单词 | effeminate |
释义 | effeminateadj.n. A. adj. 1. With reference to actions, personal characteristics, qualities, etc., stereotypically associated with women and regarded as inappropriate for (and in earlier use often detrimental to) a man. a. Chiefly depreciative. Originally, of a person (esp. a man) or a person's character, attitudes, actions, etc.: weak, self-indulgent, lacking in self-control, over-refined. Now usually: spec. designating personal appearance, mannerisms, speech, bearing, etc., in a man stereotypically regarded as feminine, or as affected, overly flamboyant, or fastidious; (also, of a man) having such mannerisms, speech, etc.In later use often describing mannerisms, etc., stereotypically associated with gay men.Quot. ?a1439 could alternatively be interpreted as showing an earlier use of sense A. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > female > effeminacy > [adjective] womanly?c1225 ferbleta1300 effeminatea1393 nicea1393 softc1450 manlessa1529 unmanly1534 cockney1573 effeminated1580 unmanlikea1586 milky1602 enervate1603 womanizing1615 emasculate1622 womanized1624 softly1643 womanlish1647 unmasculine1649 emollid1656 ladylike1656 enervated1660 emasculated1701 petticoated1708 tea-faced1728 effeminized1789 invirile1870 epicene1881 sissyish1889 sissified1898 devirilized1901 cockless1902 camp1909 pansy1929 campy1932 queenly1933 poncy1937 pansyish1941 swishy1941 moffie1954 poofy1956 femme1963 poofed-up1964 minty1965 ponced-up1970 lavender1979 a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 4304 To sen a man fro his astat Thurgh his sotie effeminat, And leve that a man schal do. a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 1613 It is..the moste pereilous thyng, A prynce to been off his condicioun Effemynat, his wittis enclynyng, Be fals desirs off flesshli mocioun, To put hymselff vnder subieccioun..To onleeful lustis, hatful & lecherous. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.viij An effeminate persone neuer hathe spirite to any hie or noble dedes. c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Bvv How strang..pepill grew in our regioun afore thay wer effeminat with lust. 1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 14v [In Theaters] There set they a broche, straunge consortes of melodie, to tickle the eare, costly apparrell to flatter the sight, effeminate gesture to raiush [sic] the sence, and wanton speache, to whette desire to inordinate lust. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 107 Shall we at last conclude effeminate peace? View more context for this quotation 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. xxii. 319 But a Souldiers death shall make amends for thy effeminate life. 1699 Protestant Mercury 28 Apr. 2/1 A thin, spare Man, about 30 Years of Age..brown Hair, Effeminate Voice. 1699 London Spy June 5 Men look'd so Effeminate, and shew'd such cowardly tameness. 1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xiv. 284 A luxurious and effeminate race. 1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. 148 Rome was..humbled beneath the effeminate luxury of Oriental despotism. 1807 R. Wilson Diary 14 Feb. (1862) II. vii. 96 Their present conduct is characterised by the most effeminate pusillanimity. 1839 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) II. iii. 149 They would sooner employ..the most effeminate circumlocution than resort to a..homely term or phrase. 1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 107 This step..enabled the Germanic soldiers to compare themselves with the effeminate troops of the south. 1957 J. Braine Room at Top vii. 67 Despite the manicure and the diamond ring he didn't look effeminate; though he didn't look masculine either. 2001 K. S. Duiker Quiet Violence of Dreams 337 I don't get women clients because I'm too camp, and effeminate. (a) Characteristic of or appropriate to a woman as opposed to a man; feminine, womanly. Also occasionally: denoting the female sex. