Horn 447 Horn..þu schalt beo dubbed kniȝt.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) i. 31 The kynge Charlemayne..doubed hym to a knyghte.
1559 W. Baldwin et al. Myrroure for Magistrates Suffolk v Whan my Kyng had doubed me a Knight.
1764 S. Foote Mayor of Garret i. 1 Has his majesty dubb'd me a Knight for you to make me a Mister.
1865 C. Kingsley Hereward II. vii. 116 Thou wast dubbed knight in this church.
†b. (with simple obj.) to dub (a knight, etc.).
ΚΠ
13.. K. Alis. 818 Dubbed weore an hundrud knightis.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 1168 Charlis..him self me dobbede riȝt.
c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋693 The swerd that men yeuen first to a knyght whan he is newe dubbed.
1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur Contents xiii. i How..a damoysel..desyred syr launcelot for to come and dubbe a knyght.
1577 R. Stanyhurst Treat. Descr. Irelande vi. f. 22/2, in R. Holinshed Chron. I Hee dubd on Saint Michael the Archangels day: 30. knights.
1596 E. Spenser Second Pt. Faerie Queene vi. ii. sig. Aa7v So he him dubbed, and his Squire did call. View more context for this quotation
1617 in R. F. Williams Birch's Court & Times James I (1849) (modernized text) I. 467 Sir John Smith..was lately knighted..Robin Hatton..was likewise dubbed.
1685 London Gaz. No. 2031/1 [They] were Dub'd by his Grace with the Sword of State.
2. To invest with a dignity or new title. (In later times often mockingly or humorously used.)
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > raising to noble rank > ennoble [verb (transitive)] > invest with rank or title
dubc1330
creea1400
create?1457
dignify1570
title1609
titulado1663
insignize1678
c1330 R. Mannyng Chron. (1810) 331 An abbot..of Scone, þat dubbid þe kyng.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. 7328 He sal be dubbed [Gött. noyntid] king to be.
c1400 Melayne 304 Dubbe hym Duke in my stede.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. i. 82 Since that our brother dubd them gentlewomen. View more context for this quotation
1720 Right of Precedence between Phisicians & Civilians 29 The College..has dubb'd most of us Doctors.
1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace i. vi. 11 A Man of wealth is dubb'd a Man of worth.
1758 G. Washington Writings (1889) II. 6 (note) You are pleased to dub me with a title I have no pretentions to—that is, ye Honble.
1865 M. E. Braddon Only a Clod iv. 22 They'd hardly dub you Esquire.
1893 Church Times 6 Oct. 995/3 The marvel is that he was not dubbed F.R.S.
3. To name, style, nickname; to speak of or set down as: now usually in pleasantry or ridicule.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as
sayOE
calla1250
deemc1400
nevenc1425
qualify?1465
designa1500
expound1530
style1570
read1590
intenda1599
dub1607
instyle1607
phrase1607
enstyle1616
speaka1625
cognominate1632
determine1653
clapa1657
designate1669
intimate1799
nominate1799
bedub1884
tab1924
1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. iv. 175 The reading of homilies, which they dubb with the name of preaching.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry V (1623) ii. ii. 117 To dub thee with the name of Traitor. View more context for this quotation
1693 Humours & Conversat. Town 62 A Condemning-Face..dubs any one an uncontrovertible Critick.
1713 R. Steele Englishman No. 40. 260 A Cobler blacks a Boot..and dubs it La Botte Royalle.
1773 D. Garrick in O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer Prol. You..Pronounce him regular, or dub him quack.
1894 G. R. Sims in My First Bk. 88 Was I to be dubbed a scribbler?
II. To dress; to trim; to crop.
†4.
a. To dress, clothe, array, adorn. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > beautify [verb (transitive)] > ornament
dightc1200
begoa1225
fay?c1225
rustc1275
duba1300
shrouda1300
adorna1325
flourishc1325
apparel1366
depaintc1374
dressa1375
raila1375
anorna1382
orna1382
honourc1390
paintc1390
pare1393
garnisha1400
mensk?a1400
apykec1400
hightlec1400
overfretc1440
exornc1450
embroider1460
repair1484
empare1490
ornate1490
bedo?a1500
purfle?a1500
glorify?1504
betrap1509
broider1509
deck?1521
likelya1522
to set forth1530
exornate1539
grace1548
adornate1550
fardc1550
gaud1554
pink1558
bedeck1559
tight1572
begaud1579
embellish1579
bepounce1582
parela1586
flower1587
ornify1590
illustrate1592
tinsel1594
formalize1595
adore1596
suborn1596
trapper1597
condecorate1599
diamondize1600
furnish1600
enrich1601
mense1602
prank1605
overgreen1609
crown1611
enjewel1611
broocha1616
varnish1641
ornament1650
array1652
bedub1657
bespangle1675
irradiate1717
gem1747
begem1749
redeck1771
blazon1813
aggrace1825
diamond1839
panoply1851
a1300 Cursor Mundi 28014 Yee leuedis..studis hu your hare to heu, hu to dub and hu to paynt.
c1325 Metr. Hom. (1862) 12 He..schop him bodi of hir fleyse And dubbed him wit our liknes.
a1450 Alexander 3447 He gase..vp to þe gilt trone, Dobbed in his diademe & diȝt as be-fore.
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii/1 To Dub the house, exornare, putare.
†b. To ‘stick’ (with ornaments). Obsolete.
ΚΠ
c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (1839) xxii. 24 Covered..of Plate of fyn gold, dubbed with precious stones.
c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 6205 A cloth all of clene gold, Dubbit full of diamondis.
