eldern.¹

Brit.

/ˈɛldə/, U.S.

/ˈɛldər/

Forms: α. ellærn, ellæn, ellen, Middle English ellarne, Middle English ellerne, elrene, (Middle English elerne, elorne, ellern, elnereneMiddle English, 1800s dialect ellen), Middle English–1600s eller, Middle English–1500s eldre, Middle English eldyr, (1500s ellore), 1500s–1600s eldren, eldern, Middle English eller; β. Middle English helren, hilder ( -tre), hyldyr, hyllor, hillar, hillerne ( -tre), hyl ( -tre).

Etymology: With Old English ellærn (of which ellen is apparently a reduced form, as ísen of ísern ) compare Middle Low German ellern , elderne , alhorn , elhorn (Schiller & Lübben), Flemish elhoren , alhoren (Kilian). Possibly an originally adjectival formation; compare German ahorn maple = Latin acernus adjective. (For the euphonic change of elr- to eldr- compare alder n.¹) The forms with initial h seem to belong to a wholly different word, probably of Old Norse origin; compare Danish hyld , hyldetræ , Swedish hyll , apparently related to the synonymous Old High German holuntar , Middle High German holander , holder , modern German holunder , holder ; in which a connection of some kind with hole n., hollow n., is plausible, as the tree might naturally have been named from its tubular stems.

1. A low tree or shrub, Sambucus nigra (family Caprifoliaceæ), called, for distinction, the Common or Black-berried Elder; bearing umbel-like corymbs of white flowers; the young branches are remarkable for their abundance of pith.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elder > [noun]

eldera700

bourtreec1450

white umbrella1658

parsley-leaved elder1731

Judas tree1886

a700 Epinal Gloss. 893 Sambucus, ellaen.

a800 Corpus Gloss. 1175 Sambucus, ellaern.

c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 68 Wiþ fotece genim ellenes leaf.

c1150 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 556 Sambucus, suew, ellarne.

c1325 Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in T. Wright Voc. 163 De suhen (hildertre, helren) font les souheaus.

1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 66 Iudas he Iapede with þe Iewes seluer And on an Ellerne treo [v.r. eldir; 1377 B. i. 68 eller] hongede him after.

c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. 646 Hec sambuca, hyllortre.

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum Eldyr or hyldyr, or hillerne tre [v.r. hillar; hyltre, or elerne; elder, or hyltre, or elorne].

a1450 Alphita 161 Sambucus..ellen.

1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy v. xlii, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 158 Wene they..to have..of an Elder an Apple swete?

?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxix^v The stakes of..ellore be good.

1608 H. Plat Floraes Paradise Beautified 21 Euery plant of an Eldern will grow.

1615 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (1648) 3 Some thinke the..eller [would have] a waterish marish.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. iii. 27 My heart of Elder .

1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 21 Then seek the Bank where flowering Elders croud.

1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 576 The Elder, indigenous in Europe, was known to the Greeks.

a. Extended to other species of the genus Sambucus; in North America applied chiefly to S. canadensis. With distinguishing epithets: dwarf elder n., ground elder n., dog elder ( S. Ebulus) = Danewort n. wild elder n. used by Lyte for S. racemosa.

ΚΠ

1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xliv. 379 The nature and vertues of the wilde Eldren are as yet unknowen.

b. In popular names of other plants bearing a superficial resemblance to the elder: bishop's elder n., dog elder n., dwarf elder n., ground elder n., wild elder n. (cf. 2) names for Goutweed ( Ægopodium Podagraria). ground elder n. Angelica silvestris. marsh elder n. (or marish elder) , water elder n., white elder n. = guelder rose n. ( Viburnum Opulus).

3. Misused for alder n.¹

ΚΠ

?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Di Thelder, aulne.

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Alno negro, the blacke Elder-tree.

Compounds

C1. General attributive. Also elderberry n., etc.

elder-blossom n.

ΚΠ

1862 W. Barnes Rhymes Dorset Dial. I. 76 A vield..Where elder-blossoms be a-spread.

elder-branch n.

ΚΠ

1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 147 The Muses..Now bringen bitter Eldre braunches seare.

elder-bud n.

ΚΠ

1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. v. 12 In the beginning of the spring..sallads are made of eldern-buds.

elder-bush n.

ΚΠ

1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. i. 4 A hut, or farmhouse..surrounded by large elder-bushes.

elder-flower n.

ΚΠ

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §692 Of this kind are Elder-flowers, which therefore are proper for the Stone.

1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 133 Elder-flowers..Flowers from May to July.

elder-pith n.

ΚΠ

a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle Blind-beggar (1659) sig. G4^v Thou wither'd Elder-pith.

elder-stick n.

ΚΠ

1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 425/1 No more then..thys greke woorde presbyteros signifyeth an elder sticke.

elder-tree n.

ΚΠ

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxliv. 1043 Þe ellerne tree is hoot and druye and ryndes, leues, and floures þerof acordeþ to medycyne.

1566 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes iii. i. 11 b Foure vnces of the water of Elderne tree.

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 32 The Arabian Costus is the Root of a Shrub very like an Elder Tree.

elder-vinegar n.

ΚΠ

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 150. ⁋6 They had dissented..about the Preference of Elder to Wine-Vinegar.

elder-wine n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > non-grape and home-made wines > [noun] > elderberry wine

ebulum1713

elder-wine1735

elderberry-wine1841

1735 G. Berkeley Querist §151 Men of nice palates have been imposed on, by elder wine for French claret.

elder-wood n.

ΚΠ

1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) v. 464 A young stick of elder wood.

elder-leaved adj.

ΚΠ

1882 Garden 23 Sept. 273/1 The Elder-leaved or black Ash..the leaves of which..are serrated.

C2.

elder-blow n. elder-blossom.

ΚΠ

1875 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Wks. (1906) III. 154 The scent of an elder-blow..is event enough for him.

elder-gun n. a pop-gun made of a hollow shoot of elder.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > toy weapons > [noun]

poop1489

pellet1553

trunk1553

elder-gun1600

popgun1649

spitter1688

pluff1695

whistling arrowa1718

pea-shooter1782

pea gun1812

detonating ball1814

pea-blower1821

pen-gun1821

pipegun1828

torpedo1831

spring gun1837

putty blower1861

tweaker1862

pluffera1866

bean-shooter1890

putty shooter1896

water pistol1897

stink bomb1915

cap-pistol1920

cap-gun1931

laser gun1961

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iv. i. 197 Tis a great displeasure That an elder gun, can do against a cannon.

1615 T. Overbury et al. New & Choise Characters with Wife (6th impr.) sig. M As Boies do Pellets in Elderne Gunnes.

elder-moth n. Uropteryx Sambucata.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

eldern.²

Etymology: compare Middle Dutch elder of same meaning; perhaps representing Old Germanic *aliþro(m , < *alan to nourish. (Not etymologically connected with udder n.)Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈelder.

dialect.

The udder of a cow or mare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > udder

stock1608

elder1673

milk-vessel1842

1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 17 The Elder: the Udder.

1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vii. 262 Which was a yard and an inch high at 2 days old, and had..milk in its elder.

1797 J. Downing Treat. Disorders Horned Cattle 87 The beast should be..milked quite clean out of the elder.

1875 Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Hur [the cow's] elder's a bit sore.

1880 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. s.v. (E.D.S.) The mar'..wuz glad to see the cowt for 'er elder wuz as 'ard as a stwun.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2019).

elderadj.n.³

Brit.

/ˈɛldə/, U.S.

/ˈɛldər/

Forms: Old English (Mercian, Kentish) eldra, (Northumbrian, Mercian) ǣldra, (West Saxon) ieldra, yldra, Middle English eldere, eldre, ealdre, Middle English eældre, ældre, elldre, eldore, ælder, Middle English ( heldre), uldre, ildre, Middle English eilder, eldir, Middle English elther, yelder, eelder, (Scottish1500s eldar, 1700s ellar), Middle English– elder. See also older adj.

