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单词 duration
释义

durationn.

/djʊˈreɪʃən/
Etymology: < obsolete French duration, < late Latin dūrātiōn-em , noun of action < dūrāre to harden, endure: see dure v. Used by Chaucer, and then after 1600; not in Shakespeare.
1.
a. Lasting, continuance in time; the continuance or length of time; the time during which a thing, action, or state continues.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [noun]
lengtha1240
date?1316
durationc1384
hautesse1399
quantity?a1425
periodc1475
tracta1513
allowance1526
continuance1530
wideness1535
continue1556
protense1590
countenance1592
stay1595
standing1600
dimension1605
longanimity1607
longinquity1607
insisture1609
existence1615
unprivationa1628
continuity1646
protension1654
measure1658
course1665
contention1666
propagation1741
protensity1886
c1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame iii. 1024 And yaf hem eke duracioun.
c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 2132 That same Prince..Hath stabliced in this wrecched world adoun Certeine dayes and duracioun [Corp., Petworth, Lansd. dominacioun] To al that is engendred in this place.
1614 T. Jackson Third Bk. Comm. Apostles Creede iii. xxx. §5. 283 The actuall visibilitie of colours wholly depends vpon the light, as well for existence as duration.
1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 287 What is Duration, but the persevering of a thing in its existence?
1685 R. Boyle Exper. Disc. Salubr. Air 80 in Ess. Effects Motion Their duration was unequal, some lasting ten or fifteen days, and others longer.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 94. ¶5 That Space of Duration which we call a Minute.
1783 W. Cowper Let. 24 Feb. (1981) II. 109 The Peace will probably be of short duration.
1862 B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iv. 118 The average duration of human life in the agricultural districts is beyond that of the great cities.
b. Lasting in use; endurance of wear; durableness, permanence. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [noun] > durability
tack1412
durableness1579
durability1593
durance1599
duration1637
wearability1927
the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [noun]
durabilityc1374
duringc1374
lastingnessa1398
perdurance1508
permanence1509
durancea1513
permanency1555
durableness1587
indeficiency1614
duration1637
durancy1647
indelibleness1655
unfailingnessa1656
undissolution1662
permanentness1727
persistency1833
out-take1866
1637 Earl of Monmouth tr. V. Malvezzi Romulus & Tarquin 139 That Magistracy in States is of duration, which is content to execute as a Minister, not to command as a Lord.
1665 T. Herbert Some Years Trav. (new ed.) 380 Date..a Tree which both for quality, duration, and fruit is [etc.].
1712 J. James tr. A.-J. Dézallier d'Argenville Theory & Pract. Gardening 212 A Bason..of Ciment, is preferable to all for its Duration.
1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea I. xxxiv. 232 The brick..appears to be ill prepared for duration.
c. Phonetics. The quantity or length of a sound.
ΚΠ
1888 H. Sweet Hist. Eng. Sounds (new ed.) 9. §21 A sound which can form a syllable by itself is called syllabic. Syllabicness implies an appreciable duration and force.
1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. vii. 109 Duration (or quantity) is the relative length of time through which the vocal organs are kept in a position.
1957 S. Potter Mod. Ling. iii. 60 Many degrees of length, duration or quantity may be detected by observation and experiment in most languages.
1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. 24 We shall..refer later to the ‘long’ vowels of English such as those of bean and barn, as compared with the ‘short’ vowel in bin. But, in making such statements, we shall not be referring to absolute duration values.
d. The time during which a war lasts, used first of the 1914–18 war from the term of enlistment ‘for four years or the duration of the war’; esp. in for the duration, until the end of the war; hence, for a long or an unconscionably long time. Also attributive.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adverb] > for a long time
longeOE
longOE
longlyOE
longsomelyOE
yorec1275
lastingly1372
longsa1450
for longa1530
in length1566
with the longest1636
stayingly1648
eternally1664
sometime1801
chronically1854
forever1861
somewhile1864
for the duration1916
long-term1947
secularly1971
1916 Punch 12 July 51 ‘I've got a lot of contracts to finish.’ ‘How long will they take?’ ‘Oh, about three years—or the duration of the War.’
1925 E. Fraser & J. Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 86 Duration, for the, a phrase often used colloquially to express weariness and impatience. Men, for instance, whose relief was long overdue might be heard complaining, ‘Are we going to stop here for the duration?’
1930 Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Apr. Nothing so prosaic as ‘doing one's bit’ would have kept an Italian heart up ‘for the duration’.
1939 Punch 1 Nov. 483/1 Miss Dodge's motor-bicycle..has been laid up for the duration.
1940 New Statesman 19 Oct. 381 We have received a number of letters from country readers offering week-end hospitality for those who must work in London, or ‘duration’ hospitality for their children.
1941 M. Treadgold We couldn't leave Dinah xi. 176 That ought to keep you busy for the duration.
1960 L. Durrell Clea ii. iii. 157 The war had intervened... The Brigadier was pinned down..‘for the duration’.
2. Hardening. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > constitution of matter > hardness > [noun] > becoming or making hard
hardingeOE
hardingc1405
hardening?c1425
hardening?c1425
duration1617
obduration1654
during1804
1617 J. Woodall Surgions Mate Termes 342 Duration is either when things mollified at the fire are set in a colde place to harden: or by boiling..doe wax hard.
1657 R. Tomlinson tr. J. de Renou Physical Inst. ii, in Medicinal Dispensatory sig. L2 The doctrine of Mollition and Duration.

Compounds

duration-block n. (see quots.).
ΚΠ
1890 W. James Princ. Psychol. I. xv. 610 The unit of composition of our perception of time is a duration, with a bow and a stern, as it were—a rearward- and a forward-looking end. It is only as parts of this duration-block that the relation of succession of one end to the other is perceived.
1935 Mind 44 33 There is no such thing as a simple present; the present, to use William James's expression, is a ‘duration-block’ made up of ‘succeeding’ parts.

Derivatives

duˈrational adj. pertaining to duration.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective]
longOE
timefulc1390
voluminousa1661
protensive1673
diachronic1857
durational1881
1881 Spottiswoode in Nature No. 623. 549 The durational character of this former is very much more marked than that of this latter.
1930 F. R. Blake in Curme Vol. Ling. Studies 38 There is only one temporal durational case.
1942 Mind 51 150 Only when they have been redigested and creatively synthesized as metaphysical derivatives of eternal action can their durational causality be discovered.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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