5. Angling. To dress or make up (an artificial fly), or to dress (a hook or line) with a fly.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [verb (transitive)] > dress fly
duba1450
hackle1835
buss1882
undertie1894
a1450 Fysshynge wyth Angle (1883) 33 Thyse ben the xij. flyes wyth whyche ye shall angle to þe trought & grayllyng, and dubbe lyke as ye shall now here me tell.
1675 J. Smith Christian Relig. Appeal i. 65 He who..dubbs his Hook with a counterfeit Fly, will chuse to fish in troubled Waters.
1799 Sporting Mag. 13 31 Dubbed with bear's hair of a brownish colour.
1846 Blackwood's Mag. 59 310 They could neither scour a worm..nor dub a fly.
6.
a. To cut off the comb and wattles of (a cock).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > rear poultry [verb (transitive)] > remove beak or feathers
dub1570
stump1821
stub1875
de-beak1937
1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Pii/1 To Dubbe a cocke, coronare.
1688 R. Holme Acad. Armory ii. 252/2.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2)
1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man (1883) xiii. 403 Cock-fighters trim the hackles and cut off the combs and gills of their cocks; and the birds are then said to be dubbed.
b. To trim or crop (trees, hedges, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > [verb (transitive)] > trees: prune or lop
sneda800
shredc1000
crop?c1225
purgec1384
parea1398
shear1398
shridea1425
dodc1440
polla1449
twist1483
top1509
stow1513
lop1519
bough?1523
head?1523
poll-shred1530
prune1547
prime1565
twig1570
reform1574
disbranch1575
shroud1577
snathe1609
detruncate1623
amputate1638
abnodate1656
duba1661
to strip up1664
reprune1666
pollard1670
shrub1682
log1699
switch1811
limb1835
preen1847
to cut back1871
shrig1873
brash1950
summer prune1980
a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 73 The trees, which are now cut and dubbed.
1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. Dubbings, evergreens with which churches and houses are decorated at Christmas.
1884 R. Holland Gloss. Words County of Chester (1886) Dub, to clip a hedge.
7. To dress (cloth) see quot. 1847-78. Formerly, To ‘renovate’ old cloth or clothes: see dubber n.1
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile manufacture > manufacture textile fabric or that which consists of > manufacture of textile fabric > treating or processing textile fabric > treat or process textile fabric [verb (transitive)] > dress
tuck1377
dress1513
drivea1661
dub1802
a1400 Liber Albus (Rolls) iv. lf. 337 a. 718 Item, qe nul face dubber ne fuller tielx draps, et les vendent pur novels.]
1802 Ann. Reg. 1801 (Otridge ed.) Useful Projects 456/2 For dressing or dubbing cloths, either wet or dry, otherwise than by green cards and pickards.
1847–78 J. O. Halliwell Dict. Archaic & Provinc. Words Dub, to strike cloth with teasels in order to raise the flock or nap. Glouc.
8. ‘To place good wares in the upper part of a basket and inferior beneath; a term still in use in Billingsgate Market.’ Riley, Liber Albus III. 311.
ΚΠ
1290 in Liber Albus (Rolls) iii. iii. 378 Et qe nulle soit des pessoners si hardi..faucementz a douber lour panyers; cestassavoir, mettre al desus panyer un demonstrance de convenable pessoun, et dessouthe en les panyers mettre pessoun desconvenable de poy de value.]
9. To smear with fat or grease. Now spec. to do this to leather. Cf. dubbing n.1 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with skins > work with skins [verb (transitive)] > treat with grease or oil
liquor1502
dub?1611
shamoy1842
stuff1844
wax1885
dubbin1897
fat1903
fat-liquor1903
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads i. 448 All, after pray'r..kill'd, flay'd the beeves, Cut out and dubb'd with fat their thighs, fair dress'd with doubled leaves.
?1615 G. Chapman tr. Homer Odysses (new ed.) iii. 619 Apart flew either thigh, That with the fat they dubb'd.
1831 J. Holland Treat. Manuf. Metal I. 162 Well dressed ox or cow leather..when in use, is occasionally dubbed over with neat's oil.
1866 J. E. T. Rogers Hist. Agric. & Prices I. xviii. 398 Grease was needed for dubbing leather.
10. To trim, or work level and smooth, with an adze. Also with off, down, out.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > constructing or working with wood > build or construct with wood [verb (transitive)] > trim, smooth, or plane
try1593
shoot?1677
traverse1678
trim1679
stick1703
dub1711
adze1744
to rough off1748
strike1842
jack-plane1861
1711 W. Sutherland Ship-builders Assistant 160 To Dub; to work with an Addice.
1719 D. Defoe Life Robinson Crusoe 79 I had..to cut down a Tree..hew it flat on either Side with my Axe, till I had brought it to be thin as a Plank, and then dubb it smooth with my Adze.
1788 G. Keate Acct. Pelew Islands xxv. 315 Canoes, made from the trunk of a tree dubbed out.
1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 234 A paling Board..slabbed or feather-edged and dubbed on the sappy side.
11. To beat blunt or flat.
ΚΠ
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) IV. 298/1 The end of the tube is bent and hammered over in any rough way to pass it through..and is afterwards ‘dubbed’ or ‘tanged’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dubv.2