Etymology: Old English ęldra (feminine and neuter ęldre ) = Old Saxon aldira , Old Frisian alder , elder , Old High German altiro , eltiro (modern German älter ), Old Norse eldre , ellre (Danish ældre ), Gothic alþiza < Germanic *ˈalþizon- , regularly < *alđo- , Old English ald (West Saxon eald ), old n.²The late West Saxon form yldra survived in the south as uldre (ü), ildre until the 13th cent.

A. adj. The comparative of old adj.; formerly equivalent to the modern older adj. and n., but now restricted to certain special uses.

1. That has lived or existed longer; senior, more advanced in age.

†a. Formerly used (both of persons and things) as a predicate; also as an attribute followed by than. Now superseded by older adj. and n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > older than an age > older

elderOE

greater?a1425

large1788

OE Riddle 40 42 Ic eom micle yldra þonne ymbhwyrft þes oþþe þes middangeard meahte geweorþan.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 23 A þet ic beo ealdre.

c1200 Moral Ode (Egerton MS.) 1 Ic æm elder þænne ic wæs, a winter and a lore.

a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 277 Swa þu eldere wex, swa þu pourere was.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvi. f. 56^v If she shall be as olde, or elder than I am.

1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 364 The lawes of forren countries are farre elder then ours.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 248 How much more elder art thou then thy lookes.

a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) ii. xxxiv. 161 Friendship is like wine, the elder the better.

1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. vii. 203 A custom probably not much elder than his time.

b. as attribute without than. Not now used of things, except with quasi-personification. Now chiefly with nouns denoting family relationship, or as denoting the senior of two indicated persons; otherwise somewhat archaic. Often with omission of the noun implied in the context.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > elder of two children

elderc888

olderc1435

c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. viii Ic ðe geongne gelærde swelce snytro swylce manegum oþrum ieldran gewittum oftogen is.

c975 Durham Gosp. Luke xv. 25 Wæs ða sunu his ældra on lond.

OE Beowulf 468 Wæs Heregar dead, min yldra mæg.

1279 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 367 Margarete..Þe eldore of þe tuo, in spoushod he nome.

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xv. 25 Forsoth his eldere sone was in the feeld.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3861 Þe eilder sister he for-sok.

c1478 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 38 The said Wil. Rycroft yelder.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 5 The elther suster vndirstode hym wele.

1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1837) II. 26 It is a great part of the work of the elder [1966 ed.: older] slaves to take care of these young girls.

1745 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VIII. 217 These are too young; send elder men.

1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xvi. 244 Elder brother's care And elder brother's love were there.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 47 The Cathedral Church of the bishoprick whose throne is now hidden in the elder minster of Saint Fritheswyth.

c. elder statesman n. in Japan, a member of the Genro n.; transferred, a person of ripe years and experience whose counsel is therefore sought and valued.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > wise man, sage > [noun] > of ripe years

elder statesman1921

1921 Contemp. Rev. July 8 Prince Yamagata..continues the most influential member of the Genro, or Elder Statesmen.

1923 19th Cent. Jan. 138 The exclusive powers of the genro, or elder statesmen, are passing with the men themselves.

1932 Fortune Sept. 100 This choice was exercised by the last of the genro, or ‘Elder Statesmen’, Prince Saionji, aged eighty-three.

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Elder statesmen. a In Japan, an informal body (genro)... b Any similar class of persons.

1935 G. Greene Bear fell Free One should have made some prescient elder-statesman pronouncement.

1937 John o' London's Weekly 15 Jan. 667 (heading) Balfour, the Elder Statesman.

1955 H. Spring These Lovers fled Away ii. 61 When you are twelve, a boy of fifteen..seems almost an elder statesman.

1958 Observer 19 Oct. 22/4 Professor Tawney is the elder statesman of English economic history.

1959 T. S. Eliot Elder Statesman ii. 56 The difference between being an elder statesman And posing successfully as an elder statesman Is practically negligible.

†2.

a. Of an obligation, right, or title: Of longer standing, prior, that has superior validity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adjective]

ererc888

fernOE

oldOE

formerc1160

ratherc1330

before-goingc1384

formerc1384

forenexta1400

formea1400

while1399

antecedentc1400

precedentc1400

anteceding?a1425

late1446

whilom1452

preceding?a1475

forne1485

fore1490

heretofore1491

foregoing1530

toforegoing1532

further1557

firster1571

then1584

elder1594

quondam1598

forehand1600

previant1601

preallable1603

prior1607

anterior1608

previal1613

once1620

previous1621

predecessivea1627

antecedaneous?1631

preventive1641

prior1641

precedaneous1645

preventional1649

antegredient1652

senior1655

prevenient1656

precedential1661

antecedental1763

past-gone1784

antevenient1800

aforetime1835

one-time1850

onewhile1882

foretime1894

erstwhile1903

antecedane-

ere-

1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §139 It cannot be intended that..he would have left the elder bond..unsued for.

1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. iv. §286. 126 If the possession bee not devested out of them, by an elder title.

b. Of officials, etc.: That ranks before others by virtue of longer service; senior. Obsolete.

( Elder Brethren: see brother n. 6b.)

ΚΠ

1721–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Elder Battalion, that Battalion which was first raised, and has the post of honour according to its standing. Elder Officers, such officers whose Commissions bear the eldest Date.

†3. elder man n. Obsolete = B. 2, B. 3. Sometimes written as one word elderman.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > senior person > [noun]

elderc1175

seniorc1380

elder mana1387

older1484

ancient1548

dad?1576

doyen1670

dean1687

daddy1877

key man1895

doyenne1905

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > member of

elder1382

elder mana1387

senator1387

parliament mana1744

MHK1780

state senator1800

parliamentarian1889

MLA1897

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 41 Þe senatoures and elder men of Rome.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5784 Ga gedir samen þin eldir men.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 2 Jerom, & Gregor take a wey þe name of þe bischop, or heldarman.

1530 Compend. Olde Treat. sig. Aiij Y^e prophet Moyses hade chosen seuenty elder men.

1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais iv. xxv So they call'd their eldest Elderman.

4. In Card-playing. elder hand n. the first player. Cf. eldest adj. 5.

ΚΠ

1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet C iiij The poore Church should play at vnequal game, for it should loose al by the Elder hand.

1746 E. Hoyle Whist (ed. 6) 22 You are elder Hand.

1873 ‘Cavendish’ Piquet 29 The pack is then cut by the non-dealer, or elder hand.

†5. Of or pertaining to a more advanced period of life; later. Obsolete.In this sense elder days are the opposite of the elder days of sense A. 6, just as an older portrait has a younger face.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later

overeOE

latterOE

posterior1534

later1542

lateward1577

elder1597

inferior1641

ulterior1646

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iii. 43 I tender you my seruice..raw, and young, Which elder daies shal ripen.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. i. 14 To second illes with illes, each elder worse.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xvi. xi, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 535 He also was guilty of..a crime in his elder age.

a. That existed at a previous time; ancient, earlier, former.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective]

formerc1160

apassedc1314

past1340

preterite1340

eldera1400

elderna1400

eldernlya1400

bygone1424

bypast1452

ancient1490

by-runa1522

bywenta1522

spent1528

departed1552

forepassed1557

preter1578

by-come1592

worn-out1594

preterlapsed1599

foregone1609

worna1616

elapseda1644

lapsed1702

surpassed1725

gone-by1758

back1808

old-time1865

by-flown1884

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23867 We..In eldern men vr mirur se.

1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. 8 Many of the Elder Year-Books are Filled with Law, now not so much in use.

1828 C. Lamb Blakesmoor in Elia 2nd Ser. 173 Curiosity prevailing over elder devotion.

1868 C. M. Yonge Cameos 1st Ser. Introd. 2 The elder England has been so fully written of.

b. Of or pertaining to ancient times or to an earlier period.

ΚΠ

c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 202 In eeldir daies, whanne processioun was mad.

1610 W. Baldwin et al. in Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Induct. xii. 7 What thinges were done, in elder times of olde.

1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iv. 201 Huge as the giant race of elder times.

1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony ii. 35 Modern writers..may produce compositions in the elder style.

