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单词 egressive
释义

egressiveadj.n.

Brit. /ᵻˈɡrɛsɪv/, /iːˈɡrɛsɪv/, U.S. /əˈɡrɛsɪv/, /iˈɡrɛsɪv/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin; originally modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: Latin egressivus.
Etymology: < post-classical Latin egressivus (from 13th cent. in British and continental sources; < classical Latin ēgress- , past participial stem of ēgredī to go out (see egredient adj.) + -īvus -ive suffix), originally rendering German †außgehend (1635 in the passage translated in quot. 1651, or earlier; now ausgehend ). Compare earlier egredient adj., and also earlier ingressive adj.
A. adj.
1. Tending to go out or leave; (in later use also) tending to emit or issue something.In quot. 1874: that provides a way out.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [adjective] > going or coming out
outgoingOE
issuing1594
issuant1634
egredient1635
egressive1651
evolvingc1720
outrunning1853
outflow1898
1651 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Signatura Rerum iii. 13 The Desire is Egressive [Ger. außgehende], and the Egress is the Spirit of the Will and Desire.
1671 T. Harby What is Truth (new ed.) vii. 163 But that falling City,..was the literal City of Rome of Imperial (Pagan egressive, Papal ingressive).
1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) xviii. 18 Gideon, in Haste, to his near House withdrew: There, with a Spear, his warlike Hand supply'd; And join'd th'egressive Croud, and follow'd, too.
1843 Amer. National Preacher Oct. 237 The spirit of evangelism..is spontaneously and illimitably egressive. It cannot endure confinement.
1874 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 12 Nov. 2/6 Windows and doors are entirely dispensed with. The prisoners are hoisted outside by means of a rope and dropped in from the top. Once in, it is evident that they must stay in a place so wonderfully deficient in egressive facilities.
1988 Z. A. Sochor Revol. & Culture iii. 47 If the brain is the egressive center of the human organism, then the skeleton is its degressive center.
1991 M. Wynne-Davies in V. Wayne Matter of Difference v. 137 Lavinia..remains barren, whereas Tamora, who acts as a symbol of egressive female sexuality, bears the subversive blackamoor child.
2. Phonetics. Of an airflow: flowing outwards from the vocal tract. Later, of a speech sound: produced with this type of airflow. Cf. ingressive adj. c.Most speech sounds in most languages, and all English phonemes, are egressive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > spirant or continuant
spirant1884
spirantal1893
spirantic1896
spirantizing1896
egressive1902
static1926
the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > spirant or continuant
continuous consonants1850
continuant1861
spirant1862
egressive1902
1902 Stud. Yale Psychol. Lab. 10 103 The motion of the air-current... Egressive (current passing from vocal organs to external air).
1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. iv. 29 Most speech sounds, and all normal English sounds, are made with egressive lung air.
1968 Language 44 421 Consonant phonemes [in Gbeya] include /p t k kp ? b d g gb/ as ‘egressive’ stops, /mb nd ŋg ŋmgb/ as prenasalized stops, and /?b ?d/ as ingressives.
1983 J. W. Snyman in I. R. Dihoff Current Approaches Afr. Linguistics I. vi. 119 Before proceeding to the clicks one should dwell for a moment on some of the more complex egressive consonants.
2005 D. Crystal How Lang. Works (2007) iv. 21 The vast majority of speech sounds are made using pulmonic egressive air.
3. Grammar. Designating or relating to a form or aspect, typically of a verb, expressing the cessation of an action. Cf. perfective adj. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > other specific aspects
frequentative1534
indefinite1827
iterative1827
semelfactive1827
telic1846
usitative1849
resultative1857
semi-telic1865
permansive1866
constative1901
effective1904
point-action1913
egressive1914
punctual1914
benefactive1943
1914 T. Diekhoff German Lang. i. iii. 136 The prefix er- is now fruitful particularly in two meanings. (1) It is used to make inchoative or ingressive verbs, denoting that the subject is entering upon the action expressed in the verb, like erblühen, erwachen,..etc. (2) It is used to make perfective or egressive verbs, denoting that the action is carried out to the end: erwachsen, ersteigen.
1960 T. F. Mustanoja Middle Eng. Syntax I. 448 The egressive aspect, which focusses attention on the moment when an activity comes to an end.
2006 R. Declerck et al. Gramm. Eng. Tense Syst. i. 32 Egressive meaning [in English] is expressed by the addition of an aspectualizer (aspectual lexical verb) such as stop, finish,..etc. to the verb phrase describing the situation..(e.g. He finished painting the wall).
B. n.
1. Grammar. An egressive form or aspect. See sense A. 3. Cf. perfective n. 2b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [noun] > other specific aspects
infectum1833
iterative1853
permansive1872
resultative1902
progressive1906
egressive1914
terminate1931
1914 T. Diekhoff German Lang. ii. i. 275 Perfective verbs indicate reference to a well defined point in the course of the action, either the beginning or the end... If it is the end of the action we call them Egressives, or also Perfectives.
1953 Abstr. Diss. for Degrees Doctor of Philos. & Doctor of Educ., 1951–2 (Stanford Univ.) 27 375 Point-action aspects include inchoatives or ingressives and terminatives or egressives.
2000 L. J. Brinton Struct. Mod. Eng. x. 281 To express the egressive, English does not have simple lexical verbs,..but must make use of auxiliary-like verbs called aspectualizers, including cease, stop, and quit.
2. Phonetics. An egressive speech sound. See sense A. 2.
ΚΠ
1943 K. L. Pike Phonetics vi. 88 If there is an opening in the chamber at the mouth or nose an air stream is forced outward. All sounds made in this manner are egressives (or compressives).
1973 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 39 45/2 Egressives tend to disfavor front articulation (especially labial).
2007 N. Evans in P. K. Austin & A. Simpson Endangered Lang. 33 The pulmonic ingressive and labiovelar lingual egressives are found nowhere else in the world's languages, at least as phonemic elements.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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adj.n.1651
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