empathyn.

Brit.

/ˈɛmpəθi/, U.S.

/ˈɛmpəθi/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: em- prefix, -pathy comb. form.

Etymology: < em- prefix + -pathy comb. form. In sense 1 after German Empathie (K. Lasswitz 1895, in Archiv f. systematische Philosophie 1 54). In sense 2 after German Einfühlung (in this specific sense T. Lipps Leitfaden d. Psychol. (1903) 187; compare einfühlung n.). Compare Hellenistic Greek ἐμπάθεια physical affection, passion < ancient Greek ἐμπαθής in a state of emotion, affected (by something) ( < ἐμ- , variant (before a labial) of ἐν- en- prefix² + -παθής -path comb. form) + -εια -y suffix³.

Originally Psychology and Philosophy.

†1. In the psychological theory of K. Lasswitz: a physical property of the nervous system analogous to electrical capacitance, believed to be correlated with feeling. Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1895 E. L. Hinman tr. K. Lasswitz in Philos. Rev. 4 673 For the capacity factor of psychophysical energy the name ‘empathy’ is proposed. Empathy is then a physical quantity, a physiological brain-function, and is defined as the relation of the whole energy at any change of the central organ to the intensity.

a. Psychology and Aesthetics. The quality or power of projecting one's personality into or mentally identifying oneself with an object of contemplation, and so fully understanding or appreciating it. Now rare.Later use of the term in Psychology is usually understood as a more specific use of sense 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > projection of personality > [noun]

einfühlung1904

empathy1909

rapport1923

1909 E. B. Titchener Lect. Exper. Psychol. Thought-processes i. 21 Not only do I see gravity and modesty and pride..but I feel or act them in the mind's muscles. This is, I suppose, a simple case of empathy, if we may coin that term as a rendering of Einfühlung.

1909 E. B. Titchener Lect. Exper. Psychol. Thought-processes v. 185 All such ‘feelings’..normally take the form, in my experience, of motor empathy.

1912 Academy 17 Aug. 209/2 [Lipps] propounded the theory that the appreciation of a work of art depended upon the capacity of the spectator to project his personality into the object of contemplation. One had to ‘feel oneself into it’... This mental process he called by the name of Einfühlung, or, as it has been translated, Empathy.

1928 ‘R. West’ Strange Necessity 102 The active power of empathy which makes the creative artist, or the passive power of empathy which makes the appreciator of art.

1928 Observer 29 July 5 Joyce, like Proust, is the possessor of a violent empathy.

1955 D. Davie Articulate Energy iii. 30 This is a silent music, a matter of tensions and resolutions, of movements (but again not rhythmical movements) sustained or broken, of ease or effort, rapidity or languor. What we mean, in fact, is empathy.

1966 Eng. Stud. 47 311 Some of the elements which have caused Vernon Lee..to be almost forgotten by a later age, to the point of not even crediting her with the introduction of the idea of Einfühlung or empathy.

b. Originally Psychology. The ability to understand and appreciate another person's feelings, experience, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > identification with other > [noun]

einfühlung1904

feeling1909

overidentification1933

empathy1946

1946 Jrnl. Clin. Psychol. 2 61/1 A ‘man-to-man’ regard for the client, characterized (ideally) by the understanding of empathy without the erratic quality of identification or the supportiveness of sympathy.

1952 C. Beaton Diary in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) xviii. 241 It is her [sc. the Queen Mother's] empathy and her understanding of human nature that endears her to everyone she talks to.

1958 C. P. Snow Conscience of Rich xxxiii. 240 It was not only consideration and empathy that held him back.

1963 R. L. Katz Empathy i. 8 It is true that in both sympathy and empathy we permit our feelings for others to become involved.

1983 Guardian Weekly 9 Oct. 10 Some of her [sc. Margaret Thatcher's] opponents snobbishly underestimated her popular appeal and her empathy with middle-class, Middle England.

