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单词 effeminate
释义

effeminateadj.n.

Brit. /ᵻˈfɛmᵻnət/, U.S. /əˈfɛmənət/, /iˈfɛmənət/
Forms: Middle English effeminat, Middle English–1500s effemynat, Middle English–1600s effemynate, 1500s– effeminate, 1600s effoeminate; also Scottish pre-1700 effemenet, pre-1700 effeminat.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin effēminātus, effēmināre.
Etymology: < classical Latin effēminātus imitating a woman in appearance or behaviour, womanish, unmanly, designating a passive homosexual, use as adjective of passive past participle of effēmināre (see effeminate v.).Compare Catalan efeminat (14th cent.), Spanish efeminado (15th cent.), Portuguese efeminado (1567), Italian effeminato (c1340). In sense A. 2 originally translating classical Latin ūxōrius uxorious adj.
A. adj.
1. With reference to actions, personal characteristics, qualities, etc., stereotypically associated with women and regarded as inappropriate for (and in earlier use often detrimental to) a man.
a. Chiefly depreciative. Originally, of a person (esp. a man) or a person's character, attitudes, actions, etc.: weak, self-indulgent, lacking in self-control, over-refined. Now usually: spec. designating personal appearance, mannerisms, speech, bearing, etc., in a man stereotypically regarded as feminine, or as affected, overly flamboyant, or fastidious; (also, of a man) having such mannerisms, speech, etc.In later use often describing mannerisms, etc., stereotypically associated with gay men.Quot. ?a1439 could alternatively be interpreted as showing an earlier use of sense A. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > sex and gender > female > effeminacy > [adjective]
womanly?c1225
ferbleta1300
effeminatea1393
nicea1393
softc1450
manlessa1529
unmanly1534
cockney1573
effeminated1580
unmanlikea1586
milky1602
enervate1603
womanizing1615
emasculate1622
womanized1624
softly1643
womanlish1647
unmasculine1649
emollid1656
ladylike1656
enervated1660
emasculated1701
petticoated1708
tea-faced1728
effeminized1789
invirile1870
epicene1881
sissyish1889
sissified1898
devirilized1901
cockless1902
camp1909
pansy1929
campy1932
queenly1933
poncy1937
pansyish1941
swishy1941
moffie1954
poofy1956
femme1963
poofed-up1964
minty1965
ponced-up1970
lavender1979
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) vii. l. 4304 To sen a man fro his astat Thurgh his sotie effeminat, And leve that a man schal do.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) iii. l. 1613 It is..the moste pereilous thyng, A prynce to been off his condicioun Effemynat, his wittis enclynyng, Be fals desirs off flesshli mocioun, To put hymselff vnder subieccioun..To onleeful lustis, hatful & lecherous.
a1533 Ld. Berners tr. A. de Guevara Golden Bk. M. Aurelius (1546) sig. E.viij An effeminate persone neuer hathe spirite to any hie or noble dedes.
c1540 J. Bellenden in tr. H. Boece Hyst. & Cron. Scotl. sig. Bvv How strang..pepill grew in our regioun afore thay wer effeminat with lust.
1579 S. Gosson Schoole of Abuse f. 14v [In Theaters] There set they a broche, straunge consortes of melodie, to tickle the eare, costly apparrell to flatter the sight, effeminate gesture to raiush [sic] the sence, and wanton speache, to whette desire to inordinate lust.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 107 Shall we at last conclude effeminate peace? View more context for this quotation
1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis iv. xxii. 319 But a Souldiers death shall make amends for thy effeminate life.
1699 Protestant Mercury 28 Apr. 2/1 A thin, spare Man, about 30 Years of Age..brown Hair, Effeminate Voice.
1699 London Spy June 5 Men look'd so Effeminate, and shew'd such cowardly tameness.
1748 B. Robins & R. Walter Voy. round World by Anson ii. xiv. 284 A luxurious and effeminate race.
1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. 148 Rome was..humbled beneath the effeminate luxury of Oriental despotism.
