ducatn.

Brit.

/ˈdʌkət/, U.S.

/ˈdəkət/

Forms: Middle English dokat, Middle English–1500s doket, Middle English–1600s ducate, Middle English–1600s ducatt, Middle English–1600s dukat, Middle English–1600s duket, Middle English– ducat, 1500s–1600s ducade, 1500s–1600s duccat, 1500s–1600s duccate, 1500s–1600s duckat, 1500s–1600s duckate, 1500s–1600s duckatt, 1500s–1600s duckett, 1500s–1700s ducket, 1600s dukett; also Scottish pre-1700 dewcat, pre-1700 doucat, pre-1700 doucott, pre-1700 douket, pre-1700 doukit, pre-1700 dowcat, pre-1700 dowkat, pre-1700 dowkit, pre-1700 duchat, pre-1700 duicat.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: French ducat; Italian ducato.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French ducat (14th cent., earliest in plural ducas ; French ducat ), and its etymon (ii) Italian ducato coin struck with the image of a duke (beginning of the 14th cent.; end of the 13th cent. as duchato ) < duca duke n. + -ato -at suffix. Compare post-classical Latin ducatus (12th cent. in Italian sources).Early history of the coin. The earliest coin so called was a silver coin issued in 1140 by Roger II of Sicily, as Duke of Apulia. The first issue bore the inscription R DX AP (i.e. Rogerus Dux Apuliae ) and an effigy of Christ along with the legend Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste ducatus ‘O Christ, let this duchy, which you rule, be dedicated to you’. The 12th-cent. Italian historian and chronicler Falco of Benevento records that Roger II named this coin ducatus . From the early 13th cent., ducatus is attested as the name of a Venetian silver coin usually known as the grosso (see gross n.²). In 1284 the first gold ducat, also called zecchino d'oro (compare zecchino n.), was struck at Venice under the doge John Dandolo. This coin bears on one side figures of St Mark and the Doge, and on the other a figure of Christ with the same legend as on King Roger II's coin. In later use the term was also used as a unit of account, with the actual coin becoming known as a ducato di zecca , lit. ‘mint ducat’, and later as a zecchino zecchino n. Parallels in other European languages. The term was borrowed into many other European languages. Compare Catalan ducat, Spanish ducado (second half of the 14th cent.), Portuguese ducado (first half of the 15th cent.), and Old Frisian ducāt (West Frisian dûkaat), Middle Dutch ducas, (in late sources) ducaet (Dutch ducaat), Middle Low German dukāte, German Dukat (end of the 14th cent. as tucat), Old Swedish dukāt (Swedish dukat).

a. A gold coin of a type minted by the Republic of Venice from the 13th cent., and until the 19th cent. used widely in trade and commerce throughout Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, and further afield; any of various gold coins minted elsewhere, esp. those produced to the same standards as the Venetian coin for the purposes of facilitating international trade. Also: any of various silver coins; esp. a Venetian silver coin issued from the mid 16th-century. Cf. zecchino n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > European gold coins

ducata1387

noble1417

pistolet1553

pistole1592

florin1611

gubber1711

Augustal1848

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 259 A duket, þat is worþy half an Englisshe noble.

c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1348 As fyne as ducat [1483 Caxton doket, 1532 Thynne ducket] in venyse.

1477 E. Bedyngfeld in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 420 In mony he brengyth with hym an hundred thowsand dokets.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clix. f. lxxxvii A Dukat is of sondry valuys, but y^e leest in value is .iiii.s. iii.d. ob. & the best .iiii.s. vii.d.

a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxx. 199 In golde they [sc. the Castilians] haue duccates and doble duccates.

1605 R. Dallington Suruey Great Dukes State Tuscany 55 There is the gold crowne of eight Liuers; the Ducket of siluer seauen Liuers..the halfe Ducket..the Giuglio which is sixe-pence sterling; the halfe Giuglio; all these are of siluer.