B. n.³ An elder person, literal and figurative.

†1.

a. A parent [compare modern German Eltern, plural.] ; an ancestor, forefather; hence, in wider sense, a predecessor, one who lived in former days. Almost exclusively in plural. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun]

elder-fathereOE

fatherOE

elder971

alderOE

eldfatherOE

forme-fadera1200

ancestorc1300

grandsirec1300

aiela1325

belsirea1325

predecessora1325

forefather1377

morea1382

progenitorc1384

antecessorc1400

forn-fatherc1460

forebear1488

ancient1540

antecestrec1550

fore-grandsirec1550

grandfather1575

ascendant1604

forerunnera1616

ancienter1654

tupuna1845

971 Blickl. Hom. 195 Ure yldran swultan and swiþe oft us from wendan.

OE Cynewulf Elene 462 Ða me yldra min ageaf ondsware, frod on fyrhðe fæder reordode.

a1067 Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 167 For mines fader and for allra minra yldrena sawlan.

c1175 Lamb. Hom. 123 Helle..we weren in bifolen þurh ure eldra gult.

c1230 Hali Meid. 27 Feire children..gladien muchel þe ealdren.

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3634 Þet me mine ældre [c1300 Otho eldre] dude scome.

1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 11 Here elderne..were y nome in ostage Fram the bataile of Troie.

c1325 Metr. Hom. 109 Underlout till thaim was he, Als god child au til elderes be.

1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 419 Þat agag of amalek · and al hus lyge puple Sholde deye delfulliche · for dedes of here eldren.

c1440 York Myst. xxvii. 14 That with oure elthers euer has bene.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. iv. 44 And sett himselfe amyde his elderis trone.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) John ix. 18 They called the elders of him that had receaued his sight.

1557 New Test. (Geneva) 2 Tim. i. 3 I thanke God, whome I serue from myne elders with pure conscience.

†b. transferred (see quot. 1719) Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) vi. 115 Some [branches] shoot directly out of the main Body..and may be called Elders, or Mothers.

a. (A person's) superior in age, senior. Almost exclusively in plural.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > senior person > [noun]

elderc1175

seniorc1380

elder mana1387

older1484

ancient1548

dad?1576

doyen1670

dean1687

daddy1877

key man1895

doyenne1905

c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13215 He þatt iss þin elldre.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12092 To his eldre worship drawe.

c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 125 That yonger men obeye unto thaire eldron.

1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. iii. f. 11 I haif had..vnderstanding abone my eldaris.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 7 So well I know my dutie to my elders .

1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. i. 7 If our Elders break all Reason's laws.

1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 411 I..leave my elders to judge of them.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 47 The child..undoubtingly listens to..his elders.

1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 21 The younger ones with jubilant cries Broke from their elders.

b. A person advanced in life.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > old person > old man > [noun]

old maneOE

bevara1275

beauperec1300

vieillard1475

Nestor?c1510

old gentleman1526

haga1529

velyarda1529

old fellow?1555

old sire1557

granfer1564

vecchioc1570

ageman1571

grave-porer1582

grandsire1595

huddle-duddle1599

elder1600

pantaloon1602

cuffc1616

crone1630

old boya1637

codger?1738

dry-beard1749

eld1796

patriarch1819

oubaas1824

old chap1840

pap1844

pop1844

tad1877

old baas1882

senex1898

finger1904

AK1911

alte kacker1911

poppa stoppa1944

madala1960

Ntate1975

1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 260 The witherd elder hath not his poule clawd like a parrot.

1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob xxix. 16 in Paraphr. Divine Poems From their seats the reverend elders rose.

1884 Illustr. London News 20 Sept. 268/12 The three elders, his companions in this terrible adventure, are now brought home.

3. A member of a ‘senate’, governing body or class, consisting of men venerable for age, or conventionally supposed to be so. Now chiefly Historical.Originally as transl. of the seniores of the Vulgate, rendering the Hebrew z'qēnīm (lit. ‘old men’). Cf. the equivalent Greek γέροντες.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior

ealdormanOE

seniorc1380

elder1382

seneka1400

ancient1534

society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > member of

elder1382

elder mana1387

senator1387

parliament mana1744

MHK1780

state senator1800

parliamentarian1889

MLA1897

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xix. 12 The aldren [MS. C. elderes; a1425 L.V. eldere men] of that citee shulen seende.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Susanna 50 The elders (that is the principall heades) sayde.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. xi. 31 The lettre which we dyd wryte vnto oure elder Lasthenus.

1611 Bible (King James) Ruth iv. 9 Boaz saide vnto the Elders, and vnto all the people.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 226 See our best Elders .

1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 586 The rev'rend Elders nodded o'er the Case.

1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. ii. 166 To which the chief and elders always lend their weight.

1870 W. E. Gladstone Primer of Homer (1878) 116 They bear the general appellation of gerontes, elders, as well as kings.

a. In ecclesiastical use. A literal rendering of Greek πρεσβύτερος, the title given to a certain order or class of office-bearers in the early Christian Church. The Greek word was adopted in ecclesiastical Latin as presbyter, and its historical representative in English is priest n. In certain Protestant churches, chiefly those called Presbyterian, the English word elder (with presbyter as an occasional synonym) is used as the designation of a class of officers intended to correspond in function to the ‘elders’ of the apostolic church.In the Presbyterian churches the term elders includes the clergy (for distinction called ‘teaching elders’), but in ordinary language it is restricted to the lay or ruling elders, who are chosen in each parish or congregation to act with the minister in the management of church affairs.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > presbyterian > [noun] > kirk-session > member of

elder1526

presbyter1581

lay elder1593

ruling elder1593

elderling1606

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xv. 6 And apostlis and eldre men camen to gidere.]

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Titus i. 5 That thou..shuldest ordeyne elders [ Wyclif, preestis] in every citie.

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 237/2 Seing y^e Church is compared to a flocke..the word shepeherde signifieth an Elder, not by age, but by office.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 289 Timothy was an Elder.

1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 288 When their Bishops are pull'd down, Our Elders shall be Sainted.

1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) iv. 426 Most of the churches..had one or more ruling elder.

a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 456 Robin..Play'd me sic a trick And me the Eller's dochter.

1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. viii. 419 The Kirk Session is..composed of the minister of the parish, and of lay-elders. New elders are chosen by the session.

1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish 31 The excellent Elder of Plymouth.

b. An order of priests in the Catholic Apostolic Church.

ΚΠ

1828 E. Irving Serm. I. p. xxiii These Sermons on the Incarnation..you received with all acceptation; and the Elders whom God hath set over you made choice of them to stand first in these volumes.

1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 238/1 Four-and-twenty priests, divided into the four ministries of ‘elders, prophets, evangelists, and pastors’... The understanding is that each elder, with his co-presbyters and deacons, shall have charge of 500 adult communicants in his district.

c. A minister of any denomination. U.S. local.

ΚΠ

1792 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. 1st Ser. II. 30 In the year 1673 settlers..employed one Elder Jones as their preacher.

1851 Second Advent Rev. & Sabbath Herald (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) 21 July 3/3 Elder Jesse Thompson and his companion [wife], (at whose table we are now writing,) were of this number.

1874 B. F. Taylor World on Wheels i. xix. 140 Take a young fellow from Hamilton or Rochester..and call him Elder, as his country brethren and sisters always will.

1921 R. M. Jones Later Periods Quakerism I. iv. 120 Even now in the rural districts of New England a minister of any denomination is called ‘Elder’.

1925 Z. A. Tilghman Dugout 7 I can remember some of the elder's sermon that day.

d. Quakerism. An officer of the Society of Friends appointed by a monthly meeting and responsible for the organization and proper conduct of meetings held within the jurisdiction of the monthly meeting.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Quakerism > [noun] > person > officer

elder1703

1703 Yearly Meeting Epistle (Friends House) 1 We..tenderly Recommend unto Faithful Friends, and Elders especially, to Watch over the Flock of Christ.

1789 Yearly Meeting Minutes (Friends House) XVIII. 527 This Committee is of the Judgment that the offices of Elder & Overseer are distinct.