1807 R. Wilson Diary 14 Feb. (1862) II. vii. 96 Their present conduct is characterised by the most effeminate pusillanimity.
1839 H. Rogers Ess. (1874) II. iii. 149 They would sooner employ..the most effeminate circumlocution than resort to a..homely term or phrase.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands I. 107 This step..enabled the Germanic soldiers to compare themselves with the effeminate troops of the south.
1957 J. Braine Room at Top vii. 67 Despite the manicure and the diamond ring he didn't look effeminate; though he didn't look masculine either.
2001 K. S. Duiker Quiet Violence of Dreams 337 I don't get women clients because I'm too camp, and effeminate.
b. In a neutral or positive sense.
(a) Characteristic of or appropriate to a woman as opposed to a man; feminine, womanly. Also occasionally: denoting the female sex. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [adjective] > effeminate man
womanisha1393
womanlike1440
feminatea1533
effeminate1549
womanlike1565
cockney1573
feminine1614
androgynous1628
muliebrious1652
petit maître1729
Miss Nancyish1855
gynaecomorphous1865
gynandrous1878
girly-girly1882
nancified1901
wimbly-wambly1929
tapette1930
queeny1936
female1940
poofed-up1964
pansy-ass1976
wussy1977
effete1981
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. 1 Tim. ii. f. viii Nowe let the women also praye after thexample of the men. Yf there be any effemynate affection [L. Si quid est in animo muliebrium affectuum] in their stomakes, let them caste it out.
1558 F. Withers tr. J. ab Indagine Briefe Introd. Art Chiromancy sig. B.iiii Venus maketh a weake, soft, pleasant, & effeminate voice.
1613 J. Florio tr. M. de Montaigne Ess. (rev. ed.) ii. i. 187 Ʋenus hirself..teacheth the ruthlesse Souldier, the soft and tenderly effeminate heart of women in their mothers lappes.
1653 Duchess of Newcastle Poems & Fancies 208 But for the abolishing of these customs [sc. the piercing of ears, plucking eyebrows, etc.] few agreed to, fearing such another Mutiny as the former, amongst the effeminate sex.
(b) Gentle, tender, compassionate. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > [adjective]
nesheOE
softc1175
mild-hearteda1200
fleshlyc1384
tendera1400
fleshy1526
warm1526
tender-hearted1539
meltingc1565
nice-hearted1571
soft-hearted1571
effeminate1594
tenderful1901
the mind > emotion > compassion > [adjective] > inclined to
nesheOE
tender-hearted1539
feeling1583
effeminate1594
passionatea1616
bowellya1637
compassionative1643
caring1966
the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > kindness > gentleness or mildness > [adjective]
stillc825
tamec888
nesheOE
mildeOE
softOE
lithea1000
daftc1000
methefulOE
sefteOE
meekc1175
benign1377
pleasablea1382
mytha1400
tendera1400
unfelona1400
mansuetea1425
meeta1425
gentlec1450
moy1487
placablea1522
facile1539
effeminate1594
silver1596
mildya1603
unmalicious1605
uncruel1611
maliceless1614
tender-hefteda1616
unpersecutive1664
baby-milda1845
rose water1855
turtlish1855
unvindictive1857
soft-boiled1859
tenderful1901
soft-lining1967
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. E2v Their handes had no leasure to aske counsell of theyr effeminate eyes.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vii. 211 We know your tendernes of heart, And gentle kind effeminate remorse. View more context for this quotation
a1641 T. Heywood & W. Rowley Fortune by Land & Sea (1655) ii. i. sig. C2 Oh if she harbour soft effeminate pitty she may redeem me from a shameful death.
c. Chiefly depreciative. Of music, sounds, odours, etc.: very alluring or pleasing to the senses, esp. in a way thought to weaken one's self-control or promote self-indulgence or lasciviousness. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > physical sensibility > sensuous pleasure > luxury or luxurious living > [adjective] > of sensations
voluptuousc1407
effeminate1604
1604 G. Downame Christians Sanctuarie 22 To containe our eies from beholding vanities and pleasures, our eares from hearing mirth or musick.., our nostrils, from pleasant odours and effeminate smels.