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [adjective] > effeminate man womanisha1393 womanlike1440 feminatea1533 effeminate1549 womanlike1565 cockney1573 feminine1614 androgynous1628 muliebrious1652 petit maître1729 Miss Nancyish1855 gynaecomorphous1865 gynandrous1878 girly-girly1882 nancified1901 wimbly-wambly1929 tapette1930 queeny1936 female1940 poofed-up1964 pansy-ass1976 wussy1977 effete1981 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Tim. ii. f. viii Nowe let the women also praye after thexample of the men. Yf there be any effemynate affection [L. Si quid est in animo muliebrium affectuum] in their stomakes, let them caste it out. 1558 F. Withers tr. J. ab Indagine Briefe Introd. Art Chiromancy sig. B.iiii Venus maketh a weake, soft, pleasant, & effeminate voice. 1613 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (rev. ed.) ii. i. 187 Ʋenus hirself..teacheth the ruthlesse Souldier, the soft and tenderly effeminate heart of women in their mothers lappes. 1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 208 But for the abolishing of these customs [sc. the piercing of ears, plucking eyebrows, etc.] few agreed to, fearing such another Mutiny as the former, amongst the effeminate sex. (b) Gentle, tender, compassionate. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > [adjective] nesheOE softc1175 mild-hearteda1200 fleshlyc1384 tendera1400 fleshy1526 warm1526 tender-hearted1539 meltingc1565 nice-hearted1571 soft-hearted1571 effeminate1594 tenderful1901 the mind > emotion > compassion > [adjective] > inclined to nesheOE tender-hearted1539 feeling1583 effeminate1594 passionatea1616 bowellya1637 compassionative1643 caring1966 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [adjective] stillc825 tamec888 nesheOE mildeOE softOE lithea1000 daftc1000 methefulOE sefteOE meekc1175 benign1377 pleasablea1382 mytha1400 tendera1400 unfelona1400 mansuetea1425 meeta1425 gentlec1450 moy1487 placablea1522 facile1539 effeminate1594 silver1596 mildya1603 unmalicious1605 uncruel1611 maliceless1614 tender-hefteda1616 unpersecutive1664 baby-milda1845 rose water1855 turtlish1855 unvindictive1857 soft-boiled1859 tenderful1901 soft-lining1967 1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. E2v Their handes had no leasure to aske counsell of theyr effeminate eyes. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vii. 211 We know your tendernes of heart, And gentle kind effeminate remorse. View more context for this quotation a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) ii. i. sig. C2 Oh if she harbour soft effeminate pitty she may redeem me from a shameful death. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > luxury or luxurious living > [adjective] > of sensations voluptuousc1407 effeminate1604 1604 G. Downame Christians Sanctuarie 22 To containe our eies from beholding vanities and pleasures, our eares from hearing mirth or musick.., our nostrils, from pleasant odours and effeminate smels. 1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick 20 The Ionick Mood was for more light and effeminate Musick. 1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. 77 The Myrtle..because of its Effeminate smell, etc. 1699 tr. L. E. Du Pin Compl. Hist. Canon I. i. ix. 242 Frequently soft and effeminate Songs put the Soul out of order, when it is most calm and compos'd. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective] > lustful for women effeminate1490 woman-mad1791 woman-raving1851 1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xvi. sig. Eiiij Man effemynate [L. uxorius] wythout honour rauysshed in to dileectacion femynyne. 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xvii. 111 The king was supposed to be..very amorous and effeminate. 1700 Flaming Whip for Lechery 116 The Faction called the Zealots became Lustful, Effeminate, Lascivious. 3. Not strong or robust; incapable of much physical endurance or exertion; weak or delicate. Now rare (historical in later use). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of stomach > [adjective] > weak effeminate1528 1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. a8v Oure effeminate flesshe and tender bones Shalbe coonstrayned to faule vnto laboure. 1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. 43 Note heere, that you wisely make choyse of your medicynes, according to the nature and age of the Patient, knowing that the rusticall body maye endure fittest, the stronger sorte; but the effeminate bodies the weaker. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xvi. xl. 624 If that they [sc. the tendons of the muscles, the ligaments, and other nervous parts of the member] bee soft, loose, effeminate and weake, they will not containe the restored bone in its place. 1652 J. French York-shire Spaw x. 91 I..advise those that have effeminate stomachs to take off the cold from the water before they drink it. 1743 R. James Medicinal Dict. I. Pref. p. v She [sc. Medea] had the Art of rendering the most effeminate Bodies strong and vigorous, by directing suitable Exercises. 1871 Cincinnatio Med. Repertory May 214 Certain effeminate constitutions, lymphatics, have seemed to offer a particular disposition to this termination. 1885 University Q. Sept. 6 We venture to say that there is no college where students have more effeminate muscles than do those at New York University. 2005 Feminist Rev. 79 89 A weak, under-nourished and effeminate constitution was more likely to parent hysteria. B. n. 1. a. With the and plural agreement. Effeminate people (esp. men) considered as a class or group. Now rare (later chiefly in historical contexts and likely to be offensive in general use).The passage cited in quot. 1610 is not found at this point in most translations of the Bible. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > effeminate man > collectively effeminate1548 women-men1864 1548 R. Hutten tr. J. Spangenberg Sum of Diuinitie sig. C8 Neither whoremunger, nor Idolater, nor adulterers, nor the effeminat, nor buggers, nor theues, nor ye defaitfull, nor drunkardes, nor slaunderers, nor robberes, nor rauishers, shal possesse the kyngdome of God. 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Prov. xviii. 8 The soules of the effeminate shal be hungrie. 1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 162 A softness, wherein for the most part languish the Effeminate [Fr. les effeminez]. 1791 J. Trapp in tr. J. W. von Archenholz Picture of Italy I. To Public p. vi This work..defines the Italian stage an amusement for the effeminate, who wish to feast their ears upon squalling and empty sounds, and their senses upon indecency and licentiousness. 1849 Knickerbocker Sept. 195 Steel armor, which upon the effeminate is a burden. 1905 Jrnl. Mil. Service Instit. U.S. 36 294 The weak, the timid or the effeminate have no place here [sc. the U.S. Army chaplaincy]. 1993 C. Edwards Politics of Immorality in Anc. Rome ii. 81 In the eyes of Roman moralists, the effeminate were like women in playing a ‘passive’ sexual role but at the same time they were like women in having an excessive interest in sex. b. An effeminate person (usually a man). Sometimes (esp. in later use) with the implication of homosexuality. Now chiefly in historical contexts, and likely to be offensive in general use. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > man > [noun] > effeminate man badlingeOE milksopc1390 cockneyc1405 malkina1425 molla1425 weakling1526 tenderling1541 softling1543 niceling1549 woman-man1567 cocknel1570 effeminate1583 androgyne1587 meacock1590 mammaday1593 hermaphrodite1594 midwife1596 nimfadoro1600 night-sneaker1611 mock-mana1625 nan1670 she-man1675 petit maître1711 old woman1717 master-miss1754 Miss Molly1754 molly1785 squaw1805 mollycoddle1823 Miss Nancy1824 mollycot1826 molly mop1829 poof1833 Margery?c1855 ladyboy1857 girl1862 Mary Ann1868 sissy1879 milk1881 pretty-boy1881 nancy1888 poofter1889 Nancy Dawson1890 softie1895 puff1902 pussy1904 Lizzie1905 nance1910 quean1910 maricon1921 pie-face1922 bitch1923 Jessie1923 lily1923 tapette1923 pansy1926 nancy boy1927 nelly1931 femme1932 ponce1932 queerie1933 palone1934 queenie1935 girlie-man1940 swish1941 puss1942 wonk1945 mother1947 candy-ass1953 twink1953 cream puff1958 pronk1959 swishy1959 limp wrist1960 pansy-ass1963 weeny1963 poofteroo1966 mo1968 shim1973 twinkie1977 woofter1977 cake boy1992 hermaphrodite- 1583 T. Deloney tr. G. Truchsess von Waldburg Declar. Archbishop of Collen sig. C.iijv You should earnestlie vndertake to..cut off these effeminates, fornicators, and adulterers, drunkardes, and idle personnes. 1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres i. lxx. sig. D4v This wanton young effeminate [sc. Richard II]. 