| 释义 |
abashv. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French abaiss-, abaïr. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman abaiss-, extended stem (compare -ish suffix2) of abaïr, alteration (after a- a- prefix5) of Anglo-Norman and Middle French esbaïr , esbahir (French ébahir ) (intransitive) to be amazed, astonished (first half of the 12th cent.), (transitive) to amaze, astonish (1212 or earlier), to strike terror into (1380 or earlier), (reflexive) to lose confidence (c1170), to be frightened (c1275) < es- es- prefix + baïr to perplex (c1185 in Anglo-Norman as past participle used as adjective), to frighten (late 12th cent. in Anglo-Norman), perhaps < an interjection expressing astonishment (see bah int.); compare French beer to have the mouth open, to gape: see bay v.3 Compare esbay v. Compare French habai, past participle used as adjective (second half of the 13th cent.; Middle French (Lorraine) abahy, both rare); and also (with further variation of the prefix) Old French, Middle French embahi, part participle used as adjective (mid 12th cent., rare). Compare Old Occitan esbaïr, embaïr.On the development of the ending in English see discussion at -ish suffix2. There was some formal overlap between this word and the etymologically distinct, but semantically close abase v. (which itself also has early variants with final -sh : see β. forms at abase v.). 1. To cause (a person) to lose his or her self-possession or confidence, esp. as a result of a sudden sense of embarrassment, shame, or humiliation; to throw (a person, the mind, feelings, etc.) into confusion; to discomfit, disconcert. Also in extended use. the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > shame [verb (transitive)] > abash c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Mark v. 42 Thei weren abaischt [a1425 L.V. abaischid; L. obstupuerunt] with greet stoneyinge. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) 149 (MED) Þat oþer burne watz abayst of his broþe wordez..so scoumfit of his scylle. c1405 (c1395) G. Chaucer (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 1011 Right noght was she abayst [v.r. abast, abayssht, abasshed, abassched] of hir clothyng Thogh it were rude. c1500 King & Hermit in M. M. Furrow (1985) 251 When þat they..of herborow wer abayst, He wold þem wysse and rede. 1598 Chaucers Dreame in T. Speght f. 361/2 Of which sight glad, God it wot She was abashed, anon a boot. 1636 J. Trussell 38 Being more abashed by the one, then incouraged by the other, hee was perplexed in uncertaine termes. 1711 No. 226. (1747) 350 St. Thomas..abashed by the Conscience of his former Diffidence. 1796 F. Burney I. ii. iv. 202 Camilla looked hastily away, and her whole set, abashed by so unseasoned an inquiry, cast down their eyes. 1839 S. H. Burney II. v. 129 Mrs. Marchmont, struck and abashed by this warm and unwonted remonstrance, flew..to her brother. 1876 W. E. Gladstone 72 I might have been abashed by their authority. 1903 W. D. Howells xlix. 297 These money-getters, though they are bewildered by the difference of some other man, are never abashed by it. 2004 (Nexis) 25 Apr. 4 Five years ago I wrote a piece suggesting that M&S might be doomed, and was then abashed by its apparent recovery. c1450 tr. G. Deguileville (Cambr.) (1869) 117 It is thilke [sc. a horn] bi which j abashe alle the bestes of the cuntre. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour (St. John's Cambr.) viii. 247 And thouch that thai be may than we, That suld abais [1489 Adv. abays] ws litill thing. a1525 J. Irland Of Penance & Confession in W. A. Craigie (1923) I. 30 The raddour of deid wald abaise the sa gretly. 1574 A. Golding tr. A. Marlorat 26 For although lightning be bright, yet is it not chærefull, but rather abasheth men. a1634 A. Gardyne (1878) 59 My few forces..Abazed the Brutans. 1649 W. Blith 92 If the Presidenting these Experiences will not satisfie and abash the Oppressor, I am sure I shall shame my selfe by my Prolixity. 1752 H. Fielding I. iii. ix. 250 A Man whom no Denial, no Scorn could abash. 1820 31 July 2/5 The overbearing doctrines of his Minister failed to abash or intimidate the Neapolitans. 1863 H. Rogers iii. 83 If not to convince, to silence and abash the gainsayer. 1915 in P. Farrer (1997) 92 When Mabel called her attention to my waist, the girl, to abash me, good humouredly teased me for being so vain. 1997 ‘R. Hobb’ (1998) 642 She caught my quick glance and abashed me by meeting my eyes squarely. †2. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 170 (MED) Þe kyng abaist him nouht, bot stalworthly fauht. a1450 (c1410) H. Lovelich xxi. l. 291 Thanne the kyng Abasched him sore For þe wordes he herde thore. a1475 (Lansd.) (1998) I. l. 4442 (MED) A man þat shal a resoun showe, And he abasshe him som þrowe, He may lese his skile amonge, For a man wole seie he haþ þe wronge. 1485 W. Caxton tr. (1957) 53 Abasshe you not for thys derkenes. 1587 A. Day tr. J. Amyot ii. sig. 3v Abashing him selfe wonderfullye of his so great towardnes, in signe of loue and good affection he bare vnto him, he gaue him his flute. the mind > mental capacity > expectation > surprise, unexpectedness > happen or move unexpectedly [verb (intransitive)] > act with surprise the mind > emotion > humility > feeling of shame > be ashamed [verb (intransitive)] > be abashed ?c1400 (c1380) G. Chaucer tr. Boethius (BL Add. 10340) (1868) iv. pr. vii. l. 4213 No strong man ne semeþ nat to abassen [?c1425 Cambr. Ii.3.21 abayssen] or disdaignen [L. indignari] as ofte tyme as he hereþ þe noise of þe bataile. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre (1913) 60 The herte of a man sholde not abasshe in no thing. 1530 J. Palsgrave I abasshe, or am amazed of any thing, Je me esbahis. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1731/2 For shee notwithstanding all the fearefull newes that were brought to hir that day, neuer abashed. 1584 King James VI & I sig. H She did shame The Sunne himself, her coulour was so bright, Till he abashit beholding such a light. 1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith vi. 88 in J. Sylvester (new ed.) Abash not reader though this reckles Roy..Was thus beguilde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  v.c1384 |