1654 J. Playford Breefe Introd. Skill Musick 20 The Ionick Mood was for more light and effeminate Musick.
1692 O. Walker Greek & Rom. Hist. 77 The Myrtle..because of its Effeminate smell, etc.
1699 tr. L. E. Du Pin Compl. Hist. Canon I. i. ix. 242 Frequently soft and effeminate Songs put the Soul out of order, when it is most calm and compos'd.
2. Apparently: (of a man) displaying excessive romantic or sexual interest in, or devotion to, women. Obsolete.It is hard to find unambiguous examples of this sense, which seems likely to have arisen either from the notion that indulgence in sensual (and esp. sexual) pleasures was an effeminate quality (see sense A. 1a), or from the belief that close association with women, devotion to a wife or female lover, etc., fostered effeminate qualities in a man. Cf. quot. ?a1439 at sense A. 1a, which perhaps shows or implies earlier currency of this sense. See also effeminacy n. 2; effeminateness n. 2.
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > unchastity > lasciviousness or lust > [adjective] > lustful for women
effeminate1490
woman-mad1791
woman-raving1851
1490 W. Caxton tr. Boke yf Eneydos xvi. sig. Eiiij Man effemynate [L. uxorius] wythout honour rauysshed in to dileectacion femynyne.
1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie ii. xvii. 111 The king was supposed to be..very amorous and effeminate.
1700 Flaming Whip for Lechery 116 The Faction called the Zealots became Lustful, Effeminate, Lascivious.
3. Not strong or robust; incapable of much physical endurance or exertion; weak or delicate. Now rare (historical in later use).
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of stomach > [adjective] > weak
effeminate1528
1528 Rede me & be nott Wrothe sig. a8v Oure effeminate flesshe and tender bones Shalbe coonstrayned to faule vnto laboure.
1585 J. Banister Wecker's Compend. Chyrurg. i. 43 Note heere, that you wisely make choyse of your medicynes, according to the nature and age of the Patient, knowing that the rusticall body maye endure fittest, the stronger sorte; but the effeminate bodies the weaker.
1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xvi. xl. 624 If that they [sc. the tendons of the muscles, the ligaments, and other nervous parts of the member] bee soft, loose, effeminate and weake, they will not containe the restored bone in its place.
1652 J. French York-shire Spaw x. 91 I..advise those that have effeminate stomachs to take off the cold from the water before they drink it.
1743 R. James Medicinal Dict. I. Pref. p. v She [sc. Medea] had the Art of rendering the most effeminate Bodies strong and vigorous, by directing suitable Exercises.
1871 Cincinnatio Med. Repertory May 214 Certain effeminate constitutions, lymphatics, have seemed to offer a particular disposition to this termination.
1885 University Q. Sept. 6 We venture to say that there is no college where students have more effeminate muscles than do those at New York University.
2005 Feminist Rev. 79 89 A weak, under-nourished and effeminate constitution was more likely to parent hysteria.
B. n.
1.
a. With the and plural agreement. Effeminate people (esp. men) considered as a class or group. Now rare (later chiefly in historical contexts and likely to be offensive in general use).The passage cited in quot. 1610 is not found at this point in most translations of the Bible.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun] > effeminate man > collectively
effeminate1548
women-men1864
1548 R. Hutten tr. J. Spangenberg Sum of Diuinitie sig. C8 Neither whoremunger, nor Idolater, nor adulterers, nor the effeminat, nor buggers, nor theues, nor ye defaitfull, nor drunkardes, nor slaunderers, nor robberes, nor rauishers, shal possesse the kyngdome of God.
1610 Bible (Douay) II. Prov. xviii. 8 The soules of the effeminate shal be hungrie.
1692 tr. C. de Saint-Évremond Misc. Ess. 162 A softness, wherein for the most part languish the Effeminate [Fr. les effeminez].
