effectiveadj.n.

Brit.

/ᵻˈfɛktɪv/, U.S.

/əˈfɛktɪv/,

/iˈfɛktɪv/

Forms: Middle English affectif, Middle English effectif, late Middle English effectyf, late Middle English effectyue, late Middle English 1600s– effective, 1500s–1600s effectiue, 1700s efective, 1900s– affective (nonstandard).

Origin: A borrowing from Latin; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: Latin effectīvus.

Etymology: < classical Latin effectīvus (in philosophy) involving an end product, creative, (in surveying) relating to practical implementation (of the conditions under which a piece of land was allotted), in post-classical Latin also productive of effect, producing an effect (5th cent. in Augustine; from 8th cent. in British sources), (of a cause) efficient (6th cent. in Boethius; 13th cent. in a British source), produced as effect, resultant (12th and 13th centuries in British sources) < effect- , past participial stem of efficere effect v. + -īvus -ive suffix; in some uses perhaps also partly after Middle French, French effectif (of a cause) efficient (1378), which has or is capable of having an effect (1464), real, actual, not hypothetical (a1481), (of faith, love, etc.) that bears fruit in contact (1696 in the passage translated in 1701 at sense A. 6b), (noun) effective part of an army (1792). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin effectivum effective force (6th cent. in Boethius; use as noun of neuter of the adjective). Compare Italian effettivo (a1327). Compare effectual adj.With forms in affect- compare discussion at effect n.

A. adj.

a. Powerful in effect; producing a notable effect; effectual.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective]

frameeOE

goodeOE

mightyOE

vailanta1325

sicker1338

mightful1340

suffisant1340

virtuousa1387

effectivea1398

effectuala1398

worthya1398

availingc1420

effectuous?a1425

operant?a1425

substantialc1449

virtual?a1475

substantious1483

available1502

efficacious1528

energial1528

working1532

operatory1551

operatoriousa1555

stately1567

feckful1568

efficace?1572

shifty1585

operative1590

instrumental1601

efficable1607

speeding1612

effectuating1615

officious1618

availsome1619

prevailable1624

valid1651

perficient1659

affectuous1664

implemental1676

virtual1760

efficient1787

sufficient1831

slick1833

roadworthy1837

practician1863

positive1903

performant1977

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxxiv. 974 Oleum iuniperinum [sic]..is most effectif aȝeins þe quartayne.

c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 484 (MED) A willing of a deede to be doon may not be sufficient and speedful and effectyue comaunder þat þer bi þe deede be effectuali doon, but if þe wilner..and þe doer of þe deede..be oon and þe same persoone.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 10 Such books are..usefull drugs..wherewith to temper and compose effective and strong med'cins, which mans life cannot want.

1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery ii. xv. 106 If instead of Charcoal you take..any thing else that is of a very combustible Nature, and very susceptible of Fire.., you will have a Powder to the full as effective as the Black Sort.

1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 402 He does not speak often; nor can he be considered an effective speaker.

1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. i. iv. 43 Contributed to make these pursuits as effective, elegant, and attractive as possible.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iii. 46 Its best admiral could not have..anchored it [sc. England] in a more..effective position.

1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xviii. 204 An Italian comedy..effective over everybody's risibilities.

1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iv. 39 Fewer men, better trained and disciplined, could be made more effective.

1948 Life 6 Sept. 18/2 The impudent but effective tactics by which the Brooklyn Dodgers hope to win their second straight National League pennant.

2006 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Jan. 72/2 Studies have shown that a good number of female fishing spiders are from a very early age highly driven and effective hunters.

b. Of a work of art, a design, a literary composition, etc.: producing a striking or pleasing impression.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > [adjective] > strong or deep

sensiblea1393

solemnc1400

forcible1573

powerful1588

pressive1623

effectual1662

knock-down1690

impressive1775

imposing1783

effective1790

telling1819

home-coming1848

compelling1901

awesome1916

impactive1934

dynamite1942

fuck-off1962

society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally

wateryc1230

polite?a1500

meagre1539

over-laboured1579

bald1589

spiritless1592

light1597

meretricious1633

standing1661

effectual1662

airy1664

severe1665

correct1676

enervatea1704

free1728

classic1743

academic1752

academical1752

chaste1753

nerveless1763

epic1769

crude1786

effective1790

creative1791

soulless1794

mannered1796

manneristical1830

manneristic1837

subjective1840

inartisticala1849

abstract1857

inartistic1859

literary1900

period1905

atmospheric1908

dateless1908

atmosphered1920

non-naturalistic1925

self-indulgent1926

free-styled1933

soft-centred1935

freestyle1938

pseudish1938

decadent1942

post-human1944

kitschy1946

faux-naïf1958

spare1965

1790 E. Tatham Chart & Scale Truth I. 293 Poetical imitations are always the most perfect, the most proper, and the most effective, when they are made directly from things that are.

1804 Times 26 Oct. 3/4 The humour of the characters was heightened, the sentiments were given with more nature and impressiveness, and the affecting situations were rendered more striking and effective.

1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 107 The high bank..is..rendered effective by a perpendicular wall of naked sandstone.

1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 21 It is not one suited to produce any very effective romantic narrative.

1882 Garden 18 Feb. 119/1 Varieties of Amarantus are..effective in the..garden.

1938 Amer. Home Jan. 21/2 Now that so many walls are in beautiful plain colors or in delicate Regency stripes, the opportunity to put something lovely on so effective a background is not to be missed.

1990 Ideal Home Aug. 45/4 For an effective display, choose larger than average plants with large leaves.

†2. Concerned with, or having the function of, carrying into effect, executing, or accomplishing; (of a cause) that makes something to be what it is, efficient (cf. effective cause n. at Compounds). Obsolete.

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the world > action or operation > carrying out > [adjective]

effectivea1398

executional1652

executory1659

effectual1662

executivea1676

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 107^v Þis spere conteyneþ all þe neþir þingis & ordeyneþ & informeþ hem alle, & is cause affectif of generacioun & of lyuynge [L. generationis et vegetationis effectiua].

c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. xxvii. 256 Ðis wes þe Proces causative, Ðat eftyr folowit effective.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶^v Musicke is diuided into two parts... The second may be called Syntactical, Poetical, or effectiue.

1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. i. 33 The former was significatiue onely, his effectiue.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iv. i. 442 The act of the will..is acquisitive and effective, or recusative and destructive, otherwise than it is in any other faculties.

1708 J. C. Sturm Mathesis Juvenilis I. 127 One sort of Geometry is Theorical, which demonstrates Theorems, and the other Practical or Effective, which demonstratively resolves Problems.

†3.

a. That is concerned in the production of (an event or condition, or (rare) a material product). Obsolete.

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the world > existence and causation > causation > [adjective] > causing > productive of

causativea1420

nutrix?a1475

effective1594

inductive1613

productivea1631

creative1701

gignitive1837

causeful1849

1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 379 Powers..are effectiue principles [Fr. principes effectifs] of all actions.

1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. ii. 91 The signe of the Crosse is..effectiue of grace.

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 170 Politic Philosophie is defined..a Science effective of Justice in the Citie.