1688 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (ed. 2) 273 Its Coins are the Gold Ducate, of the same value of the Hungarian Ducate.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The chief Gold Ducats now currant, are the single, and double Ducats of Venice, Florence, Genoa, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Sweeden, Denmark, Flanders, Holland, and Zurich.

1798 tr. A. Barruel Mem. Hist. Jacobinism IV. ii. 43 He sent a Dutch Ducat, and some time after two books on Chymistry.

1816 Times 4 July 3/3 The gold ducat, the silver ducat, and the silver rider, may still be coined as money for commercial purposes.

1834 A. Burnes Trav. Bokhara II. iv. 452 A Persian ducat now bears a value of nine kurans, or rupees.

1887 Frank Leslie's Sunday Mag. Oct. 298/2 As he counted the money in the presence of his wife, twelve pistoles and one of the six ducats were missing.

1907 F. M. Crawford Glean. Venet. Hist. (ed. 2) xi. 278 The actual value in gold of a Venetian ducat is now usually estimated at about fifteen shillings English money.

1988 Renaissance Q. 41 48 Cash was found in a scrigno de noghera in this room—50½ scudi d'oro, 75 silver ducats, some small change and foreign coins.

2008 Y. Ben-Naeh Jews in Realm of Sultans i. 29 Transactions were conducted in domestic and foreign coins:..zolotas, Dutch thalers..Spanish rials, and gold coins such as Venetian ducats.

b. A money of account, used esp. in the Republic of Venice; an amount equivalent in value to a ducat. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Italian or Sicilian coins

florin1303

janec1386

ducatc1470

ouncec1520

bajoccoa1549

denara1549

julioa1549

zecchino1572

chequina1587

mocenigo1599

soldo1599

quattrino1605

gazet1607

lira1617

paolo1617

sequin1617

julet1632

betso1641

quadruple1655

scudoc1660

doppy1691

Venetian1698

carlin?1706

pentecontalitron1738

paul1767

crazia1805

centesimo1840

c1470 (?1458) W. Wey Itineraries (1857) 6 Make yowre chavnge at Venyse, and take wyth yow at the leste xxx doketis of grotys..And..iiij doketis of soldys.

1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca at Nummus aureus In that wyse it agreed with the Venetiane ducate, whyche was worth .xii. of our grotes.

1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. X8^v Now whereas the Venetian duckat is much spoken of, you must consider that this word duckat doth not signifie any one certaine coyne. But many seuerall pieces doe concurre to make one duckat, namely six liuers and two gazets.

1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce 323 At Venice there were two sorts of duccats, the one currant in payment, which may bee valued ster. about 3s. 4d., and the other of banco, which may be valued about 4s., or 4s. 2d.

1707 A. Justice Gen. Treat. Monies 186 The Lira, or Lire in Bank, is worth 10 Ducats in Bank, or 12 Ducats Current.

1789 W. Gordon Inst. Arithm. xvi. 184 The exchange between London and Venice was at 50d. per ducat banco.

1858 Banker's Mag. Nov. 369 In the Two Sicilies, the money of account is the ducat, carlin, and grain.

1909 W. D. P. Bliss New Encycl. Social Reform 90/2 It kept its account in ducats banco, which had no corresponding coin.

1976 Americas 32 505 He was able to give his son 1,300 ducats in goods and money.

2009 Jrnl. Econ. & Social Hist. Orient 52 486 The piastre had replaced the ducat as a money of account.

2. More generally: an unspecified coin; a piece of money; (frequently in plural) money; cash.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > a coin

minteOE

crossc1330

coinc1386

cross and (or) pilea1393

penny1394

croucha1420

penny1427

piece1472

metal1485

piecec1540

stamp1594

quinyie1596

cross and pilea1625

numm1694

ducat1794

bean1811

dog1811

chinker1834

rock1837

pocket-burner1848

spondulicks1857

scale1872

chip1879

ridge1935

society > trade and finance > money > [noun]