1847 W. Evans & T. Evans Friends' Library XI. 425/2 This Epistle [of 31 Mar. 1672] seems to be specially addressed to Ministers, and those filling the responsible station of overseers of the flock; the duties subsequently assigned to Elders, probably devolved at this time, on the faithful, perhaps in both the stations above mentioned, but..especially on overseers.

1917 E. Grubb What is Quakerism? v. 99 The principal offices in the Society of Friends are those of Overseer and Elder. These officers are appointed, triennially, by the Monthly Meetings... The main work of the Elders is to foster more directly the spiritual life of the congregations, specially in regard to the vocal ministry.

1921 R. M. Jones Later Periods Quakerism I. iv. 132 Like the Elders, they had no absolute rules to guide them, but there slowly accumulated..a body of Advices and Queries which furnished the Overseers with a pretty clear line of procedure.

1974 G. Hubbard Quaker by Convincement iv. iii. 209 The whole concept of Elders and Overseers is that the functions of spiritual and material caring which would elsewhere devolve on a professional pastor should be carried by lay members.

1983 Milligan & Thomas My Ancestors were Quakers 14 The word ‘elder’ appears in Quaker documents from commonwealth days..here it means a seasoned Friend... The specific appointment by monthly meetings of elders ‘to counsel ministers’ belongs to the first half of the 18th century.

Special uses

S1.

elder-born adj.

ΚΠ

1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xv. 81 Elder-born am I.

S2.

elder-brotherhood n. the state or dignity of an elder brother.

ΚΠ

1884 Littell's Living Age No. 2077. 66 Its elder-brotherhood Writ on the face of its perfected plan.

elder-brotherly adj. pertaining or proper to an elder brother or sister.

ΚΠ

1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus 370 (note) This..assumed fatherly affection, under the name of elder-brotherly..what was it?

elder-sisterly adj. see elder-brotherly adj.

ΚΠ

1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne II. viii. 163 ‘So I told them’, said Fanny, with a demure, elder-sisterly air.

Compounds

elder-like adv.

ΚΠ

1641 Wits Recreations (new ed.) sig. N5 Now most Elder-like he can Behave himselfe.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iii. 542 Fathers of the church..what! elder-like Would ye this fairer than Susannah eye?

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

elderv.

Etymology: < elder adj.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈelder.

1. transitive. to elder it: to play the elder (brother or sister). nonce-word.

ΚΠ

1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 243 She elders it with such tender protection over the little sister.

2. intransitive. To become older, to begin to show age.

ΚΠ

1876 [see eldering adj. at Derivatives].

1885 S. W. Mitchell In War Time xii. 186 Before she went away she was what my nurse used to call ‘eldering’.

Derivatives

ˈeldering adj. poetic and colloquial

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > growing old

western1615

veterascent1642

senescent1656

not so (or as) young as one was (or used to be)1747

oldening1865

eldering1876

waning1895

1876 G. M. Hopkins Wreck of Deutschland xviii, in Poems (1967) 57 Never-eldering revel and river of youth.

1949 O. Nash Versus 121 In my eldering age.

Draft additions 1993

transitive. Of an elder in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers): to admonish (a Friend, esp. for inappropriate behaviour).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)]

threac897

threapc897

begripea1000

threata1000

castea1200

chaste?c1225

takec1275

blame1297

chastya1300

sniba1300

withnima1315

undernima1325

rebukec1330

snuba1340

withtakea1340

reprovec1350

chastisea1375

arate1377

challenge1377

undertake1377

reprehenda1382

repreync1390

runta1398

snapea1400

underfoc1400

to call to account1434

to put downc1440

snebc1440

uptakec1440

correptc1449

reformc1450

reprise?c1450

to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450

control1451

redarguec1475

berisp1481

to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522

checkc1530

admonish1541

nip1548

twig?1550

impreve1552

lesson1555

to take down1562

to haul (a person) over the coals1565

increpate1570

touch1570

school1573

to gather up1577

task1580

redarguate?1590

expostulate1592

tutor1599

sauce1601

snip1601

sneap1611

to take in tax1635

to sharp up1647

round1653

threapen1671

reprimand1681

to take to task1682

document1690

chapter1693

repulse1746

twink1747

to speak to ——1753

haul1795

to pull up1799

carpet1840

rig1841

to talk to1860

to take (a person) to the woodshed1882

rawhide1895

to tell off1897

to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900

to get on ——1904

to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908

strafe1915

tick1915

woodshed1935

to slap (a person) down1938

sort1941

bind1942

bottle1946

mat1948

ream1950

zap1961

elder1967

1912 [see eldering adj. at Additions].

1967 A. S. Byatt Game xi. 158 He apparently brought them to Meeting, and then stood up and talked for forty-five minutes... If he'd been anyone else, he'd have been eldered after fifteen minutes.

1978 Church Times 6 Jan. 8/2 At a recent Quaker meeting we were all told not to clap, and not long ago an acquaintance of mine was mildly ‘eldered’ in a friendly way for sitting with his legs crossed.

1987 A. Heron Gifts & Ministries 8 The use of the expressions ‘eldering’ and ‘to elder’..sometimes diverts attention from the principally positive aspects of eldership.

Draft additions 1993

eldering adj. also (in sense Additions) as n.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun]

telingeOE

chastiment?c1225

snapinga1300

snibbinga1300

reproving?1316

undernimminga1325

correctiona1340

threapening1340

admonishingc1350

reproofa1375

scourgingc1374

correptionc1380

repreyningc1390

reprehensiona1413

undertakingc1430

rebuke?a1439

admonition1440

correptingc1449

rebut?c1450

reprehendingc1450

redargution1483

reproval1493

increpation1502

prisec1540

tasking1543

check1588

improof1590

snubbing1600

threap1636

compellation1656

reprovement1675

reprimanding1698

rowing1812

lecturing1861

carpeting1888

eldering1912

woodshedding1940

stick1956

1912 Friends' Q. Examiner XLVI. 322 The following notes are interesting as illustrating some forms of eldering prevalent in those early days.

1955 M. H. Jones Rufus M. Jones ii. 18 A Friend took him aside..and told him, ‘Thou shouldst not have been thinking.’ The young visitor took this in good grace..but it might have wrecked his ministry, for such an eldering in such a place was a serious matter.

1986 Friends' Q. 24 165 The Earlham School of Religion and the Quaker Hill Conference Center..have sponsored a series of annual Consultations on..: eldering, discernment,..accountability.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2019).