1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 193 In the Tertian [Ague] the part effective of the bloud is out of its natural temper.

b. Having the power of acting upon the thing designated. Obsolete.

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the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > having the power of acting upon objects

effectuala1398

effective1646

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 214 Time is not effective, nor are bodies destroyed by it, but from the action and passion of their Elements in it.

a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) v. ii. 139 The more unbodied any thing is, the more unbounded also is it in its Effective power.

a. Actual, de facto; existing in fact; that is (..) so far as the effect is concerned. Frequently opposed to potential, nominal.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adjective]

present1340

actuala1398

absolutec1443

effectualc1475

bodilya1616

effective1620

deedy1781

real lifec1819

positive1831

factual1846

transactional1858

entitative1862

real world1963

1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote l. 339 Sir, (quoth the Page) all I know of my selfe, is, that I am a reall Ambassador, and that Signior Sancho Pansa is an effectiue Gouernour [Sp. Gouernador efectiuo].

1786 E. Burke Speech 4 Apr. in Jrnls. House of Commons (1803) 41 503/2 Afterwards displacing two effective governours..appointed in Succession by himself.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 9 The collection of an effective and well-distributed revenue.

1829 Times 20 Aug. 4/1 The night watch is a watch rather formal and nominal than actual and effective.

a1832 J. Bentham Levelling Syst. in Wks. (1843) I. 361 Those..whose present fortunes are above the mark..would be but a small part of the real and effective losers.

1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 39 Potential and not effective planes of symmetry.

1938 Polit. Sci. Q. 53 490 The organization of the Committee will become the organization of the War Cabinet, and the Minister in effective charge of the Committe will be the real Prime Minister.

1988 D. May Hannah Arendt ii. 37 His departure was the effective end of their marriage.

2005 Managem. Today Dec. 25/2 The artificial structure created to mask the effective renationalisation of Railtrack.

b. In predicative use. Of an order, ruling, appointment, etc.: taking effect, in force. Frequently in verbless clauses.

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1909 Columbia Law Rev. 9 523 On May 1, 1908 the commodities clause of the so-called Hepburn Act became effective.

1952 Times 17 June 10/3 The Union Bank of Burma Act, 1952, will become effective on July 1 next.

1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts xi. 265 Effective the first of November, the library will close at eleven.

1992 N.Y. Times 19 Aug. a1/4 Mr. Baker, whose..appointment as Mr. Bush's chief of staff and campaign coordinator becomes effective Sunday, is said to be resisting the idea.

2000 S. Gardiner Dominion of Wyley McFadden v.176 Straightaway he cancelled the answering service, effective immediately.

5. Of personnel in the armed forces: fit for work or service. Cf. sense B. 2. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > fit > for work or service

effective1648

effectuala1661

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [adjective] > fit for service

serviceable1629

effective1648

effectuala1661

1648 H. Parker Of Free Trade 11 When that shall be accounted an army of so many souldiers effective, this shall be despised as a rout of so many men rudely conglomerated, and thronged together.

1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus v. 105 Being not above 15 or 16000 Men Effective.

1701 London Gaz. No. 3733/4 The Imperial Army is said to consist of 44000 Effective Men.

1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §295 The copper-smiths..were not likely very soon to be effective.

1812 Times 11 Aug. 3/3 On an average each battalion may be reduced to 500 men effective present under arms.

1905 Times 11 Aug. 9/6 The policy of the Government was to reduce the force to 180,000 men, and to spend the whole of the present grant of £1,500,000 in making it effective.

a. Designating that part or component of an agency or force which is actually brought to bear on a particular object or is instrumental in producing a result; designating a property or quantity considered, measured, or expressed in such a way as to take account of factors which modify its effect or prevent its direct measurement.See also effective aperture n., effective mass n., effective temperature n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 270 The effective Force (and consequently the Celerity) as to a first Moment, is to be ¹/ _m of what it would be, had there been no resistance.

1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 120 Had the effective aperture or section of the water been the same..so that 131,2 lb. of water had been discharged instead of 144, the effect would have been increased in the same proportion.

1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xxxiv. 397 In the pedal harp, the half notes are formed by pressing pins against the strings, so as to shorten their effective length.

1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 67 This we call the virtual or effective head [of water].

1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §228 The Component of a force in any direction, (sometimes called the Effective Component in that direction).

1956 C. A. Culver Musical Acoustics (ed. 4) v. 65 The ear is most sensitive at a frequency of about 3000 cps. At that frequency a subjective sound reaction will result if the effective pressure of the sound wave is less than 0.0002 dyne/sq cm.

1966 M. R. Broer Efficiency Human Movement (ed. 2) vii. 72 The total effective force is the sum of the forces produced by all [muscle] groups if all are applied in the same direction and in the proper sequence.

1992 PC World Apr. 190/3 Many scanner vendors claim an ‘effective’ resolution of 600 dpi for their 300-dpi scanners using interpolation.

2001 Model Engineer 186 121/1 Considerable force is applied to a slide valve by virtue of the steam pressure acting on its effective surface area and so port face wear is inevitable.

b. Theology. Of faith, love, etc.: that bears fruit in conduct.

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1701 W. Darrell tr. G. Daniel Disc. Cleander & Eudoxus vii. 332 Let us, on the contrary, suppose that there shou'd be no command at all, of affective love [Fr. amour affectif], but that the command of effective love [Fr. amour effectif] shou'd subsist and be accomplished.

1733 Devout Christian's Compan. (ed. 2) xxxvi. 374 And oh blessed Day! when we shall have once thoroughly possessed our Souls with such a vigorous and effective Faith as this.

1855 F. W. Faber Growth in Holiness (ed. 2) v. 71 Effective love makes us the living images of Jesus.

1913 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 18 705 An effective love of one's neighbor is the product of a rational and idealizing faith.

2000 Church Hist. 69 911 We see in Ewald's turn to the subject, to history, and to biblical narrative as the inspiration for building a Christian community of effective love the basic outline of nineteenth-century liberal theology.

c. That is attended with result or has an effect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [adjective] > that has an effect

effective1723

1723 S. Clarke in J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. II. xvii. 227/1 ( (note) ) Of the Rays which fall parallel and contiguous upon a refracting Sphere, those that are effective or proper to produce a Rain-bow, must also come out of the Sphere parallel and contiguous.

1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. xlix. 215 There is an effective power superior to the people.

1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. x. 149 The masters alone had an effective voice in the legislation.

1799 tr. F. D'Ivernois Hist. & Polit. Surv. Losses French Nation x. 362 For an effective capital of twenty-two thousand livres (or the paltry sum of 880l. sterling), the republic has alienated the palaces, hotels, convents, and other edifices, which, according to Clauzell, produced an annual income of two millions.

1806 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (ed. 3) II. iii. x. 250 The quantity of effective capital employed in agriculture.

1831 Times 24 Dec. 3/3 The country..has made repeated, though partially effective, calls for an investigation of the builder's accounts.

1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 90 The honour of the first effective shot.

1945 Salamanca (N.Y.) Republican Press 28 June 3/4 More than 100 aimed and effective shots were laid in on the German column.

1985 Times 2 July 1/4 Despite largely effective calls for restraint by Mr Scargill there were angry boos and shouts of ‘scab’.