silverc825

feec870

pennieseOE

wortheOE

mintOE

scata1122

spense?c1225

spendinga1290

sumc1300

gooda1325

moneya1325

cattlec1330

muckc1330

reasona1382

pecunyc1400

gilt1497

argentc1500

gelta1529

Mammon1539

ale silver1541

scruff1559

the sinews of war1560

sterling1565

lour1567

will-do-all1583

shell1591

trasha1592

quinyie1596

brass1597

pecuniary1604

dust1607

nomisma1614

countera1616

cross and pilea1625

gingerbreada1625

rhinoa1628

cash1646

grig1657

spanker1663

cole1673

goree1699

mopus1699

quid1699

ribbin1699

bustle1763

necessary1772

stuff1775

needfula1777

iron1785

(the) Spanish1788

pecuniar1793

kelter1807

dibs1812

steven1812

pewter1814

brad1819

pogue1819

rent1823

stumpy1828

posh1830

L. S. D.1835

rivetc1835

tin1836

mint sauce1839

nobbins1846

ochre1846

dingbat1848

dough1848

cheese1850

California1851

mali1851

ducat1853

pay dirt1853

boodle?1856

dinero1856

scad1856

the shiny1856

spondulicks1857

rust1858

soap1860

sugar1862

coin1874

filthy1876

wampum1876

ooftish1877

shekel1883

oil1885

oof1885

mon1888

Jack1890

sploshc1890

bees and honey1892

spending-brass1896

stiff1897

mazuma1900

mazoom1901

cabbage1903

lettuce1903

Oscar Asche1905

jingle1906

doubloons1908

kale1912

scratch1914

green1917

oscar1917

snow1925

poke1926

oodle1930

potatos1931

bread1935

moolah1936

acker1939

moo1941

lolly1943

loot1943

poppy1943

mazoola1944

dosh1953

bickies1966

lovely jubbly1990

scrilla1994

1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) ii. 50 I shall be intitled to the girl's fortune without settling a ducat on her.

1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand I. vi. 152 From spendthrift King John downwards, the Christian has ever pocketed the [Jew's] ducats, and abused the donor.

1895 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 174 Holmes was likewise out of ducketts.

1908 Science 9 Oct. 464/2 I have seen M and N or the wave-length of sodium light determined in ways that would earn very few ducats on the principle of payment by results.

2015 Mirror (Nexis) 24 June Maybe you can offer to take on more projects in exchange for a few more duckets.

Compounds

ducat gold n. now rare gold of high purity (as used for making ducat coins).Ducat gold typically has a fineness of at least 23.5 carats and this high purity led to ducat coins being used as a source of gold leaf for gilding.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold > pure or refined gold

Ophir golda1425

obrizum?a1439

ducat gold1548

Ophir1628

obrize1631

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. vii The garmentes were powdered with castels, & shefes of arrowes of fyne doket gold.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxx^v On their faces visers, and all the berdes were fine wyer of Ducket gold.

1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 39 in Trav. Persia These Branches, all of Duckat Gold, are so substantial, that there are some which weigh sixty Marks.

1745 Theatre Present War Netherlands 219 The Metal was Ducat-Gold, and the Impressions made for Roman, but very ignorantly, as not being above 4 or 500 Years old.

