单词 | egressive |
释义 | egressiveadj.n. A. adj. 1. Tending to go out or leave; (in later use also) tending to emit or issue something.In quot. 1874: that provides a way out. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > [adjective] > going or coming out outgoingOE issuing1594 issuant1634 egredient1635 egressive1651 evolvingc1720 outrunning1853 outflow1898 1651 J. Ellistone tr. J. Böhme Signatura Rerum iii. 13 The Desire is Egressive [Ger. außgehende], and the Egress is the Spirit of the Will and Desire. 1671 T. Harby What is Truth (new ed.) vii. 163 But that falling City,..was the literal City of Rome of Imperial (Pagan egressive, Papal ingressive). 1749 A. Hill Gideon (rev. ed.) xviii. 18 Gideon, in Haste, to his near House withdrew: There, with a Spear, his warlike Hand supply'd; And join'd th'egressive Croud, and follow'd, too. 1843 Amer. National Preacher Oct. 237 The spirit of evangelism..is spontaneously and illimitably egressive. It cannot endure confinement. 1874 Inter Ocean (Chicago) 12 Nov. 2/6 Windows and doors are entirely dispensed with. The prisoners are hoisted outside by means of a rope and dropped in from the top. Once in, it is evident that they must stay in a place so wonderfully deficient in egressive facilities. 1988 Z. A. Sochor Revol. & Culture iii. 47 If the brain is the egressive center of the human organism, then the skeleton is its degressive center. 1991 M. Wynne-Davies in V. Wayne Matter of Difference v. 137 Lavinia..remains barren, whereas Tamora, who acts as a symbol of egressive female sexuality, bears the subversive blackamoor child. 2. Phonetics. Of an airflow: flowing outwards from the vocal tract. Later, of a speech sound: produced with this type of airflow. Cf. ingressive adj. c.Most speech sounds in most languages, and all English phonemes, are egressive. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [adjective] > spirant or continuant spirant1884 spirantal1893 spirantic1896 spirantizing1896 egressive1902 static1926 the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > speech sound by manner > [noun] > obstruent > spirant or continuant continuous consonants1850 continuant1861 spirant1862 egressive1902 1902 Stud. Yale Psychol. Lab. 10 103 The motion of the air-current... Egressive (current passing from vocal organs to external air). 1962 A. C. Gimson Introd. Pronunc. Eng. iv. 29 Most speech sounds, and all normal English sounds, are made with egressive lung air. 1968 Language 44 421 Consonant phonemes [in Gbeya] include /p t k kp ? b d g gb/ as ‘egressive’ stops, /mb nd ŋg ŋmgb/ as prenasalized stops, and /?b ?d/ as ingressives. 1983 J. W. Snyman in I. R. Dihoff Current Approaches Afr. Linguistics I. vi. 119 Before proceeding to the clicks one should dwell for a moment on some of the more complex egressive consonants. 2005 D. Crystal How Lang. Works (2007) iv. 21 The vast majority of speech sounds are made using pulmonic egressive air. 3. Grammar. Designating or relating to a form or aspect, typically of a verb, expressing the cessation of an action. Cf. perfective adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > other specific aspects frequentative1534 indefinite1827 iterative1827 semelfactive1827 telic1846 usitative1849 resultative1857 semi-telic1865 permansive1866 constative1901 effective1904 point-action1913 egressive1914 punctual1914 benefactive1943 1914 T. Diekhoff German Lang. i. iii. 136 The prefix er- is now fruitful particularly in two meanings. (1) It is used to make inchoative or ingressive verbs, denoting that the subject is entering upon the action expressed in the verb, like erblühen, erwachen,..etc. (2) It is used to make perfective or egressive verbs, denoting that the action is carried out to the end: erwachsen, ersteigen. 1960 T. F. Mustanoja Middle Eng. Syntax I. 448 The egressive aspect, which focusses attention on the moment when an activity comes to an end. 2006 R. Declerck et al. Gramm. Eng. Tense Syst. i. 32 Egressive meaning [in English] is expressed by the addition of an aspectualizer (aspectual lexical verb) such as stop, finish,..etc. to the verb phrase describing the situation..(e.g. He finished painting the wall). B. n. 1. Grammar. An egressive form or aspect. See sense A. 3. Cf. perfective n. 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [noun] > other specific aspects infectum1833 iterative1853 permansive1872 resultative1902 progressive1906 egressive1914 terminate1931 1914 T. Diekhoff German Lang. ii. i. 275 Perfective verbs indicate reference to a well defined point in the course of the action, either the beginning or the end... If it is the end of the action we call them Egressives, or also Perfectives. 1953 Abstr. Diss. for Degrees Doctor of Philos. & Doctor of Educ., 1951–2 (Stanford Univ.) 27 375 Point-action aspects include inchoatives or ingressives and terminatives or egressives. 2000 L. J. Brinton Struct. Mod. Eng. x. 281 To express the egressive, English does not have simple lexical verbs,..but must make use of auxiliary-like verbs called aspectualizers, including cease, stop, and quit. 2. Phonetics. An egressive speech sound. See sense A. 2. ΚΠ 1943 K. L. Pike Phonetics vi. 88 If there is an opening in the chamber at the mouth or nose an air stream is forced outward. All sounds made in this manner are egressives (or compressives). 1973 Internat. Jrnl. Amer. Linguistics 39 45/2 Egressives tend to disfavor front articulation (especially labial). 2007 N. Evans in P. K. Austin & A. Simpson Endangered Lang. 33 The pulmonic ingressive and labiovelar lingual egressives are found nowhere else in the world's languages, at least as phonemic elements. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < |
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