7. Grammar. Denoting the completion or result of an action. Cf. sense B. 4.

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the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > other specific aspects

frequentative1534

indefinite1827

iterative1827

semelfactive1827

telic1846

usitative1849

resultative1857

semi-telic1865

permansive1866

constative1901

effective1904

point-action1913

egressive1914

punctual1914

benefactive1943

1904 Expositor 6th Ser. 10 444 The effective aorist κατήντησαν is very different from a durative like ἐπορεύοντο.

1906 Classical Rev. 20 466/1 Little less fundamental for Dr. Moulton's purpose is his discussion of the Greek Tense-systems, where he distinguishes ‘punctiliar’ action, whether ‘ingressive’, ‘effective’, or ‘constative’, from ‘linear’ or ‘durative’, and from ‘perfect’ and ‘iterative’.

1932 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 31 251 The latter class may be called the effective aspect: ‘His strength gave out’, i.e., he came to the end of his strength.

1970 Language 46 300 The -t forms were predominantly selected..for preterits in contexts suggestive of non-durative (‘effective’) aspect.

B. n.

†1. An effective cause (see effective cause n. at Compounds and cf. sense A. 3). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > types of cause

efficient cause1393

conjunct causec1400

final causec1400

meritorious cause1526

matter1570

deficient cause1581

effectrix1583

formal cause1586

material cause1586

final cause1587

conservant cause1588

efficient1593

effective1610

defective cause1624

proximate cause1641

1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xii. xxv. 466 Had the eye the apple..their rotundity not from any externall effectiue. [L. Eadem ui diuina & effectiua..accepit speciem rotunditas oculi, & rotunditas pomi.]

1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. i. 1 No less are they the due Effective of the former.

2. Military.

a. An effective soldier (see sense A. 5); one fit for work or service. Usually in plural.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [noun] > fit

effective1708

efficient1864

1708 Duke of Marlborough Let. 2 Aug. in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) II. 1048 There must be care taken to pay the 20 crowns only for the efectives.

1722 London Gaz. No. 6060/1 The Garrisons..consist of 1000 Effectives.

1809 Duke of Wellington Let. 30 June in Dispatches (1837) IV. 478 An abstract..which shows the comparative numbers of effectives and total.

1866 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. IX. xxiv. 407 They counted nine thousand effectives.

1900 Times 7 Dec. 13/3 Not half the nominal effectives of the Home Army could be placed in the field.

1966 Jrnl. Contemp. Hist. 1 163 The proposed increase in Army effectives in 1913 produced the next head-on collision between the SPD and the establishment.

2000 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 64 14 Nevertheless, the numbers of effectives did not quite match overall French strength in Andalusia.

b. As a mass noun: that part of an army which is fit for work or service.

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1846 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. Sept. 486 In the year 1820, the effective of the English merchant navy amounted to 25,374 vessels.

1885 Standard 29 Oct. 5/5 The effective of the Turkish forces in the Balkan Peninsula now reaches 180,000 men.

1914 Times 16 Nov. 7/3 Making 13 battalions in all, and representing half the effective of the Guard Corps.

1970 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 60 75 It is noticeable that this figure is the effective of the old tribal army, based on the three tribes and the thirty curiae.

†3. = effective money n. at Compounds. Obsolete. rare.

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1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 138/2 Bills on Vienna are generally directed to be paid in effective.

4. An effective verb or an effective aspect or part of a verb (see sense A. 7). rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [noun] > effective aspect

effective1935

1935 G. O. Curme Gram. Eng. Lang. II. xii. 237 In duratives, ingressives, effectives..the present participle represents the act as incomplete.

Compounds

effective aperture n. Optics the diameter of the widest beam of light incident on an optical system that goes to form an image; also in extended use (e.g. in connection with radio waves or particle beams).

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1844 Littell's Living Age 14 Dec. 412/1 Messrs. Merz and Mahler, of Munich, have more recently executed..an Achromatic Telescope whose object glass has 15 inches of effective aperture, and a focal length of 322 feet.

1887 Proc. Royal Soc. 1886 41 282 We may elude the objection by contracting proportionally the effective aperture, but only at the expense of brightness.

1965 M. J. Langford Basic Photogr. iii. 54 As the aperture closes the diameter of this incident light beam or ‘Effective Aperture’ narrows proportionally.

1995 Sci. Amer. Feb. 57/1 Radio astronomers have developed methods for combining signals from radio telescopes scattered around the globe, creating an effective aperture 8,000 miles across.

effective cause n. an efficient cause.

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a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 106 Þe firmament sendiþ þe vertu of his liȝt, þat is effectif cause of generacioun, to þe erþe.

?1574 T. Hill Contempl. Myst. f. 68 The materiall or effectiue cause neare to the Earthquake, is the exhalation..engendred and included within the caues..of the earth.

1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iv. i. 466 But he that so assists, that he is the great effective cause of the evil which without his aide would not have been done at all, is intirely guilty.

1743 D. Brooker Cathedral Music 12 I would not be misunderstood..that th assemblage of Instruments and Voices were any ways the effective Cause of the Glory's Appearance.

1892 Philos. Rev. 1 586 Mechanicalism: mechanical causes, in the sense of Kant, are assumed as the sole effective cause and are placed in opposition to teleological causes.

1950 Mod. Law Rev. 13 239 Causes fall into two categories, contributing and effective.

2001 Studia Islamica 92 183 Even if we accept that only God can be an effective cause.

effective charge n. Military (now rare) the expenditure on effective forces, as distinguished, e.g. from that on military pensions, retired pay, etc.

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1828 Times 5 July (Suppl.) 6/1 In the effective charge of the ordnance there had been a reduction since the year 1815, the last year of the war, of nearly 3,000,000l. out of a sum of 3,800,000l.

1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 306 The whole effective charge of the army, navy, and ordnance, was about seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds.

1913 Times 6 Feb. 5/1 The borrowing Government should as a rule bear the non-effective as well as the effective charge for the period of employment.

effective date n. the date on which an order, ruling, appointment, etc., takes effect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > particular time > [noun] > an appointed or fixed time, day, or date > for something to begin or be released

release date1904

effective date1909

zero hour1915

zero day1917

start date1920

countdown1953

T1959

1909 Columbia Law Rev. 9 523 A little over a year after the effective date of the Act.

1998 I. Hunter Which? Guide to Employment x. 177 The law currently states that the employee must have two years' continuous employment as at the effective date of termination (EDT).

effective demand n. Economics the actual level of demand, for practical purposes; spec. the level of demand that represents a real intention to purchase by those with the means to pay.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects

overheating1609

consumption1662

supply1744

production1767

demand1776

effective demand1819

employment rate1833

equilibrium1871

opportunity cost1894

bankers' ramp1931

multiplier1936

multiplier effect1937

market forces1942

cost push1952

externality1957

fiscal drag1964

demand-side1975

1819 Times 24 July 2/2 Every speculation in ordinary times is only sound or prudent in so far as it is calculated on the relative proportion of supply and effective demand.

1893 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 1 375 The point in the growth of the demand for food at which there will be an effective demand for one-and-a-half times as much American wheat as at present.

1953 J. L. Hanson Textbk. Econ. iv. x. 155 To distinguish demand from need this [demand at a price] is sometimes called effective demand.