n.¹a700

n.²1673

adj.n.³c888

v.1855

单词	elder
释义	eldern.¹ Brit. /ˈɛldə/, U.S. /ˈɛldər/ Forms: α. ellærn, ellæn, ellen, Middle English ellarne, Middle English ellerne, elrene, (Middle English elerne, elorne, ellern, elnereneMiddle English, 1800s dialect ellen), Middle English–1600s eller, Middle English–1500s eldre, Middle English eldyr, (1500s ellore), 1500s–1600s eldren, eldern, Middle English eller; β. Middle English helren, hilder ( -tre), hyldyr, hyllor, hillar, hillerne ( -tre), hyl ( -tre). Etymology: With Old English ellærn (of which ellen is apparently a reduced form, as ísen of ísern ) compare Middle Low German ellern , elderne , alhorn , elhorn (Schiller & Lübben), Flemish elhoren , alhoren (Kilian). Possibly an originally adjectival formation; compare German ahorn maple = Latin acernus adjective. (For the euphonic change of elr- to eldr- compare alder n.¹) The forms with initial h seem to belong to a wholly different word, probably of Old Norse origin; compare Danish hyld , hyldetræ , Swedish hyll , apparently related to the synonymous Old High German holuntar , Middle High German holander , holder , modern German holunder , holder ; in which a connection of some kind with hole n., hollow n., is plausible, as the tree might naturally have been named from its tubular stems. 1. A low tree or shrub, Sambucus nigra (family Caprifoliaceæ), called, for distinction, the Common or Black-berried Elder; bearing umbel-like corymbs of white flowers; the young branches are remarkable for their abundance of pith. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > tree or shrub groups > elder > [noun] eldera700 bourtreec1450 white umbrella1658 parsley-leaved elder1731 Judas tree1886 a700 Epinal Gloss. 893 Sambucus, ellaen. a800 Corpus Gloss. 1175 Sambucus, ellaern. c1000 Sax. Leechd. II. 68 Wiþ fotece genim ellenes leaf. c1150 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 556 Sambucus, suew, ellarne. c1325 Gloss. W. de Biblesw. in T. Wright Voc. 163 De suhen (hildertre, helren) font les souheaus. 1362 W. Langland Piers Plowman A. i. 66 Iudas he Iapede with þe Iewes seluer And on an Ellerne treo [v.r. eldir; 1377 B. i. 68 eller] hongede him after. c1425 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. 646 Hec sambuca, hyllortre. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum Eldyr or hyldyr, or hillerne tre [v.r. hillar; hyltre, or elerne; elder, or hyltre, or elorne]. a1450 Alphita 161 Sambucus..ellen. 1471 G. Ripley Compound of Alchymy v. xlii, in E. Ashmole Theatrum Chem. Britannicum (1652) 158 Wene they..to have..of an Elder an Apple swete? ?1523 J. Fitzherbert Bk. Husbandry f. xxxix^v The stakes of..ellore be good. 1608 H. Plat Floraes Paradise Beautified 21 Euery plant of an Eldern will grow. 1615 W. Lawson New Orchard & Garden (1648) 3 Some thinke the..eller [would have] a waterish marish. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) ii. iii. 27 My heart of Elder . View more context for this quotation 1744 J. Thomson Spring in Seasons (new ed.) 21 Then seek the Bank where flowering Elders croud. 1876 J. Harley Royle's Man. Materia Med. (ed. 6) 576 The Elder, indigenous in Europe, was known to the Greeks. 2. a. Extended to other species of the genus Sambucus; in North America applied chiefly to S. canadensis. With distinguishing epithets: dwarf elder n., ground elder n., dog elder ( S. Ebulus) = Danewort n. wild elder n. used by Lyte for S. racemosa. ΚΠ 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball iii. xliv. 379 The nature and vertues of the wilde Eldren are as yet unknowen. b. In popular names of other plants bearing a superficial resemblance to the elder: bishop's elder n., dog elder n., dwarf elder n., ground elder n., wild elder n. (cf. 2) names for Goutweed ( Ægopodium Podagraria). ground elder n. Angelica silvestris. marsh elder n. (or marish elder) , water elder n., white elder n. = guelder rose n. ( Viburnum Opulus). 3. Misused for alder n.¹ ΚΠ ?1533 G. Du Wes Introductorie for to lerne Frenche sig. Di Thelder, aulne. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Alno negro, the blacke Elder-tree. Compounds C1. General attributive. Also elderberry n., etc. a. elder-blossom n. ΚΠ 1862 W. Barnes Rhymes Dorset Dial. I. 76 A vield..Where elder-blossoms be a-spread. elder-branch n. ΚΠ 1579 E. Spenser Shepheardes Cal. Nov. 147 The Muses..Now bringen bitter Eldre braunches seare. elder-bud n. ΚΠ 1642 T. Fuller Holy State i. v. 12 In the beginning of the spring..sallads are made of eldern-buds. elder-bush n. ΚΠ 1815 W. Scott Guy Mannering I. i. 4 A hut, or farmhouse..surrounded by large elder-bushes. elder-flower n. ΚΠ 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §692 Of this kind are Elder-flowers, which therefore are proper for the Stone. 1718 J. Quincy Pharmacopœia Officinalis 133 Elder-flowers..Flowers from May to July. elder-pith n. ΚΠ a1640 J. Day & H. Chettle Blind-beggar (1659) sig. G4^v Thou wither'd Elder-pith. elder-stick n. ΚΠ 1532 T. More Confut. Tyndale in Wks. 425/1 No more then..thys greke woorde presbyteros signifyeth an elder sticke. elder-tree n. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. cxliv. 1043 Þe ellerne tree is hoot and druye and ryndes, leues, and floures þerof acordeþ to medycyne. 1566 W. Ward tr. G. Ruscelli Secretes iii. i. 11 b Foure vnces of the water of Elderne tree. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. 32 The Arabian Costus is the Root of a Shrub very like an Elder Tree. elder-vinegar n. ΚΠ 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 150. ⁋6 They had dissented..about the Preference of Elder to Wine-Vinegar. elder-wine n. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > non-grape and home-made wines > [noun] > elderberry wine ebulum1713 elder-wine1735 elderberry-wine1841 1735 G. Berkeley Querist §151 Men of nice palates have been imposed on, by elder wine for French claret. elder-wood n. ΚΠ 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) v. 464 A young stick of elder wood. b. elder-leaved adj. ΚΠ 1882 Garden 23 Sept. 273/1 The Elder-leaved or black Ash..the leaves of which..are serrated. C2. elder-blow n. elder-blossom. ΚΠ 1875 R. W. Emerson Poetry & Imag. in Wks. (1906) III. 154 The scent of an elder-blow..is event enough for him. elder-gun n. a pop-gun made of a hollow shoot of elder. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > toy or plaything > toy weapons > [noun] poop1489 pellet1553 trunk1553 elder-gun1600 popgun1649 spitter1688 pluff1695 whistling arrowa1718 pea-shooter1782 pea gun1812 detonating ball1814 pea-blower1821 pen-gun1821 pipegun1828 torpedo1831 spring gun1837 putty blower1861 tweaker1862 pluffera1866 bean-shooter1890 putty shooter1896 water pistol1897 stink bomb1915 cap-pistol1920 cap-gun1931 laser gun1961 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry V iv. i. 197 Tis a great displeasure That an elder gun, can do against a cannon. 1615 T. Overbury et al. New & Choise Characters with Wife (6th impr.) sig. M As Boies do Pellets in Elderne Gunnes. elder-moth n. Uropteryx Sambucata. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). eldern.² Etymology: compare Middle Dutch elder of same meaning; perhaps representing Old Germanic aliþro(m , < alan to nourish. (Not etymologically connected with udder n.)Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈelder. dialect. The udder of a cow or mare. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > cow > [noun] > (miscellaneous) parts of > udder stock1608 elder1673 milk-vessel1842 1673 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 17 The Elder: the Udder. 1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. vii. 262 Which was a yard and an inch high at 2 days old, and had..milk in its elder. 1797 J. Downing Treat. Disorders Horned Cattle 87 The beast should be..milked quite clean out of the elder. 1875 Lanc. Gloss. (E.D.S.) Hur [the cow's] elder's a bit sore. 1880 G. F. Jackson Shropshire Word-bk. s.v. (E.D.S.) The mar'..wuz glad to see the cowt for 'er elder wuz as 'ard as a stwun. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2019). elderadj.n.³ Brit. /ˈɛldə/, U.S. /ˈɛldər/ Forms: Old English (Mercian, Kentish) eldra, (Northumbrian, Mercian) ǣldra, (West Saxon) ieldra, yldra, Middle English eldere, eldre, ealdre, Middle English eældre, ældre, elldre, eldore, ælder, Middle English ( heldre), uldre, ildre, Middle English eilder, eldir, Middle English elther, yelder, eelder, (Scottish1500s eldar, 1700s ellar), Middle English– elder. See also older adj. Etymology: Old English ęldra (feminine and neuter ęldre ) = Old Saxon aldira , Old Frisian alder , elder , Old High German altiro , eltiro (modern German älter ), Old Norse eldre , ellre (Danish ældre ), Gothic alþiza < Germanic ˈalþizon- , regularly < alđo- , Old English ald (West Saxon eald ), old n.