1809 R. K. Porter Travelling Sketches Russia & Sweden I. iv. 29 The spire of this edifice is..gilt with ducat gold.

1984 Maltechnik Restauro Jan. 16/1 Ducat gold contains close to 98% gold which is about 23.5 carat.

2004 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Conservation 43 159/2 Ammonia casein, beeswax, casein, gelatin, leaf gold (citron gold, ducat gold), leaf silver.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	ducat
释义	ducatn. Brit. /ˈdʌkət/, U.S. /ˈdəkət/ Forms: Middle English dokat, Middle English–1500s doket, Middle English–1600s ducate, Middle English–1600s ducatt, Middle English–1600s dukat, Middle English–1600s duket, Middle English– ducat, 1500s–1600s ducade, 1500s–1600s duccat, 1500s–1600s duccate, 1500s–1600s duckat, 1500s–1600s duckate, 1500s–1600s duckatt, 1500s–1600s duckett, 1500s–1700s ducket, 1600s dukett; also Scottish pre-1700 dewcat, pre-1700 doucat, pre-1700 doucott, pre-1700 douket, pre-1700 doukit, pre-1700 dowcat, pre-1700 dowkat, pre-1700 dowkit, pre-1700 duchat, pre-1700 duicat. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Italian. Etymons: French ducat; Italian ducato. Etymology: < (i) Middle French ducat (14th cent., earliest in plural ducas ; French ducat ), and its etymon (ii) Italian ducato coin struck with the image of a duke (beginning of the 14th cent.; end of the 13th cent. as duchato ) < duca duke n. + -ato -at suffix. Compare post-classical Latin ducatus (12th cent. in Italian sources).Early history of the coin. The earliest coin so called was a silver coin issued in 1140 by Roger II of Sicily, as Duke of Apulia. The first issue bore the inscription R DX AP (i.e. Rogerus Dux Apuliae ) and an effigy of Christ along with the legend Sit tibi Christe datus quem tu regis iste ducatus ‘O Christ, let this duchy, which you rule, be dedicated to you’. The 12th-cent. Italian historian and chronicler Falco of Benevento records that Roger II named this coin ducatus . From the early 13th cent., ducatus is attested as the name of a Venetian silver coin usually known as the grosso (see gross n.²). In 1284 the first gold ducat, also called zecchino d'oro (compare zecchino n.), was struck at Venice under the doge John Dandolo. This coin bears on one side figures of St Mark and the Doge, and on the other a figure of Christ with the same legend as on King Roger II's coin. In later use the term was also used as a unit of account, with the actual coin becoming known as a ducato di zecca , lit. ‘mint ducat’, and later as a zecchino zecchino n. Parallels in other European languages. The term was borrowed into many other European languages. Compare Catalan ducat, Spanish ducado (second half of the 14th cent.), Portuguese ducado (first half of the 15th cent.), and Old Frisian ducāt (West Frisian dûkaat), Middle Dutch ducas, (in late sources) ducaet (Dutch ducaat), Middle Low German dukāte, German Dukat (end of the 14th cent. as tucat), Old Swedish dukāt (Swedish dukat). 1. a. A gold coin of a type minted by the Republic of Venice from the 13th cent., and until the 19th cent. used widely in trade and commerce throughout Europe, the eastern Mediterranean, and further afield; any of various gold coins minted elsewhere, esp. those produced to the same standards as the Venetian coin for the purposes of facilitating international trade. Also: any of various silver coins; esp. a Venetian silver coin issued from the mid 16th-century. Cf. zecchino n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > European gold coins ducata1387 noble1417 pistolet1553 pistole1592 florin1611 gubber1711 Augustal1848 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 259 A duket, þat is worþy half an Englisshe noble. c1450 (c1380) G. Chaucer House of Fame (Fairf. 16) (1878) l. 1348 As fyne as ducat [1483 Caxton doket, 1532 Thynne ducket] in venyse. 1477 E. Bedyngfeld in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 420 In mony he brengyth with hym an hundred thowsand dokets. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) I. clix. f. lxxxvii A Dukat is of sondry valuys, but y^e leest in value is .iiii.s. iii.d. ob. & the best .iiii.s. vii.d. a1549 A. Borde Fyrst Bk. Introd. Knowl. (1870) xxx. 199 In golde they [sc. the Castilians] haue duccates and doble duccates. 1605 R. Dallington Suruey Great Dukes State Tuscany 55 There is the gold crowne of eight Liuers; the Ducket of siluer seauen Liuers..the halfe Ducket..the Giuglio which is sixe-pence sterling; the halfe Giuglio; all these are of siluer. 1688 R. Morden Geogr. Rectified (ed. 2) 273 Its Coins are the Gold Ducate, of the same value of the Hungarian Ducate. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) The chief Gold Ducats now currant, are the single, and double Ducats of Venice, Florence, Genoa, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Sweeden, Denmark, Flanders, Holland, and Zurich. 1798 tr. A. Barruel Mem. Hist. Jacobinism IV. ii. 43 He sent a Dutch Ducat, and some time after two books on Chymistry. 1816 Times 4 July 3/3 The gold ducat, the silver ducat, and the silver rider, may still be coined as money for commercial purposes. 1834 A. Burnes Trav. Bokhara II. iv. 452 A Persian ducat now bears a value of nine kurans, or rupees. 1887 Frank Leslie's Sunday Mag. Oct. 298/2 As he counted the money in the presence of his wife, twelve pistoles and one of the six ducats were missing. 1907 F. M. Crawford Glean. Venet. Hist. (ed. 2) xi. 278 The actual value in gold of a Venetian ducat is now usually estimated at about fifteen shillings English money. 1988 Renaissance Q. 41 48 Cash was found in a scrigno de noghera in this room—50½ scudi d'oro, 75 silver ducats, some small change and foreign coins. 2008 Y. Ben-Naeh Jews in Realm of Sultans i. 29 Transactions were conducted in domestic and foreign coins:..zolotas, Dutch thalers..Spanish rials, and gold coins such as Venetian ducats. b. A money of account, used esp. in the Republic of Venice; an amount equivalent in value to a ducat. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > Italian or Sicilian coins florin1303 janec1386 ducatc1470 ouncec1520 bajoccoa1549 denara1549 julioa1549 zecchino1572 chequina1587 mocenigo1599 soldo1599 quattrino1605 gazet1607 lira1617 paolo1617 sequin1617 julet1632 betso1641 quadruple1655 scudoc1660 doppy1691 Venetian1698 carlin?1706 pentecontalitron1738 paul1767 crazia1805 centesimo1840 c1470 (?1458) W. Wey Itineraries (1857) 6 Make yowre chavnge at Venyse, and take wyth yow at the leste xxx doketis of grotys..And..iiij doketis of soldys. 1542 T. Elyot Bibliotheca at Nummus aureus In that wyse it agreed with the Venetiane ducate, whyche was worth .xii. of our grotes. 1611 T. Coryate Crudities sig. X8^v Now whereas the Venetian duckat is much spoken of, you must consider that this word duckat doth not signifie any one certaine coyne. But many seuerall pieces doe concurre to make one duckat, namely six liuers and two gazets. 1638 L. Roberts Merchants Mappe of Commerce 323 At Venice there were two sorts of duccats, the one currant in payment, which may bee valued ster. about 3s. 4d., and the other of banco, which may be valued about 4s., or 4s. 2d. 1707 A. Justice Gen. Treat. Monies 186 The Lira, or Lire in Bank, is worth 10 Ducats in Bank, or 12 Ducats Current. 1789 W. Gordon Inst. Arithm. xvi. 184 The exchange between London and Venice was at 50d. per ducat banco. 1858 Banker's Mag. Nov. 369 In the Two Sicilies, the money of account is the ducat, carlin, and grain. 1909 W. D. P. Bliss New Encycl. Social Reform 90/2 It kept its account in ducats banco, which had no corresponding coin. 1976 Americas 32 505 He was able to give his son 1,300 ducats in goods and money. 2009 Jrnl. Econ. & Social Hist. Orient 52 486 The piastre had replaced the ducat as a money of account. 