1994 K. Perry Business & European Community iii. 42 The economic environment then further worsened as a result of the 1973 oil crisis, which by reducing effective demand and increasing inflation contributed to the stagflation of the 1970s.

effective list n. Military (now rare) the list of personnel or ships that are fit for service.

ΚΠ

1843 Times 25 Feb. 3/2 How many of them [sc. admirals] were on the effective list?

1855 Times 6 Jan. 5/5 Two vacancies having occurred in the establishment of general officers on the effective list of the Royal Artillery.

1939 Times 3 Aug. 17/7 The completion of the Belfast brings up the total of British cruisers on the effective list to 60.

1946 Mariner's Mirror 32 10 The Rupert was struck off the effective list in 1906.

effective mass n. the mass of something as calculated or inferred from its effect in a particular context; (Physics) the mass that needs to be assigned to a particle if the usual equations of motion are to hold in a situation where they do not strictly apply; spec. the mass that an electron appears to have in a crystal lattice, where its motion is affected by electric and magnetic fields.

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1842 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 249 The difference of the two last determinations..gives the effective mass [of air] between the stations.

1896 J. Larmor in Philos. Trans. 1895 (Royal Soc.) A. 186 718 The motional forcive..will go on increasing the acceleration of the electron, of effective mass Le², until [etc.].

1909 W. C. D. Whetham in A. C. Seward Darwin & Mod. Sci. xxix. 568 An electric charge possesses mass, and there is evidence to show that the effective mass of a corpuscle increases as its velocity approaches that of light in the way it would do if all its mass were electromagnetic.

1917 Physical Rev. 9 167 For all three metals..the effective mass of the carrier comes out somewhat larger than the accepted value for the mass of a slow moving electron in free space.

1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxi. 544 The effective mass of the proton may be greater..when free or associated only with a planetary electron than it is when associated closely with electrons in the nucleus of an atom.

1949 Physical Rev. 75 865/2 The ionization energy of donors is less than that of acceptors, probably because conduction electrons have a smaller effective mass than holes.

1995 P. Woodward My Own Right Time ii. 10 The effective mass of the bob increases slightly when the density of the air increases,..and its inertia has to be added to that of the pendulum.

effective money n. money in the form of coin, as opposed to paper money.

ΚΠ

1738 Some Thoughts Interest of Money 3 That the Price of Things in one Age, will bear that proportion to the Price of them in another Age, which the effective Silver in the nominal Pound of Money at one Time, bears to the effective Silver in the nominal Pound at another Time.]

1756 R. Rolt New Dict. Trade at Coin On the foot whereon the English money now stands, it is divided into real coin, or effective money; and imaginary money, or money of accompt.

1875 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 481 If a town of a valuation of $1,000,000 requires to raise $20,000 of effective money, this might be done by a rate of $20 on $1,000.

1953 Jrnl. Finance 8 409 It is not strictly proper to include in ‘effective money’ commercial bank vault and till cash.

2000 Business Hist. rev. 74 181 These reforms also unleashed centrifugal forces as the center and localities struggled to command the real resources needed to maintain economic activity in the absence of effective money.

effective range n. the range within which a missile, weapon, or firearm is effective.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > [noun] > range of missile

mesc1390

level1548

range1588

flight1608

effective range1844

1844 Times 12 Sept. 5/3 Thus, while the extreme range of his 10-inched canan obuiser is 5,000 metres, its effective range is only1,200—a difference of four to one.

1846 A. S. Mackenzie Life Stephen Decatur iv. 70 She was moored within half gun shot of the Bashaw's Castle, and the Molehead and Crown Batteries, and within effective range of ten other batteries.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 57 Two hundred and twenty yards..is to be taken as the effective range for fighting purposes of the old archery.

1908 Science 11 Dec. 822/2 The effective range of the modern high-power gun is now about five miles.

1984 G. McWhiney & P. D. Jamieson Attack & Die ii. 29 Candid American officers admitted that their own troops often tried to extend their musket fire beyond effective range.

2000 Asian Surv. 40 326 Trishul (Trident), a short-range all weather SAM [= surface-to-air missile] with an effective range of nine kilometers, is fitted with a high explosive fragmented warhead.

effective temperature n. (a) Physics the temperature of the sun or other astronomical body, estimated as the actual temperature of a black body of the same size which would radiate the same amount of energy; (b) the temperature at which something is effective or functional; (c) the subjective degree of heat or cold, taking actual temperature and other environmental factors into account; (d) Physics the temperature of something as represented by the kinetic energy of its constituent atomic or subatomic particles.

ΚΠ

1880 C. A. Young in Princeton Rev. Jan. 94 We may..inquire what must be the temperature of a globe of the sun's size..and at the sun's distance from the earth, in order to send us the amount of heat actually observed. Assuming the radiating power of this fictitious sun to be the same as that of a surface of lamp-black (the best radiator known), the temperature corresponding to this assumption is designated as the sun's effective temperature.

1924 H. Dingle Mod. Astrophysics ix. 119 The wavelength of maximum energy, from which the effective temperature is determined.

1929 R. A. Wardle Princ. Appl. Zool. 197 There would seem to be for each species of insect a range of temperatures between whose maximum and minimum extremes the insect is active... This range of temperatures may be termed the range of Effective Temperatures.

1930 Engineering 28 Nov. 671/1 The effective temperature of a room, that is to say, the temperature at which, in still air, a sizeable black body at standard temperature will lose heat at the same rate as it is being lost in its environment.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 847 f/2 The term ‘effective temperature’ was sometimes used to denote what we now call ‘colour temperature’. ‘Effective temperature’ is now used to denote the temperature of a black body for which the total emitted radiation..is the same as the total radiation..emitted from the surface of a star.

1976 O. Ojo in C. G. Knight & J. L. Newman Contemp. Afr. viii. 104 The Effective Temperature index (ET)..was developed by exposing volunteer subjects to different atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement and by asking them to rate their comparative sensations of warmth or coolness.

1976 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 281 513 The effective temperature of the plasma turbulence is many orders of magnitude larger than the initial electron temperature.