²The late West Saxon form yldra survived in the south as uldre (ü), ildre until the 13th cent. A. adj. The comparative of old adj.; formerly equivalent to the modern older adj. and n., but now restricted to certain special uses. 1. That has lived or existed longer; senior, more advanced in age. †a. Formerly used (both of persons and things) as a predicate; also as an attribute followed by than. Now superseded by older adj. and n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > [adjective] > older than an age > older elderOE greater?a1425 large1788 OE Riddle 40 42 Ic eom micle yldra þonne ymbhwyrft þes oþþe þes middangeard meahte geweorþan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 23 A þet ic beo ealdre. c1200 Moral Ode (Egerton MS.) 1 Ic æm elder þænne ic wæs, a winter and a lore. a1240 Wohunge in Cott. Hom. 277 Swa þu eldere wex, swa þu pourere was. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxvi. f. 56^v If she shall be as olde, or elder than I am. 1593 T. Bilson Perpetual Govt. Christes Church 364 The lawes of forren countries are farre elder then ours. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 248 How much more elder art thou then thy lookes. View more context for this quotation a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) ii. xxxiv. 161 Friendship is like wine, the elder the better. 1673 W. Cave Primitive Christianity i. vii. 203 A custom probably not much elder than his time. b. as attribute without than. Not now used of things, except with quasi-personification. Now chiefly with nouns denoting family relationship, or as denoting the senior of two indicated persons; otherwise somewhat archaic. Often with omission of the noun implied in the context. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > relationship to parent > [adjective] > elder of two children elderc888 olderc1435 c888 Ælfred tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. viii Ic ðe geongne gelærde swelce snytro swylce manegum oþrum ieldran gewittum oftogen is. c975 Durham Gosp. Luke xv. 25 Wæs ða sunu his ældra on lond. OE Beowulf 468 Wæs Heregar dead, min yldra mæg. 1279 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 367 Margarete..Þe eldore of þe tuo, in spoushod he nome. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xv. 25 Forsoth his eldere sone was in the feeld. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3861 Þe eilder sister he for-sok. c1478 in T. Stapleton Plumpton Corr. (1839) 38 The said Wil. Rycroft yelder. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 5 The elther suster vndirstode hym wele. 1718 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 10 Mar. (1837) II. 26 It is a great part of the work of the elder [1966 ed.: older] slaves to take care of these young girls. 1745 J. Wesley Wks. (1872) VIII. 217 These are too young; send elder men. 1815 W. Scott Lord of Isles vi. xvi. 244 Elder brother's care And elder brother's love were there. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (1876) IV. xvii. 47 The Cathedral Church of the bishoprick whose throne is now hidden in the elder minster of Saint Fritheswyth. c. elder statesman n. in Japan, a member of the Genro n.; transferred, a person of ripe years and experience whose counsel is therefore sought and valued. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > understanding > wisdom, sagacity > wise man, sage > [noun] > of ripe years elder statesman1921 1921 Contemp. Rev. July 8 Prince Yamagata..continues the most influential member of the Genro, or Elder Statesmen. 1923 19th Cent. Jan. 138 The exclusive powers of the genro, or elder statesmen, are passing with the men themselves. 1932 Fortune Sept. 100 This choice was exercised by the last of the genro, or ‘Elder Statesmen’, Prince Saionji, aged eighty-three. 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Elder statesmen. a In Japan, an informal body (genro)... b Any similar class of persons. 1935 G. Greene Bear fell Free One should have made some prescient elder-statesman pronouncement. 1937 John o' London's Weekly 15 Jan. 667 (heading) Balfour, the Elder Statesman. 1955 H. Spring These Lovers fled Away ii. 61 When you are twelve, a boy of fifteen..seems almost an elder statesman. 1958 Observer 19 Oct. 22/4 Professor Tawney is the elder statesman of English economic history. 1959 T. S. Eliot Elder Statesman ii. 56 The difference between being an elder statesman And posing successfully as an elder statesman Is practically negligible. †2. a. Of an obligation, right, or title: Of longer standing, prior, that has superior validity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > antecedence or being earlier > [adjective] ererc888 fernOE oldOE oldOE formerc1160 ratherc1330 before-goingc1384 formerc1384 forenexta1400 formea1400 while1399 antecedentc1400 precedentc1400 anteceding?a1425 late1446 whilom1452 preceding?a1475 forne1485 fore1490 heretofore1491 foregoing1530 toforegoing1532 further1557 firster1571 then1584 elder1594 quondam1598 forehand1600 previant1601 preallable1603 prior1607 anterior1608 previal1613 once1620 previous1621 predecessivea1627 antecedaneous?1631 preventive1641 prior1641 precedaneous1645 preventional1649 antegredient1652 senior1655 prevenient1656 precedential1661 antecedental1763 past-gone1784 antevenient1800 aforetime1835 one-time1850 onewhile1882 foretime1894 erstwhile1903 antecedane- ere- 1594 W. West Symbolæogr.: 2nd Pt. ii. Chancerie §139 It cannot be intended that..he would have left the elder bond..unsued for. 1642 tr. J. Perkins Profitable Bk. iv. §286. 126 If the possession bee not devested out of them, by an elder title. b. Of officials, etc.: That ranks before others by virtue of longer service; senior. Obsolete. ( Elder Brethren: see brother n. 6b.) ΚΠ 1721–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Elder Battalion, that Battalion which was first raised, and has the post of honour according to its standing. Elder Officers, such officers whose Commissions bear the eldest Date. †3. elder man n. Obsolete = B. 2, B. 3. Sometimes written as one word elderman. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > senior person > [noun] elderc1175 seniorc1380 elder mana1387 older1484 ancient1548 dad?1576 doyen1670 dean1687 daddy1877 key man1895 doyenne1905 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > member of elder1382 elder mana1387 senator1387 parliament mana1744 MHK1780 state senator1800 parliamentarian1889 MLA1897 a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 41 Þe senatoures and elder men of Rome. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 5784 Ga gedir samen þin eldir men. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 2 Jerom, & Gregor take a wey þe name of þe bischop, or heldarman. 1530 Compend. Olde Treat. sig. Aiij Y^e prophet Moyses hade chosen seuenty elder men. 1708 P. A. Motteux Wks. F. Rabelais iv. xxv So they call'd their eldest Elderman. 4. In Card-playing. elder hand n. the first player. Cf. eldest adj. 5. ΚΠ 1589 J. Lyly Pappe with Hatchet C iiij The poore Church should play at vnequal game, for it should loose al by the Elder hand. 1746 E. Hoyle Whist (ed. 6) 22 You are elder Hand. 1873 ‘Cavendish’ Piquet 29 The pack is then cut by the non-dealer, or elder hand. †5. Of or pertaining to a more advanced period of life; later. Obsolete.In this sense elder days are the opposite of the elder days of sense A. 6, just as an older portrait has a younger face. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adjective] > later overeOE latterOE posterior1534 later1542 lateward1577 elder1597 inferior1641 ulterior1646 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II ii. iii. 43 I tender you my seruice..raw, and young, Which elder daies shal ripen. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Cymbeline (1623) v. i. 14 To second illes with illes, each elder worse. View more context for this quotation 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xvi. xi, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 535 He also was guilty of..a crime in his elder age. 6. a. That existed at a previous time; ancient, earlier, former. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > [adjective] formerc1160 apassedc1314 past1340 preterite1340 eldera1400 elderna1400 eldernlya1400 bygone1424 bypast1452 ancient1490 by-runa1522 bywenta1522 spent1528 departed1552 forepassed1557 preter1578 by-come1592 worn-out1594 preterlapsed1599 foregone1609 worna1616 elapseda1644 lapsed1702 surpassed1725 gone-by1758 back1808 old-time1865 by-flown1884 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 23867 We..In eldern men vr mirur se. 1668 M. Hale Pref. Rolle's Abridgm. 