1791 J. Trapp in tr. J. W. von Archenholz Picture of Italy I. To Public p. vi This work..defines the Italian stage an amusement for the effeminate, who wish to feast their ears upon squalling and empty sounds, and their senses upon indecency and licentiousness.
1849 Knickerbocker Sept. 195 Steel armor, which upon the effeminate is a burden.
1905 Jrnl. Mil. Service Instit. U.S. 36 294 The weak, the timid or the effeminate have no place here [sc. the U.S. Army chaplaincy].
1993 C. Edwards Politics of Immorality in Anc. Rome ii. 81 In the eyes of Roman moralists, the effeminate were like women in playing a ‘passive’ sexual role but at the same time they were like women in having an excessive interest in sex.
b. An effeminate person (usually a man). Sometimes (esp. in later use) with the implication of homosexuality. Now chiefly in historical contexts, and likely to be offensive in general use.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > man > [noun] > effeminate man
badlingeOE
milksopc1390
cockneyc1405
malkina1425
molla1425
weakling1526
tenderling1541
softling1543
niceling1549
woman-man1567
cocknel1570
effeminate1583
androgyne1587
meacock1590
mammaday1593
hermaphrodite1594
midwife1596
nimfadoro1600
night-sneaker1611
mock-mana1625
nan1670
she-man1675
petit maître1711
old woman1717
master-miss1754
Miss Molly1754
molly1785
squaw1805
mollycoddle1823
Miss Nancy1824
mollycot1826
molly mop1829
poof1833
Margery?c1855
ladyboy1857
girl1862
Mary Ann1868
sissy1879
milk1881
pretty-boy1881
nancy1888
poofter1889
Nancy Dawson1890
softie1895
puff1902
pussy1904
Lizzie1905
nance1910
quean1910
maricon1921
pie-face1922
bitch1923
Jessie1923
lily1923
tapette1923
pansy1926
nancy boy1927
nelly1931
femme1932
ponce1932
queerie1933
palone1934
queenie1935
girlie-man1940
swish1941
puss1942
wonk1945
mother1947
candy-ass1953
twink1953
cream puff1958
pronk1959
swishy1959
limp wrist1960
pansy-ass1963
weeny1963
poofteroo1966
mo1968
shim1973
twinkie1977
woofter1977
cake boy1992
hermaphrodite-
1583 T. Deloney tr. G. Truchsess von Waldburg Declar. Archbishop of Collen sig. C.iijv You should earnestlie vndertake to..cut off these effeminates, fornicators, and adulterers, drunkardes, and idle personnes.
1595 S. Daniel First Fowre Bks. Ciuile Warres i. lxx. sig. D4v This wanton young effeminate [sc. Richard II].
1609 Bible (Douay) I. 1 Kings xiv. 24 Effeminates [L. effeminati, 1611 Sodomites] were in the land.
1675 G. R. tr. A. Le Grand Man without Passion iv. 39 An effeminate, who grows pale at the sight of a misfortune, who sinks under the assaults of distempers.
1785 W. Cowper Task ii. 223 I can..with a just disdain Frown at effeminates, whose very looks Reflect dishonour on the land I love.
1860 W. Webb in Med. Times 15 Sept. 266/2 Empirical parasites fasten upon the white-faced, narrow-shouldered, and soft-handed effeminates. We seldom see a bone-setter at the bedside of a true sportsman, or a quack in the dwelling of a man who rules himself and his family according to natural laws.
1926 Devon & Exeter Gaz. 8 Sept. 3/4 [We] have no..sympathy..with the drivelling effeminates who weep and wail when, much to the world's advantage, brutal and lustful blackguards are hanged by the neck, as they deserve to be.
2012 Oxf. Art Jrnl. 35 29 Male effeminates who had sex with men, known in the eighteenth century as ‘mollies’, were condemned as ‘reversers of nature’.