2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey x. 204 When individual electrons and positrons collide at energies at 100 GeV, the effective temperature is some 10¹⁵ degrees.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	effective
释义	effectiveadj.n. Brit. /ᵻˈfɛktɪv/, U.S. /əˈfɛktɪv/, /iˈfɛktɪv/ Forms: Middle English affectif, Middle English effectif, late Middle English effectyf, late Middle English effectyue, late Middle English 1600s– effective, 1500s–1600s effectiue, 1700s efective, 1900s– affective (nonstandard). Origin: A borrowing from Latin; perhaps partly modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: Latin effectīvus. Etymology: < classical Latin effectīvus (in philosophy) involving an end product, creative, (in surveying) relating to practical implementation (of the conditions under which a piece of land was allotted), in post-classical Latin also productive of effect, producing an effect (5th cent. in Augustine; from 8th cent. in British sources), (of a cause) efficient (6th cent. in Boethius; 13th cent. in a British source), produced as effect, resultant (12th and 13th centuries in British sources) < effect- , past participial stem of efficere effect v. + -īvus -ive suffix; in some uses perhaps also partly after Middle French, French effectif (of a cause) efficient (1378), which has or is capable of having an effect (1464), real, actual, not hypothetical (a1481), (of faith, love, etc.) that bears fruit in contact (1696 in the passage translated in 1701 at sense A. 6b), (noun) effective part of an army (1792). With use as noun compare post-classical Latin effectivum effective force (6th cent. in Boethius; use as noun of neuter of the adjective). Compare Italian effettivo (a1327). Compare effectual adj.With forms in affect- compare discussion at effect n. A. adj. 1. a. Powerful in effect; producing a notable effect; effectual. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] frameeOE goodeOE mightyOE vailanta1325 sicker1338 mightful1340 suffisant1340 virtuousa1387 effectivea1398 effectuala1398 worthya1398 availingc1420 effectuous?a1425 operant?a1425 substantialc1449 virtual?a1475 substantious1483 available1502 efficacious1528 energial1528 working1532 operatory1551 operatoriousa1555 stately1567 feckful1568 efficace?1572 shifty1585 operative1590 instrumental1601 efficable1607 speeding1612 effectuating1615 officious1618 availsome1619 prevailable1624 valid1651 perficient1659 affectuous1664 implemental1676 virtual1760 efficient1787 sufficient1831 slick1833 roadworthy1837 practician1863 positive1903 performant1977 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xvii. lxxxiv. 974 Oleum iuniperinum [sic]..is most effectif aȝeins þe quartayne. c1443 R. Pecock Reule of Crysten Religioun (1927) 484 (MED) A willing of a deede to be doon may not be sufficient and speedful and effectyue comaunder þat þer bi þe deede be effectuali doon, but if þe wilner..and þe doer of þe deede..be oon and þe same persoone. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 10 Such books are..usefull drugs..wherewith to temper and compose effective and strong med'cins, which mans life cannot want. 1729 G. Shelvocke, Jr. tr. K. Siemienowicz Great Art Artillery ii. xv. 106 If instead of Charcoal you take..any thing else that is of a very combustible Nature, and very susceptible of Fire.., you will have a Powder to the full as effective as the Black Sort. 1836 Random Recoll. Ho. Lords xvi. 402 He does not speak often; nor can he be considered an effective speaker. 1838 W. Howitt Rural Life Eng. I. i. iv. 43 Contributed to make these pursuits as effective, elegant, and attractive as possible. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iii. 46 Its best admiral could not have..anchored it [sc. England] in a more..effective position. 1860 N. Hawthorne Marble Faun II. xviii. 204 An Italian comedy..effective over everybody's risibilities. 1879 J. A. Froude Cæsar iv. 39 Fewer men, better trained and disciplined, could be made more effective. 1948 Life 6 Sept. 18/2 The impudent but effective tactics by which the Brooklyn Dodgers hope to win their second straight National League pennant. 2006 N.Y. Times Mag. 22 Jan. 72/2 Studies have shown that a good number of female fishing spiders are from a very early age highly driven and effective hunters. b. Of a work of art, a design, a literary composition, etc.: producing a striking or pleasing impression. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > aspects of emotion > effect produced on emotions > [adjective] > strong or deep sensiblea1393 solemnc1400 forcible1573 powerful1588 pressive1623 effectual1662 knock-down1690 impressive1775 imposing1783 effective1790 telling1819 home-coming1848 compelling1901 awesome1916 impactive1934 dynamite1942 fuck-off1962 society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally wateryc1230 polite?a1500 meagre1539 over-laboured1579 bald1589 spiritless1592 light1597 meretricious1633 standing1661 effectual1662 airy1664 severe1665 correct1676 enervatea1704 free1728 classic1743 academic1752 academical1752 chaste1753 nerveless1763 epic1769 crude1786 effective1790 creative1791 soulless1794 mannered1796 manneristical1830 manneristic1837 subjective1840 inartisticala1849 abstract1857 inartistic1859 literary1900 period1905 atmospheric1908 dateless1908 atmosphered1920 non-naturalistic1925 self-indulgent1926 free-styled1933 soft-centred1935 freestyle1938 pseudish1938 decadent1942 post-human1944 kitschy1946 faux-naïf1958 spare1965 1790 E. Tatham Chart & Scale Truth I. 293 Poetical imitations are always the most perfect, the most proper, and the most effective, when they are made directly from things that are. 1804 Times 26 Oct. 3/4 The humour of the characters was heightened, the sentiments were given with more nature and impressiveness, and the affecting situations were rendered more striking and effective. 1853 G. Johnston Terra Lindisfarnensis I. 107 The high bank..is..rendered effective by a perpendicular wall of naked sandstone. 1872 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 21 It is not one suited to produce any very effective romantic narrative. 1882 Garden 18 Feb. 119/1 Varieties of Amarantus are..effective in the..garden. 1938 Amer. Home Jan. 21/2 Now that so many walls are in beautiful plain colors or in delicate Regency stripes, the opportunity to put something lovely on so effective a background is not to be missed. 1990 Ideal Home Aug. 45/4 For an effective display, choose larger than average plants with large leaves. †2. Concerned with, or having the function of, carrying into effect, executing, or accomplishing; (of a cause) that makes something to be what it is, efficient (cf. effective cause n. at Compounds). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > carrying out > [adjective] effectivea1398 executional1652 executory1659 effectual1662 executivea1676 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 107^v Þis spere conteyneþ all þe neþir þingis & ordeyneþ & informeþ hem alle, & is cause affectif of generacioun & of lyuynge [L. generationis et vegetationis effectiua]. c1425 Wyntoun Cron. ix. xxvii. 256 Ðis wes þe Proces causative, Ðat eftyr folowit effective. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke Annot. sig. ¶^v Musicke is diuided into two parts... The second may be called Syntactical, Poetical, or effectiue. 1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. i. 33 The former was significatiue onely, his effectiue. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iv. i. 442 The act of the will..is acquisitive and effective, or recusative and destructive, otherwise than it is in any other faculties. 1708 J. C. Sturm Mathesis Juvenilis I. 127 One sort of Geometry is Theorical, which demonstrates Theorems, and the other Practical or Effective, which demonstratively resolves Problems. †3. a. That is concerned in the production of (an event or condition, or (rare) a material product). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [adjective] > causing > productive of causativea1420 nutrix?a1475 effective1594 inductive1613 productivea1631 creative1701 gignitive1837 causeful1849 1594 T. Bowes tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. II. 379 Powers..are effectiue principles [Fr. principes effectifs] of all actions. 