Etymology: Known only since 1500: evidently onomatopoeic, imitating the sound, or suggesting the feeling of a firm blow or thrust with something blunt. Compare East Frisian dubben to butt, beat, strike.
1.
a. transitive. To thrust: now implying a moderately firm blunt thrust or poke. †Formerly also, To stab as with a dagger; to bring down (a club) (obsolete).
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > impact > striking > striking in specific manner > strike in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > strike with pushing action > poke or prod
prokec1225
pokec1330
punchc1384
pinga1400
purrc1450
brod1483
rowc1500
dub1513
pod1530
prod1535
job1560
poy1562
pounce1577
poach1632
pote1714
potter1747
poker1774
nug1866
1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid iv. xii. 109 Or that Proserpine..dubbit hir heid Onto the Stygian hellis flude of deid.
1575 G. Gascoigne Fruites of Warre xlvi, in Posies sig. Hvi With bodkins dubd and doust to death.
1586 W. Warner Albions Eng. ii. vii. 24 He dubs his Club about their pates.
a1658 J. Cleveland Clievelandi Vindiciæ (1677) 15 Women commence by Cupid's Dart, As a King hunting Dubs a Hart.
1836 E. Howard Rattlin xxxiv Pigs..were..to be seen dubbing their snouts under the gunnel.
b. intransitive. To make a thrust or dab, to poke (at).
ΚΠ
1834 F. Marryat Peter Simple I. xv. 237 The slightest mistake as to time..and at this moment the flatfish would have been dubbing at our ugly carcasses.
1875 G. W. Dasent Vikings II. 196 The flounders would now be dubbing at our limbs thirty fathoms deep.
2. Used intransitively and transitively of the beating or sound of a drum. Also reduplicated dub-a-dub n., rub-a-dub. Cf. dub n.3
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound of instruments > sound [verb (intransitive)] > drums
dashc1325
tucka1400
dub1588
beat1656
ruff1675
dandera1724
rufflea1734
detonate1853
1588 T. Deloney Queenes visiting Tilsburie (single sheet) With trumpets sounding, and with dubbing drums.
1588 T. Deloney Queenes visiting Tilsburie (single sheet) The warlike Armie then stood still, and drummers left their dubbing sound.
a1625 J. Fletcher Mad Lover i. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. B2/2 Now the Drums doubbes.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