1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings xiv. 24 Effeminates [L. effeminati, 1611 Sodomites] were in the land. 1675 G. R. tr. A. Le Grand Man without Passion iv. 39 An effeminate, who grows pale at the sight of a misfortune, who sinks under the assaults of distempers. 1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 223 I can..with a just disdain Frown at effeminates, whose very looks Reflect dishonour on the land I love. 1860 W. Webb in Med. Times 15 Sept. 266/2 Empirical parasites fasten upon the white-faced, narrow-shouldered, and soft-handed effeminates. We seldom see a bone-setter at the bedside of a true sportsman, or a quack in the dwelling of a man who rules himself and his family according to natural laws. 1926 Devon & Exeter Gaz. 8 Sept. 3/4 [We] have no..sympathy..with the drivelling effeminates who weep and wail when, much to the world's advantage, brutal and lustful blackguards are hanged by the neck, as they deserve to be. 2012 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 35 29 Male effeminates who had sex with men, known in the eighteenth century as ‘mollies’, were condemned as ‘reversers of nature’. 2. With the. That which is effeminate (in various senses); effeminate character or quality. rare. ΚΠ 1816 G. Crabb Eng. Synonymes 457/1 The feminine is natural to the female; the effeminate is unnatural to the male. 1929 A. Kreymborg Our Singing Strength xx. 350 Never the soft, the effeminate, is allowed to intrude. 1934 Aberdeen Jrnl. 16 Oct. 5/4 Suede shoes, regarded by some as smacking of the effeminate, are literally making great strides. 1999 J. Cope Repossessed p. ix Male rock'n'roll is a pounding earth rhythm which incorporates the Violent alongside the Effeminate and the Poetic. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). effeminatev. 1. transitive. To make (a man, the mind, etc.) effeminate in nature or character (in various senses of effeminate adj.). ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > female > effeminacy > [verb (transitive)] effeminate1531 womanish1561 feminine1583 womanizea1586 hermaphroditize1598 unman1599 woman1611 smock1614 effeminizec1616 evirate1627 disman1628 lady1656 emolliate1802 1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1941) II. xi. v. 100 Vtheris..sett þair besynes to na thing mair þan to continew þe King in his voluptuus lyffe, inducyng him to all thingis þat mycht effeminatt his mynde, and bring him to schaymfull pleseris. 1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 46v How mony men hes it effeminate. 1676 T. Shadwell Libertine iv. ii Luxurious living..Effeminates fools in body. 1699 T. Cockman tr. Cicero Offices i. xviii. 61 A Stream, which was said to soften and effeminate those, that wash'd in it. 1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber v. 72 Till the male Queen cou'd be effeminated [i.e. till the actor playing that part could be shaved]. 1758 Herald II. 252 If the too free admission of wealth..could..effeminate their manners. 1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 145 Had I been united to her, the Excess of my Affection would have effeminated my Intellect. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 236 Luxury has not effeminated them. 1894 ‘M. O'Rell’ John Bull & Co. 102 Australia is suffering from two scourges—drink and teetotalism. The first brutalises, the second effeminates. 1917 Viscount (Canada) Sun 22 June You live in a country which is effeminated by the influence of old-fashioned ideas of liberty. 2014 M. H. Loughlin Same-sex Desire Early Mod. Eng. vi. 137 A pampering of young gentlemen, effeminating them so that they are unfit for friendship with a man or marriage to a woman. ΘΚΠ the world > life > sex and gender > female > effeminacy > [verb (intransitive)] womanize1604 effeminate1612 camp1910 ponce1947 to camp it up1957 poove1971 1612 F. Bacon Greatness of Kingdoms in Ess. 239 In a slothfull peace both courages will effeminate, and manners corrupt. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > woman > make woman [verb (transitive)] effeminate1678 feminize1744 femininize1864 1678 R. Cudworth tr. Cicero in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 493 They effeminated [L. effeminarunt] the Air and attributed it to Juno. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022). < adj.n.a1393v.1531 |
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