1607 R. Parker Scholasticall Disc. against Antichrist i. ii. 91 The signe of the Crosse is..effectiue of grace. 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. IV iv. 170 Politic Philosophie is defined..a Science effective of Justice in the Citie. 1684 tr. T. Bonet Guide Pract. Physician vi. 193 In the Tertian [Ague] the part effective of the bloud is out of its natural temper. b. Having the power of acting upon the thing designated. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > efficacy > [adjective] > having the power of acting upon objects effectuala1398 effective1646 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 214 Time is not effective, nor are bodies destroyed by it, but from the action and passion of their Elements in it. View more context for this quotation a1652 J. Smith Select Disc. (1660) v. ii. 139 The more unbodied any thing is, the more unbounded also is it in its Effective power. 4. a. Actual, de facto; existing in fact; that is (..) so far as the effect is concerned. Frequently opposed to potential, nominal. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > reality or real existence or actuality > [adjective] present1340 actuala1398 absolutec1443 effectualc1475 bodilya1616 effective1620 deedy1781 real lifec1819 positive1831 factual1846 transactional1858 entitative1862 real world1963 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes 2nd Pt. Don Quixote l. 339 Sir, (quoth the Page) all I know of my selfe, is, that I am a reall Ambassador, and that Signior Sancho Pansa is an effectiue Gouernour [Sp. Gouernador efectiuo]. 1786 E. Burke Speech 4 Apr. in Jrnls. House of Commons (1803) 41 503/2 Afterwards displacing two effective governours..appointed in Succession by himself. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 9 The collection of an effective and well-distributed revenue. View more context for this quotation 1829 Times 20 Aug. 4/1 The night watch is a watch rather formal and nominal than actual and effective. a1832 J. Bentham Levelling Syst. in Wks. (1843) I. 361 Those..whose present fortunes are above the mark..would be but a small part of the real and effective losers. 1878 H. P. Gurney Crystallogr. 39 Potential and not effective planes of symmetry. 1938 Polit. Sci. Q. 53 490 The organization of the Committee will become the organization of the War Cabinet, and the Minister in effective charge of the Committe will be the real Prime Minister. 1988 D. May Hannah Arendt ii. 37 His departure was the effective end of their marriage. 2005 Managem. Today Dec. 25/2 The artificial structure created to mask the effective renationalisation of Railtrack. b. In predicative use. Of an order, ruling, appointment, etc.: taking effect, in force. Frequently in verbless clauses. ΚΠ 1909 Columbia Law Rev. 9 523 On May 1, 1908 the commodities clause of the so-called Hepburn Act became effective. 1952 Times 17 June 10/3 The Union Bank of Burma Act, 1952, will become effective on July 1 next. 1961 R. B. Long Sentence & its Parts xi. 265 Effective the first of November, the library will close at eleven. 1992 N.Y. Times 19 Aug. a1/4 Mr. Baker, whose..appointment as Mr. Bush's chief of staff and campaign coordinator becomes effective Sunday, is said to be resisting the idea. 2000 S. Gardiner Dominion of Wyley McFadden v.176 Straightaway he cancelled the answering service, effective immediately. 5. Of personnel in the armed forces: fit for work or service. Cf. sense B. 2. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > [adjective] > of health: good > fit > for work or service effective1648 effectuala1661 society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [adjective] > fit for service serviceable1629 effective1648 effectuala1661 1648 H. Parker Of Free Trade 11 When that shall be accounted an army of so many souldiers effective, this shall be despised as a rout of so many men rudely conglomerated, and thronged together. 1684 Scanderbeg Redivivus v. 105 Being not above 15 or 16000 Men Effective. 1701 London Gaz. No. 3733/4 The Imperial Army is said to consist of 44000 Effective Men. 1791 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse §295 The copper-smiths..were not likely very soon to be effective. 1812 Times 11 Aug. 3/3 On an average each battalion may be reduced to 500 men effective present under arms. 1905 Times 11 Aug. 9/6 The policy of the Government was to reduce the force to 180,000 men, and to spend the whole of the present grant of £1,500,000 in making it effective. 6. a. Designating that part or component of an agency or force which is actually brought to bear on a particular object or is instrumental in producing a result; designating a property or quantity considered, measured, or expressed in such a way as to take account of factors which modify its effect or prevent its direct measurement.See also effective aperture n., effective mass n., effective temperature n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1687 Philos. Trans. 1686–7 (Royal Soc.) 16 270 The effective Force (and consequently the Celerity) as to a first Moment, is to be ¹/ _m of what it would be, had there been no resistance. 1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 120 Had the effective aperture or section of the water been the same..so that 131,2 lb. of water had been discharged instead of 144, the effect would have been increased in the same proportion. 1807 T. Young Course Lect. Nat. Philos. I. xxxiv. 397 In the pedal harp, the half notes are formed by pressing pins against the strings, so as to shorten their effective length. 1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 67 This we call the virtual or effective head [of water]. 1879 W. Thomson & P. G. Tait Treat. Nat. Philos. (new ed.) I: Pt. i. §228 The Component of a force in any direction, (sometimes called the Effective Component in that direction). 1956 C. A. Culver Musical Acoustics (ed. 4) v. 65 The ear is most sensitive at a frequency of about 3000 cps. At that frequency a subjective sound reaction will result if the effective pressure of the sound wave is less than 0.0002 dyne/sq cm. 1966 M. R. Broer Efficiency Human Movement (ed. 2) vii. 72 The total effective force is the sum of the forces produced by all [muscle] groups if all are applied in the same direction and in the proper sequence. 1992 PC World Apr. 190/3 Many scanner vendors claim an ‘effective’ resolution of 600 dpi for their 300-dpi scanners using interpolation. 2001 Model Engineer 186 121/1 Considerable force is applied to a slide valve by virtue of the steam pressure acting on its effective surface area and so port face wear is inevitable. b. Theology. Of faith, love, etc.: that bears fruit in conduct. ΚΠ 1701 W. Darrell tr. G. Daniel Disc. Cleander & Eudoxus vii. 332 Let us, on the contrary, suppose that there shou'd be no command at all, of affective love [Fr. amour affectif], but that the command of effective love [Fr. amour effectif] shou'd subsist and be accomplished. 1733 Devout Christian's Compan. (ed. 2) xxxvi. 374 And oh blessed Day! when we shall have once thoroughly possessed our Souls with such a vigorous and effective Faith as this. 1855 F. W. Faber Growth in Holiness (ed. 2) v. 71 Effective love makes us the living images of Jesus. 1913 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 18 705 An effective love of one's neighbor is the product of a rational and idealizing faith. 2000 Church Hist. 69 911 We see in Ewald's turn to the subject, to history, and to biblical narrative as the inspiration for building a Christian community of effective love the basic outline of nineteenth-century liberal theology. c. That is attended with result or has an effect. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [adjective] > that has an effect effective1723 1723 S. Clarke in J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. II. xvii. 227/1 ( (note) ) Of the Rays which fall parallel and contiguous upon a refracting Sphere, those that are effective or proper to produce a Rain-bow, must also come out of the Sphere parallel and contiguous. 1762 O. Goldsmith Citizen of World I. xlix. 215 There is an effective power superior to the people. 1776 A. Smith Inq. Wealth of Nations I. i. x. 149 The masters alone had an effective voice in the legislation. 