8 Many of the Elder Year-Books are Filled with Law, now not so much in use. 1828 C. Lamb Blakesmoor in Elia 2nd Ser. 173 Curiosity prevailing over elder devotion. 1868 C. M. Yonge Cameos 1st Ser. Introd. 2 The elder England has been so fully written of. b. Of or pertaining to ancient times or to an earlier period. ΚΠ c1449 R. Pecock Repressor (1860) 202 In eeldir daies, whanne processioun was mad. 1610 W. Baldwin et al. in Mirour for Magistrates (new ed.) Induct. xii. 7 What thinges were done, in elder times of olde. 1801 R. Southey Thalaba I. iv. 201 Huge as the giant race of elder times. 1867 G. A. Macfarren Six Lect. Harmony ii. 35 Modern writers..may produce compositions in the elder style. B. n.³ An elder person, literal and figurative. †1. a. A parent [compare modern German Eltern, plural.] ; an ancestor, forefather; hence, in wider sense, a predecessor, one who lived in former days. Almost exclusively in plural. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > ancestor > [noun] elder-fathereOE fatherOE elder971 alderOE eldfatherOE forme-fadera1200 ancestorc1300 grandsirec1300 aiela1325 belsirea1325 predecessora1325 forefather1377 morea1382 progenitorc1384 antecessorc1400 forn-fatherc1460 forebear1488 ancient1540 antecestrec1550 fore-grandsirec1550 grandfather1575 ascendant1604 forerunnera1616 ancienter1654 tupuna1845 971 Blickl. Hom. 195 Ure yldran swultan and swiþe oft us from wendan. OE Cynewulf Elene 462 Ða me yldra min ageaf ondsware, frod on fyrhðe fæder reordode. a1067 Chart. Eadweard in Cod. Dipl. IV. 167 For mines fader and for allra minra yldrena sawlan. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 123 Helle..we weren in bifolen þurh ure eldra gult. c1230 Hali Meid. 27 Feire children..gladien muchel þe ealdren. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 3634 Þet me mine ældre [c1300 Otho eldre] dude scome. 1297 R. Gloucester's Chron. (1724) 11 Here elderne..were y nome in ostage Fram the bataile of Troie. c1325 Metr. Hom. 109 Underlout till thaim was he, Als god child au til elderes be. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. iv. 419 Þat agag of amalek · and al hus lyge puple Sholde deye delfulliche · for dedes of here eldren. c1440 York Myst. xxvii. 14 That with oure elthers euer has bene. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid vii. iv. 44 And sett himselfe amyde his elderis trone. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) John ix. 18 They called the elders of him that had receaued his sight. 1557 New Test. (Geneva) 2 Tim. i. 3 I thanke God, whome I serue from myne elders with pure conscience. †b. transferred (see quot. 1719) Obsolete. ΚΠ 1719 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (ed. 7) vi. 115 Some [branches] shoot directly out of the main Body..and may be called Elders, or Mothers. 2. a. (A person's) superior in age, senior. Almost exclusively in plural. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > senior person > [noun] elderc1175 seniorc1380 elder mana1387 older1484 ancient1548 dad?1576 doyen1670 dean1687 daddy1877 key man1895 doyenne1905 c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13215 He þatt iss þin elldre. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 12092 To his eldre worship drawe. c1420 Pallad. on Husb. i. 125 That yonger men obeye unto thaire eldron. 1552 Abp. J. Hamilton Catech. i. iii. f. 11 I haif had..vnderstanding abone my eldaris. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 7 So well I know my dutie to my elders . View more context for this quotation 1737 A. Pope Epist. of Horace ii. i. 7 If our Elders break all Reason's laws. 1801 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 5 411 I..leave my elders to judge of them. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 47 The child..undoubtingly listens to..his elders. 1864 Ld. Tennyson Enoch Arden in Enoch Arden, etc. 21 The younger ones with jubilant cries Broke from their elders. b. A person advanced in life. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > old person > old man > [noun] old maneOE bevara1275 beauperec1300 vieillard1475 Nestor?c1510 old gentleman1526 haga1529 velyarda1529 old fellow?1555 old sire1557 granfer1564 vecchioc1570 ageman1571 grave-porer1582 grandsire1595 huddle-duddle1599 elder1600 pantaloon1602 cuffc1616 crone1630 old boya1637 codger?1738 dry-beard1749 eld1796 patriarch1819 oubaas1824 old chap1840 pap1844 pop1844 tad1877 old baas1882 senex1898 finger1904 AK1911 alte kacker1911 poppa stoppa1944 madala1960 Ntate1975 1600 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 2 ii. iv. 260 The witherd elder hath not his poule clawd like a parrot. View more context for this quotation 1638 G. Sandys Paraphr. Iob xxix. 16 in Paraphr. Divine Poems From their seats the reverend elders rose. 1884 Illustr. London News 20 Sept. 268/12 The three elders, his companions in this terrible adventure, are now brought home. 3. A member of a ‘senate’, governing body or class, consisting of men venerable for age, or conventionally supposed to be so. Now chiefly Historical.Originally as transl. of the seniores of the Vulgate, rendering the Hebrew z'qēnīm (lit. ‘old men’). Cf. the equivalent Greek γέροντες. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > holder of office > [noun] > senior ealdormanOE seniorc1380 elder1382 seneka1400 ancient1534 society > authority > rule or government > ruler or governor > deliberative, legislative, or administrative assembly > governing or legislative body of a nation or community > [noun] > member of elder1382 elder mana1387 senator1387 parliament mana1744 MHK1780 state senator1800 parliamentarian1889 MLA1897 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Deut. xix. 12 The aldren [MS. C. elderes; a1425 L.V. eldere men] of that citee shulen seende. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Susanna 50 The elders (that is the principall heades) sayde. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) 1 Macc. xi. 31 The lettre which we dyd wryte vnto oure elder Lasthenus. 1611 Bible (King James) Ruth iv. 9 Boaz saide vnto the Elders, and vnto all the people. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 226 See our best Elders . View more context for this quotation 1720 A. Pope tr. Homer Iliad V. xviii. 586 The rev'rend Elders nodded o'er the Case. 1815 M. Elphinstone Acct. Kingdom Caubul ii. ii. 166 To which the chief and elders always lend their weight. 1870 W. E. Gladstone Primer of Homer (1878) 116 They bear the general appellation of gerontes, elders, as well as kings. 4. a. In ecclesiastical use. A literal rendering of Greek πρεσβύτερος, the title given to a certain order or class of office-bearers in the early Christian Church. The Greek word was adopted in ecclesiastical Latin as presbyter, and its historical representative in English is priest n. In certain Protestant churches, chiefly those called Presbyterian, the English word elder (with presbyter as an occasional synonym) is used as the designation of a class of officers intended to correspond in function to the ‘elders’ of the apostolic church.In the Presbyterian churches the term elders includes the clergy (for distinction called ‘teaching elders’), but in ordinary language it is restricted to the lay or ruling elders, who are chosen in each parish or congregation to act with the minister in the management of church affairs. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > presbyterian > [noun] > kirk-session > member of elder1526 presbyter1581 lay elder1593 ruling elder1593 elderling1606 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xv. 6 And apostlis and eldre men camen to gidere.] 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Titus i. 5 That thou..shuldest ordeyne elders [ Wyclif, preestis] in every citie. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 237/2 Seing y^e Church is compared to a flocke..the word shepeherde signifieth an Elder, not by age, but by office. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xlii. 289 Timothy was an Elder. 1719 T. D'Urfey Wit & Mirth II. 288 When their Bishops are pull'd down, Our Elders shall be Sainted. 1765 T. Hutchinson Hist. Colony Massachusets-Bay, 1628–91 (ed. 2) iv. 426 Most of the churches..had one or more ruling elder. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 456 Robin..Play'd me sic a trick And me the Eller's dochter. 1837 J. R. McCulloch Statist. Acct. Brit. Empire II. iv. viii. 419 The Kirk Session is..composed of the minister of the parish, and of lay-elders. New elders are chosen by the session. 1858 H. W. Longfellow Courtship Miles Standish 31 The excellent Elder of Plymouth. b. An order of priests in the Catholic Apostolic Church. ΚΠ 1828 E. Irving Serm. I. p. xxiii These Sermons on the Incarnation..you received with all acceptation; and the Elders whom God hath set over you made choice of them to stand first in these volumes. 