2. More generally: an unspecified coin; a piece of money; (frequently in plural) money; cash. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > [noun] > a coin minteOE minteOE crossc1330 coinc1386 cross and (or) pilea1393 penny1394 croucha1420 penny1427 piece1472 metal1485 piecec1540 stamp1594 quinyie1596 cross and pilea1625 numm1694 ducat1794 bean1811 dog1811 chinker1834 rock1837 pocket-burner1848 spondulicks1857 scale1872 chip1879 ridge1935 society > trade and finance > money > [noun] silverc825 feec870 pennieseOE wortheOE mintOE scata1122 spense?c1225 spendinga1290 sumc1300 gooda1325 moneya1325 cattlec1330 muckc1330 reasona1382 pecunyc1400 gilt1497 argentc1500 gelta1529 Mammon1539 ale silver1541 scruff1559 the sinews of war1560 sterling1565 lour1567 will-do-all1583 shell1591 trasha1592 quinyie1596 brass1597 pecuniary1604 dust1607 nomisma1614 countera1616 cross and pilea1625 gingerbreada1625 rhinoa1628 cash1646 grig1657 spanker1663 cole1673 goree1699 mopus1699 quid1699 ribbin1699 bustle1763 necessary1772 stuff1775 needfula1777 iron1785 (the) Spanish1788 pecuniar1793 kelter1807 dibs1812 steven1812 pewter1814 brad1819 pogue1819 rent1823 stumpy1828 posh1830 L. S. D.1835 rivetc1835 tin1836 mint sauce1839 nobbins1846 ochre1846 dingbat1848 dough1848 cheese1850 California1851 mali1851 ducat1853 pay dirt1853 boodle?1856 dinero1856 scad1856 the shiny1856 spondulicks1857 rust1858 soap1860 sugar1862 coin1874 filthy1876 wampum1876 ooftish1877 shekel1883 oil1885 oof1885 mon1888 Jack1890 sploshc1890 bees and honey1892 spending-brass1896 stiff1897 mazuma1900 mazoom1901 cabbage1903 lettuce1903 Oscar Asche1905 jingle1906 doubloons1908 kale1912 scratch1914 green1917 oscar1917 snow1925 poke1926 oodle1930 potatos1931 bread1935 moolah1936 acker1939 moo1941 lolly1943 loot1943 poppy1943 mazoola1944 dosh1953 bickies1966 lovely jubbly1990 scrilla1994 1794 R. B. Sheridan Duenna (new ed.) ii. 50 I shall be intitled to the girl's fortune without settling a ducat on her. 1853 G. J. Whyte-Melville Digby Grand I. vi. 152 From spendthrift King John downwards, the Christian has ever pocketed the [Jew's] ducats, and abused the donor. 1895 Cornhill Mag. Aug. 174 Holmes was likewise out of ducketts. 1908 Science 9 Oct. 464/2 I have seen M and N or the wave-length of sodium light determined in ways that would earn very few ducats on the principle of payment by results. 2015 Mirror (Nexis) 24 June Maybe you can offer to take on more projects in exchange for a few more duckets. Compounds ducat gold n. now rare gold of high purity (as used for making ducat coins).Ducat gold typically has a fineness of at least 23.5 carats and this high purity led to ducat coins being used as a source of gold leaf for gilding. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > precious metal > [noun] > gold > pure or refined gold Ophir golda1425 obrizum?a1439 ducat gold1548 Ophir1628 obrize1631 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. vii The garmentes were powdered with castels, & shefes of arrowes of fyne doket gold. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxx^v On their faces visers, and all the berdes were fine wyer of Ducket gold. 1686 tr. J. Chardin Coronation Solyman 39 in Trav. Persia These Branches, all of Duckat Gold, are so substantial, that there are some which weigh sixty Marks. 1745 Theatre Present War Netherlands 219 The Metal was Ducat-Gold, and the Impressions made for Roman, but very ignorantly, as not being above 4 or 500 Years old. 1809 R. K. Porter Travelling Sketches Russia & Sweden I. iv. 29 The spire of this edifice is..gilt with ducat gold. 1984 Maltechnik Restauro Jan. 16/1 Ducat gold contains close to 98% gold which is about 23.5 carat. 2004 Jrnl. Amer. Inst. Conservation 43 159/2 Ammonia casein, beeswax, casein, gelatin, leaf gold (citron gold, ducat gold), leaf silver. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1387
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