2012 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 30 Mar. 8 Sometimes just listening and showing empathy can be helpful—not therapeutic, but helpful to show that you know what he's going through.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	empathy
释义	empathyn. Brit. /ˈɛmpəθi/, U.S. /ˈɛmpəθi/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: em- prefix, -pathy comb. form. Etymology: < em- prefix + -pathy comb. form. In sense 1 after German Empathie (K. Lasswitz 1895, in Archiv f. systematische Philosophie 1 54). In sense 2 after German Einfühlung (in this specific sense T. Lipps Leitfaden d. Psychol. (1903) 187; compare einfühlung n.). Compare Hellenistic Greek ἐμπάθεια physical affection, passion < ancient Greek ἐμπαθής in a state of emotion, affected (by something) ( < ἐμ- , variant (before a labial) of ἐν- en- prefix² + -παθής -path comb. form) + -εια -y suffix³. Originally Psychology and Philosophy. †1. In the psychological theory of K. Lasswitz: a physical property of the nervous system analogous to electrical capacitance, believed to be correlated with feeling. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1895 E. L. Hinman tr. K. Lasswitz in Philos. Rev. 4 673 For the capacity factor of psychophysical energy the name ‘empathy’ is proposed. Empathy is then a physical quantity, a physiological brain-function, and is defined as the relation of the whole energy at any change of the central organ to the intensity. 2. a. Psychology and Aesthetics. The quality or power of projecting one's personality into or mentally identifying oneself with an object of contemplation, and so fully understanding or appreciating it. Now rare.Later use of the term in Psychology is usually understood as a more specific use of sense 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > psychology > psychology of personality > projection of personality > [noun] einfühlung1904 empathy1909 rapport1923 1909 E. B. Titchener Lect. Exper. Psychol. Thought-processes i. 21 Not only do I see gravity and modesty and pride..but I feel or act them in the mind's muscles. This is, I suppose, a simple case of empathy, if we may coin that term as a rendering of Einfühlung. 1909 E. B. Titchener Lect. Exper. Psychol. Thought-processes v. 185 All such ‘feelings’..normally take the form, in my experience, of motor empathy. 1912 Academy 17 Aug. 209/2 [Lipps] propounded the theory that the appreciation of a work of art depended upon the capacity of the spectator to project his personality into the object of contemplation. One had to ‘feel oneself into it’... This mental process he called by the name of Einfühlung, or, as it has been translated, Empathy. 1928 ‘R. West’ Strange Necessity 102 The active power of empathy which makes the creative artist, or the passive power of empathy which makes the appreciator of art. 1928 Observer 29 July 5 Joyce, like Proust, is the possessor of a violent empathy. 1955 D. Davie Articulate Energy iii. 30 This is a silent music, a matter of tensions and resolutions, of movements (but again not rhythmical movements) sustained or broken, of ease or effort, rapidity or languor. What we mean, in fact, is empathy. 1966 Eng. Stud. 47 311 Some of the elements which have caused Vernon Lee..to be almost forgotten by a later age, to the point of not even crediting her with the introduction of the idea of Einfühlung or empathy. b. Originally Psychology. The ability to understand and appreciate another person's feelings, experience, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > perception or cognition > faculty of imagination > identification with other > [noun] einfühlung1904 feeling1909 overidentification1933 empathy1946 1946 Jrnl. Clin. Psychol. 2 61/1 A ‘man-to-man’ regard for the client, characterized (ideally) by the understanding of empathy without the erratic quality of identification or the supportiveness of sympathy. 1952 C. Beaton Diary in Self Portrait with Friends (1979) xviii. 241 It is her [sc. the Queen Mother's] empathy and her understanding of human nature that endears her to everyone she talks to. 1958 C. P. Snow Conscience of Rich xxxiii. 240 It was not only consideration and empathy that held him back. 1963 R. L. Katz Empathy i. 8 It is true that in both sympathy and empathy we permit our feelings for others to become involved. 1983 Guardian Weekly 9 Oct. 10 Some of her [sc. Margaret Thatcher's] opponents snobbishly underestimated her popular appeal and her empathy with middle-class, Middle England. 2012 Jerusalem Post (Nexis) 30 Mar. 8 Sometimes just listening and showing empathy can be helpful—not therapeutic, but helpful to show that you know what he's going through. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1895
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