1876 Encycl. Brit. V. 238/1 Four-and-twenty priests, divided into the four ministries of ‘elders, prophets, evangelists, and pastors’... The understanding is that each elder, with his co-presbyters and deacons, shall have charge of 500 adult communicants in his district. c. A minister of any denomination. U.S. local. ΚΠ 1792 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. 1st Ser. II. 30 In the year 1673 settlers..employed one Elder Jones as their preacher. 1851 Second Advent Rev. & Sabbath Herald (Saratoga Springs, N.Y.) 21 July 3/3 Elder Jesse Thompson and his companion [wife], (at whose table we are now writing,) were of this number. 1874 B. F. Taylor World on Wheels i. xix. 140 Take a young fellow from Hamilton or Rochester..and call him Elder, as his country brethren and sisters always will. 1921 R. M. Jones Later Periods Quakerism I. iv. 120 Even now in the rural districts of New England a minister of any denomination is called ‘Elder’. 1925 Z. A. Tilghman Dugout 7 I can remember some of the elder's sermon that day. d. Quakerism. An officer of the Society of Friends appointed by a monthly meeting and responsible for the organization and proper conduct of meetings held within the jurisdiction of the monthly meeting. ΘΚΠ society > faith > sect > Christianity > Protestantism > Quakerism > [noun] > person > officer elder1703 1703 Yearly Meeting Epistle (Friends House) 1 We..tenderly Recommend unto Faithful Friends, and Elders especially, to Watch over the Flock of Christ. 1789 Yearly Meeting Minutes (Friends House) XVIII. 527 This Committee is of the Judgment that the offices of Elder & Overseer are distinct. 1847 W. Evans & T. Evans Friends' Library XI. 425/2 This Epistle [of 31 Mar. 1672] seems to be specially addressed to Ministers, and those filling the responsible station of overseers of the flock; the duties subsequently assigned to Elders, probably devolved at this time, on the faithful, perhaps in both the stations above mentioned, but..especially on overseers. 1917 E. Grubb What is Quakerism? v. 99 The principal offices in the Society of Friends are those of Overseer and Elder. These officers are appointed, triennially, by the Monthly Meetings... The main work of the Elders is to foster more directly the spiritual life of the congregations, specially in regard to the vocal ministry. 1921 R. M. Jones Later Periods Quakerism I. iv. 132 Like the Elders, they had no absolute rules to guide them, but there slowly accumulated..a body of Advices and Queries which furnished the Overseers with a pretty clear line of procedure. 1974 G. Hubbard Quaker by Convincement iv. iii. 209 The whole concept of Elders and Overseers is that the functions of spiritual and material caring which would elsewhere devolve on a professional pastor should be carried by lay members. 1983 Milligan & Thomas My Ancestors were Quakers 14 The word ‘elder’ appears in Quaker documents from commonwealth days..here it means a seasoned Friend... The specific appointment by monthly meetings of elders ‘to counsel ministers’ belongs to the first half of the 18th century. Special uses S1. elder-born adj. ΚΠ 1870 W. C. Bryant tr. Homer Iliad II. xv. 81 Elder-born am I. S2. elder-brotherhood n. the state or dignity of an elder brother. ΚΠ 1884 Littell's Living Age No. 2077. 66 Its elder-brotherhood Writ on the face of its perfected plan. elder-brotherly adj. pertaining or proper to an elder brother or sister. ΚΠ 1823 ‘G. Smith’ Not Paul, but Jesus 370 (note) This..assumed fatherly affection, under the name of elder-brotherly..what was it? elder-sisterly adj. see elder-brotherly adj. ΚΠ 1870 M. Bridgman Robert Lynne II. viii. 163 ‘So I told them’, said Fanny, with a demure, elder-sisterly air. Compounds elder-like adv. ΚΠ 1641 Wits Recreations (new ed.) sig. N5 Now most Elder-like he can Behave himselfe. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc iii. 542 Fathers of the church..what! elder-like Would ye this fairer than Susannah eye? This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). elderv. Etymology: < elder adj.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈelder. 1. transitive. to elder it: to play the elder (brother or sister). nonce-word. ΚΠ 1855 Chambers's Jrnl. 3 243 She elders it with such tender protection over the little sister. 2. intransitive. To become older, to begin to show age. ΚΠ 1876 [see eldering adj. at Derivatives]. 1885 S. W. Mitchell In War Time xii. 186 Before she went away she was what my nurse used to call ‘eldering’. Derivatives ˈeldering adj. poetic and colloquial ΘΚΠ the world > life > source or principle of life > age > old age > [adjective] > growing old western1615 veterascent1642 senescent1656 not so (or as) young as one was (or used to be)1747 oldening1865 eldering1876 waning1895 1876 G. M. Hopkins Wreck of Deutschland xviii, in Poems (1967) 57 Never-eldering revel and river of youth. 1949 O. Nash Versus 121 In my eldering age. Draft additions 1993 transitive. Of an elder in the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers): to admonish (a Friend, esp. for inappropriate behaviour). ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > rebuke or reprove [verb (transitive)] threac897 threapc897 begripea1000 threata1000 castea1200 chaste?c1225 takec1275 blame1297 chastya1300 sniba1300 withnima1315 undernima1325 rebukec1330 snuba1340 withtakea1340 reprovec1350 chastisea1375 arate1377 challenge1377 undertake1377 reprehenda1382 repreync1390 runta1398 snapea1400 underfoc1400 to call to account1434 to put downc1440 snebc1440 uptakec1440 correptc1449 reformc1450 reprise?c1450 to tell (a person) his (also her, etc.) own1450 control1451 redarguec1475 berisp1481 to hit (cross) one over (of, on) the thumbs1522 checkc1530 admonish1541 nip1548 twig?1550 impreve1552 lesson1555 to take down1562 to haul (a person) over the coals1565 increpate1570 touch1570 school1573 to gather up1577 task1580 redarguate?1590 expostulate1592 tutor1599 sauce1601 snip1601 sneap1611 to take in tax1635 to sharp up1647 round1653 threapen1671 reprimand1681 to take to task1682 document1690 chapter1693 repulse1746 twink1747 to speak to ——1753 haul1795 to pull up1799 carpet1840 rig1841 to talk to1860 to take (a person) to the woodshed1882 rawhide1895 to tell off1897 to tell (someone) where he or she gets off1900 to get on ——1904 to put (a person) in (also into) his, her place1908 strafe1915 tick1915 woodshed1935 to slap (a person) down1938 sort1941 bind1942 bottle1946 mat1948 ream1950 zap1961 elder1967 1912 [see eldering adj. at Additions]. 1967 A. S. Byatt Game xi. 158 He apparently brought them to Meeting, and then stood up and talked for forty-five minutes... If he'd been anyone else, he'd have been eldered after fifteen minutes. 1978 Church Times 6 Jan. 8/2 At a recent Quaker meeting we were all told not to clap, and not long ago an acquaintance of mine was mildly ‘eldered’ in a friendly way for sitting with his legs crossed. 1987 A. Heron Gifts & Ministries 8 The use of the expressions ‘eldering’ and ‘to elder’..sometimes diverts attention from the principally positive aspects of eldership. Draft additions 1993 eldering adj. also (in sense Additions) as n. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > rebuke or reproof > [noun] telingeOE chastiment?c1225 snapinga1300 snibbinga1300 reproving?1316 undernimminga1325 correctiona1340 threapening1340 admonishingc1350 reproofa1375 scourgingc1374 correptionc1380 repreyningc1390 reprehensiona1413 undertakingc1430 rebuke?a1439 admonition1440 correptingc1449 rebut?c1450 reprehendingc1450 redargution1483 reproval1493 increpation1502 prisec1540 tasking1543 check1588 improof1590 snubbing1600 threap1636 compellation1656 reprovement1675 reprimanding1698 rowing1812 lecturing1861 carpeting1888 eldering1912 woodshedding1940 stick1956 1912 Friends' Q. Examiner XLVI. 322 The following notes are interesting as illustrating some forms of eldering prevalent in those early days. 1955 M. H. Jones Rufus M. Jones ii. 18 A Friend took him aside..and told him, ‘Thou shouldst not have been thinking.’ The young visitor took this in good grace..but it might have wrecked his ministry, for such an eldering in such a place was a serious matter. 1986 Friends' Q. 24 165 The Earlham School of Religion and the Quaker Hill Conference Center..have sponsored a series of annual Consultations on..: eldering, discernment,..accountability. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2019). < n.¹a700n.²1673adj.n.³c888v.1855
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eldern.1

Compounds

eldern.2

elderadj.n.3

Special uses

Compounds

elderv.

Derivatives

Draft additions 1993

Draft additions 1993

eldern.¹

eldern.²

elderadj.n.³