1799 tr. F. D'Ivernois Hist. & Polit. Surv. Losses French Nation x. 362 For an effective capital of twenty-two thousand livres (or the paltry sum of 880l. sterling), the republic has alienated the palaces, hotels, convents, and other edifices, which, according to Clauzell, produced an annual income of two millions. 1806 T. R. Malthus Ess. Princ. Population (ed. 3) II. iii. x. 250 The quantity of effective capital employed in agriculture. 1831 Times 24 Dec. 3/3 The country..has made repeated, though partially effective, calls for an investigation of the builder's accounts. 1863 J. H. Burton Book-hunter (ed. 2) 90 The honour of the first effective shot. 1945 Salamanca (N.Y.) Republican Press 28 June 3/4 More than 100 aimed and effective shots were laid in on the German column. 1985 Times 2 July 1/4 Despite largely effective calls for restraint by Mr Scargill there were angry boos and shouts of ‘scab’. 7. Grammar. Denoting the completion or result of an action. Cf. sense B. 4. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [adjective] > other specific aspects frequentative1534 indefinite1827 iterative1827 semelfactive1827 telic1846 usitative1849 resultative1857 semi-telic1865 permansive1866 constative1901 effective1904 point-action1913 egressive1914 punctual1914 benefactive1943 1904 Expositor 6th Ser. 10 444 The effective aorist κατήντησαν is very different from a durative like ἐπορεύοντο. 1906 Classical Rev. 20 466/1 Little less fundamental for Dr. Moulton's purpose is his discussion of the Greek Tense-systems, where he distinguishes ‘punctiliar’ action, whether ‘ingressive’, ‘effective’, or ‘constative’, from ‘linear’ or ‘durative’, and from ‘perfect’ and ‘iterative’. 1932 Jrnl. Eng. & Germanic Philol. 31 251 The latter class may be called the effective aspect: ‘His strength gave out’, i.e., he came to the end of his strength. 1970 Language 46 300 The -t forms were predominantly selected..for preterits in contexts suggestive of non-durative (‘effective’) aspect. B. n. †1. An effective cause (see effective cause n. at Compounds and cf. sense A. 3). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > [noun] > types of cause efficient cause1393 conjunct causec1400 final causec1400 meritorious cause1526 matter1570 deficient cause1581 effectrix1583 formal cause1586 material cause1586 final cause1587 conservant cause1588 efficient1593 effective1610 defective cause1624 proximate cause1641 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine Citie of God xii. xxv. 466 Had the eye the apple..their rotundity not from any externall effectiue. [L. Eadem ui diuina & effectiua..accepit speciem rotunditas oculi, & rotunditas pomi.] 1686 J. Goad Astro-meteorologica i. i. 1 No less are they the due Effective of the former. 2. Military. a. An effective soldier (see sense A. 5); one fit for work or service. Usually in plural. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > type of soldier generally > [noun] > fit effective1708 efficient1864 1708 Duke of Marlborough Let. 2 Aug. in H. L. Snyder Marlborough–Godolphin Corr. (1975) II. 1048 There must be care taken to pay the 20 crowns only for the efectives. 1722 London Gaz. No. 6060/1 The Garrisons..consist of 1000 Effectives. 1809 Duke of Wellington Let. 30 June in Dispatches (1837) IV. 478 An abstract..which shows the comparative numbers of effectives and total. 1866 G. Bancroft Hist. U.S. IX. xxiv. 407 They counted nine thousand effectives. 1900 Times 7 Dec. 13/3 Not half the nominal effectives of the Home Army could be placed in the field. 1966 Jrnl. Contemp. Hist. 1 163 The proposed increase in Army effectives in 1913 produced the next head-on collision between the SPD and the establishment. 2000 Jrnl. Mil. Hist. 64 14 Nevertheless, the numbers of effectives did not quite match overall French strength in Andalusia. b. As a mass noun: that part of an army which is fit for work or service. ΚΠ 1846 Naut. Mag. & Naval Chron. Sept. 486 In the year 1820, the effective of the English merchant navy amounted to 25,374 vessels. 1885 Standard 29 Oct. 5/5 The effective of the Turkish forces in the Balkan Peninsula now reaches 180,000 men. 1914 Times 16 Nov. 7/3 Making 13 battalions in all, and representing half the effective of the Guard Corps. 1970 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 60 75 It is noticeable that this figure is the effective of the old tribal army, based on the three tribes and the thirty curiae. †3. = effective money n. at Compounds. Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 138/2 Bills on Vienna are generally directed to be paid in effective. 4. An effective verb or an effective aspect or part of a verb (see sense A. 7). rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > aspect > [noun] > effective aspect effective1935 1935 G. O. Curme Gram. Eng. Lang. II. xii. 237 In duratives, ingressives, effectives..the present participle represents the act as incomplete. Compounds effective aperture n. Optics the diameter of the widest beam of light incident on an optical system that goes to form an image; also in extended use (e.g. in connection with radio waves or particle beams). ΚΠ 1844 Littell's Living Age 14 Dec. 412/1 Messrs. Merz and Mahler, of Munich, have more recently executed..an Achromatic Telescope whose object glass has 15 inches of effective aperture, and a focal length of 322 feet. 1887 Proc. Royal Soc. 1886 41 282 We may elude the objection by contracting proportionally the effective aperture, but only at the expense of brightness. 1965 M. J. Langford Basic Photogr. iii. 54 As the aperture closes the diameter of this incident light beam or ‘Effective Aperture’ narrows proportionally. 1995 Sci. Amer. Feb. 57/1 Radio astronomers have developed methods for combining signals from radio telescopes scattered around the globe, creating an effective aperture 8,000 miles across. effective cause n. an efficient cause. ΚΠ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 106 Þe firmament sendiþ þe vertu of his liȝt, þat is effectif cause of generacioun, to þe erþe. ?1574 T. Hill Contempl. Myst. f. 68 The materiall or effectiue cause neare to the Earthquake, is the exhalation..engendred and included within the caues..of the earth. 1660 Bp. J. Taylor Ductor Dubitantium II. iv. i. 466 But he that so assists, that he is the great effective cause of the evil which without his aide would not have been done at all, is intirely guilty. 1743 D. Brooker Cathedral Music 12 I would not be misunderstood..that th assemblage of Instruments and Voices were any ways the effective Cause of the Glory's Appearance. 1892 Philos. Rev. 1 586 Mechanicalism: mechanical causes, in the sense of Kant, are assumed as the sole effective cause and are placed in opposition to teleological causes. 1950 Mod. Law Rev. 13 239 Causes fall into two categories, contributing and effective. 2001 Studia Islamica 92 183 Even if we accept that only God can be an effective cause. effective charge n. Military (now rare) the expenditure on effective forces, as distinguished, e.g. from that on military pensions, retired pay, etc. ΚΠ 1828 Times 5 July (Suppl.) 6/1 In the effective charge of the ordnance there had been a reduction since the year 1815, the last year of the war, of nearly 3,000,000l. out of a sum of 3,800,000l. 1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 306 The whole effective charge of the army, navy, and ordnance, was about seven hundred and fifty thousand pounds. 1913 Times 6 Feb. 5/1 The borrowing Government should as a rule bear the non-effective as well as the effective charge for the period of employment. effective date n. the date on which an order, ruling, appointment, etc., takes effect. ΘΚΠ the world > time > particular time > [noun] > an appointed or fixed time, day, or date > for something to begin or be released release date1904 effective date1909 zero hour1915 zero day1917 start date1920 countdown1953 T1959 1909 Columbia Law Rev. 9 523 A little over a year after the effective date of the Act. 1998 I. Hunter Which? Guide to Employment x. 177 The law currently states that the employee must have two years' continuous employment as at the effective date of termination (EDT). effective demand n. Economics the actual level of demand, for practical purposes; spec. the level of demand that represents a real intention to purchase by those with the means to pay. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects overheating1609 consumption1662 supply1744 production1767 demand1776 effective demand1819 employment rate1833 equilibrium1871 opportunity cost1894 bankers' ramp1931 multiplier1936 multiplier effect1937 market forces1942 cost push1952 externality1957 fiscal drag1964 demand-side1975 1819 Times 24 July 2/2 Every speculation in ordinary times is only sound or prudent in so far as it is calculated on the relative proportion of supply and effective demand. 1893 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 1 375 The point in the growth of the demand for food at which there will be an effective demand for one-and-a-half times as much American wheat as at present. 1953 J. L. Hanson Textbk. Econ. iv. x. 155 To distinguish demand from need this [demand at a price] is sometimes called effective demand. 1994 K. Perry Business & European Community iii. 42 The economic environment then further worsened as a result of the 1973 oil crisis, which by reducing effective demand and increasing inflation contributed to the stagflation of the 1970s. effective list n. Military (now rare) the list of personnel or ships that are fit for service. ΚΠ 1843 Times 25 Feb. 3/2 How many of them [sc. admirals] were on the effective list? 1855 Times 6 Jan. 5/5 Two vacancies having occurred in the establishment of general officers on the effective list of the Royal Artillery. 1939 Times 3 Aug. 17/7 The completion of the Belfast brings up the total of British cruisers on the effective list to 60. 1946 Mariner's Mirror 32 10 The Rupert was struck off the effective list in 1906. effective mass n. the mass of something as calculated or inferred from its effect in a particular context; (Physics) the mass that needs to be assigned to a particle if the usual equations of motion are to hold in a situation where they do not strictly apply; spec. the mass that an electron appears to have in a crystal lattice, where its motion is affected by electric and magnetic fields. ΚΠ 1842 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 132 249 The difference of the two last determinations..gives the effective mass [of air] between the stations. 1896 J. Larmor in Philos. Trans. 1895 (Royal Soc.) A. 186 718 The motional forcive..will go on increasing the acceleration of the electron, of effective mass Le², until [etc.]. 1909 W. C. D. Whetham in A. C. Seward Darwin & Mod. Sci. xxix. 568 An electric charge possesses mass, and there is evidence to show that the effective mass of a corpuscle increases as its velocity approaches that of light in the way it would do if all its mass were electromagnetic. 1917 Physical Rev. 9 167 For all three metals..the effective mass of the carrier comes out somewhat larger than the accepted value for the mass of a slow moving electron in free space. 1922 T. M. Lowry Inorg. Chem. xxxi. 544 The effective mass of the proton may be greater..when free or associated only with a planetary electron than it is when associated closely with electrons in the nucleus of an atom. 1949 Physical Rev. 75 865/2 The ionization energy of donors is less than that of acceptors, probably because conduction electrons have a smaller effective mass than holes. 1995 P. Woodward My Own Right Time ii. 10 The effective mass of the bob increases slightly when the density of the air increases,..and its inertia has to be added to that of the pendulum. effective money n. money in the form of coin, as opposed to paper money. ΚΠ 1738 Some Thoughts Interest of Money 3 That the Price of Things in one Age, will bear that proportion to the Price of them in another Age, which the effective Silver in the nominal Pound of Money at one Time, bears to the effective Silver in the nominal Pound at another Time.] 1756 R. Rolt New Dict. Trade at Coin On the foot whereon the English money now stands, it is divided into real coin, or effective money; and imaginary money, or money of accompt. 1875 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 481 If a town of a valuation of $1,000,000 requires to raise $20,000 of effective money, this might be done by a rate of $20 on $1,000. 1953 Jrnl. Finance 8 409 It is not strictly proper to include in ‘effective money’ commercial bank vault and till cash. 2000 Business Hist. rev. 74 181 These reforms also unleashed centrifugal forces as the center and localities struggled to command the real resources needed to maintain economic activity in the absence of effective money. effective range n. the range within which a missile, weapon, or firearm is effective. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > [noun] > range of missile mesc1390 level1548 range1588 flight1608 effective range1844 1844 Times 12 Sept. 5/3 Thus, while the extreme range of his 10-inched canan obuiser is 5,000 metres, its effective range is only1,200—a difference of four to one. 1846 A. S. Mackenzie Life Stephen Decatur iv. 70 She was moored within half gun shot of the Bashaw's Castle, and the Molehead and Crown Batteries, and within effective range of ten other batteries. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 57 Two hundred and twenty yards..is to be taken as the effective range for fighting purposes of the old archery. 1908 Science 11 Dec. 822/2 The effective range of the modern high-power gun is now about five miles. 1984 G. McWhiney & P. D. Jamieson Attack & Die ii. 29 Candid American officers admitted that their own troops often tried to extend their musket fire beyond effective range. 2000 Asian Surv. 40 326 Trishul (Trident), a short-range all weather SAM [= surface-to-air missile] with an effective range of nine kilometers, is fitted with a high explosive fragmented warhead. effective temperature n. (a) Physics the temperature of the sun or other astronomical body, estimated as the actual temperature of a black body of the same size which would radiate the same amount of energy; (b) the temperature at which something is effective or functional; (c) the subjective degree of heat or cold, taking actual temperature and other environmental factors into account; (d) Physics the temperature of something as represented by the kinetic energy of its constituent atomic or subatomic particles. ΚΠ 1880 C. A. Young in Princeton Rev. Jan. 94 We may..inquire what must be the temperature of a globe of the sun's size..and at the sun's distance from the earth, in order to send us the amount of heat actually observed. Assuming the radiating power of this fictitious sun to be the same as that of a surface of lamp-black (the best radiator known), the temperature corresponding to this assumption is designated as the sun's effective temperature. 1924 H. Dingle Mod. Astrophysics ix. 119 The wavelength of maximum energy, from which the effective temperature is determined. 1929 R. A. Wardle Princ. Appl. Zool. 197 There would seem to be for each species of insect a range of temperatures between whose maximum and minimum extremes the insect is active... This range of temperatures may be termed the range of Effective Temperatures. 1930 Engineering 28 Nov. 671/1 The effective temperature of a room, that is to say, the temperature at which, in still air, a sizeable black body at standard temperature will lose heat at the same rate as it is being lost in its environment. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XVII. 847 f/2 The term ‘effective temperature’ was sometimes used to denote what we now call ‘colour temperature’. ‘Effective temperature’ is now used to denote the temperature of a black body for which the total emitted radiation..is the same as the total radiation..emitted from the surface of a star. 1976 O. Ojo in C. G. Knight & J. L. Newman Contemp. Afr. viii. 104 The Effective Temperature index (ET)..was developed by exposing volunteer subjects to different atmospheric conditions of temperature, humidity, and air movement and by asking them to rate their comparative sensations of warmth or coolness. 1976 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 281 513 The effective temperature of the plasma turbulence is many orders of magnitude larger than the initial electron temperature. 2002 F. Close et al. Particle Odyssey x. 204 When individual electrons and positrons collide at energies at 100 GeV, the effective temperature is some 10¹⁵ degrees. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.a1398
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