dubv.3

Etymology: ? corruption of dup v. = do up.
slang.
†1. transitive. To open (a door). Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > condition of being open or not closed > open [verb (transitive)] > a door, gate, etc.
to do upOE
to-thrustc1175
to weve upc1275
unshutc1315
to set upa1387
unyarka1400
to let up1400
yark upc1400
reclude?1440
dupa1549
dub1699
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew at Case Tis all Bob, and then to dub the gigg.
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Dub the Gigger, open the Door with the Pick-lock.
2. To shut up.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > closed or shut condition > close or shut [verb (transitive)] > close (a door, window, etc.)
shutc1000
steek?c1225
makec1300
speara1325
yark toc1400
to shut toc1450
to put toa1500
warpc1540
enclose1563
to pull to1673
dub1753
1753 J. Poulter Discov. 33 If the Seger is dub'd, that is, the Door lock'd or bolted.
1781 G. Parker View Society & Manners II. i. 69 Dub the Jigger is, in other words, shut the door.
1785 in F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 170 Dub up, to lock up or secure any thing or place; also to button one's pocket, coat, etc.
1958 F. Norman Bang to Rights i. 12 Everybody in the nick had already been dubbed up for the night.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

dubv.4

Etymology: Origin obscure.
slang.
intransitive. To pay up; so to dub in, to make a contribution.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > payment > pay [verb (intransitive)] > pay up or out
to shell out1821
dub1823
stump1828
to stump up1836
tip1847
cash1854
to ante up1861
to fund up1888
pony1894
brass1898
cough1920
to pay up1941
to dig down1942
1823 ‘J. Bee’ Slang 72 Dub up, to pay at once.
1839 Comic Almanack 1840 36 ‘Come, dub up!’ roars a third; and I don't mind telling you..that I..took out the sovereign and gave it.
1845 Punch Oct. 147/1 He has been compelled to ‘dub up’ out of his own pocket.
1846 ‘Lord Chief Baron’ Swell's Night Guide (new ed.) 79 A stranger may gain admission by the rum cull introducing him, and dubbing a tanner to the chairman.
1852 G. C. Mundy Our Antipodes I. v. 181 The juniors are compelled to dub up.
1923 E. Blunden Christ's Hospital 199 Five or six boys ‘dub in’ for a pot of strawberry jam or treacle.
1959 I. Opie & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolchildren x. 195 The demand to hand over has elsewhere been heard expressed in the words: ‘Cough it up’, ‘Dish it out’, ‘Dub up’ (North Country).
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

dubv.5

Etymology: Shortened form of double v.
transitive. To provide an alternative sound track to (a film or television broadcast), especially a translation from a foreign language; to mix (various sound tracks) into a single track (see quot. 1959 for dubbing adj. and n.2 at Derivatives); to impose (additional sounds) on to an existing recording; to transfer (recorded sound) on to a new record. Also with in, on.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > cinematography > filming > film [verb (transitive)] > incorporate sound track
dub1930
post-synchronize1933
post-sync1960
1930 Electronics Nov. 373/2 These people are then re-photographed in silent close-ups, and then foreign players ‘dub’ in the same lines.
1966 B.B.C. Handbk. 38 More international sound tracks for programmes were provided to allow foreign commentaries to be dubbed on.

Derivatives

dubbed adj.
ΚΠ
1938 Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 421/1 ‘Dubbed’ versions, bearing sound tracks in the native languages.
1944 Ann. Reg. 1943 344 The Overseas Dispatch Department..handled some 300 copies of 80 different films..some ‘dubbed’ and some with foreign commentaries or foreign subtitles.
ˈdubbing adj. and n.2
ΚΠ
1929 N.Y. Times 13 Oct. ix. 8/6 Dubbing, the process of re-recording from film to film, or from film to wax, or from wax to film, or from wax to wax.
1930 W. B. Pitkin & W. M. Marston Art of Sound Pictures 270 Dubbing, a method of doubling the voice on the screen after the photographing of the picture.
1931 B. Brown Talking Pictures xi. 275 Dubbing on disc is no more difficult than on film.
1931 B. Brown Talking Pictures xi. 288 Dubbing from sound track to disc was frequently employed.
1939 Times 25 Mar. 10/4 Queen Mary..went into what is called the ‘dubbing’ theatre, where sound is recorded.
1952 Record Year 124 The Michelangeli set (GX 61004–7) is a dubbing, so unsuccessful as to preclude judgment on the merits of the performance.
1959 J. Halas & R. Manvell Technique Film Animation xix. 209 The final set of tracks required for dubbing are laid, and at the subsequent dubbing session these are run simultaneously and balanced together and amalgamated on to one single sound track.
1962 Movie Sept. 6/3 Watching a film he has previously made with the director for whom he is now working in the dubbing room.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

> see also

also refers to : dub-comb. form
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n.1?a1513n.2a1450n.3c1572n.41781n.51699n.61887n.71973n.81973v.11085v.21513v.31699v.41823v.51929
see also
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