2. With the. That which is effeminate (in various senses); effeminate character or quality. rare.
ΚΠ
1816 G. Crabb Eng. Synonymes 457/1 The feminine is natural to the female; the effeminate is unnatural to the male.
1929 A. Kreymborg Our Singing Strength xx. 350 Never the soft, the effeminate, is allowed to intrude.
1934 Aberdeen Jrnl. 16 Oct. 5/4 Suede shoes, regarded by some as smacking of the effeminate, are literally making great strides.
1999 J. Cope Repossessed p. ix Male rock'n'roll is a pounding earth rhythm which incorporates the Violent alongside the Effeminate and the Poetic.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).

effeminatev.

Brit. /ᵻˈfɛmᵻneɪt/, U.S. /əˈfɛməˌneɪt/, /iˈfɛməˌneɪt/
Forms: 1500s effemynate, 1500s– effeminate; also Scottish pre-1700 affeminat, pre-1700 effeminatt.
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin effēmināt-, effēmināre.
Etymology: < classical Latin effēmināt-, past participial stem (see -ate suffix3) of effēmināre to deprive of male characteristics, emasculate, to destroy the manly vigour of, to unman, enervate, (in passive) to become unmanly < ex- ex- prefix1 + fēmina woman (see female n.). Compare earlier effeminate adj.Compare Old French, Middle French effeminer , French efféminer (late 12th cent.), Spanish efeminar (15th cent.), Portuguese efeminar (17th cent.), Italian effeminare (late 14th cent.). With the form affeminat compare af- prefix.
1. transitive. To make (a man, the mind, etc.) effeminate in nature or character (in various senses of effeminate adj.).
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > sex and gender > female > effeminacy > [verb (transitive)]
effeminate1531
womanish1561
feminine1583
womanizea1586
hermaphroditize1598
unman1599
woman1611
smock1614
effeminizec1616
evirate1627
disman1628
lady1656
emolliate1802
1531 J. Bellenden tr. H. Boece Chron. Scotl. (1941) II. xi. v. 100 Vtheris..sett þair besynes to na thing mair þan to continew þe King in his voluptuus lyffe, inducyng him to all thingis þat mycht effeminatt his mynde, and bring him to schaymfull pleseris.
1575 J. Rolland Treat. Court Venus iii. f. 46v How mony men hes it effeminate.
1676 T. Shadwell Libertine iv. ii Luxurious living..Effeminates fools in body.
1699 T. Cockman tr. Cicero Offices i. xviii. 61 A Stream, which was said to soften and effeminate those, that wash'd in it.
1740 C. Cibber Apol. Life C. Cibber v. 72 Till the male Queen cou'd be effeminated [i.e. till the actor playing that part could be shaved].
1758 Herald II. 252 If the too free admission of wealth..could..effeminate their manners.
1794 S. T. Coleridge Coll. Lett. (1956) I. 145 Had I been united to her, the Excess of my Affection would have effeminated my Intellect.
1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 236 Luxury has not effeminated them.
1894 ‘M. O'Rell’ John Bull & Co. 102 Australia is suffering from two scourges—drink and teetotalism. The first brutalises, the second effeminates.
1917 Viscount (Canada) Sun 22 June You live in a country which is effeminated by the influence of old-fashioned ideas of liberty.
2014 M. H. Loughlin Same-sex Desire Early Mod. Eng. vi. 137 A pampering of young gentlemen, effeminating them so that they are unfit for friendship with a man or marriage to a woman.
2. intransitive. To become or grow effeminate. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > sex and gender > female > effeminacy > [verb (intransitive)]
womanize1604
effeminate1612
camp1910
ponce1947
to camp it up1957
poove1971
1612 F. Bacon Greatness of Kingdoms in Ess. 239 In a slothfull peace both courages will effeminate, and manners corrupt.
3. transitive. To regard or personify (a thing) as female. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > person > woman > make woman [verb (transitive)]
effeminate1678
feminize1744
femininize1864
1678 R. Cudworth tr. Cicero in True Intellect. Syst. Universe i. iv. 493 They effeminated [L. effeminarunt] the Air and attributed it to Juno.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2022).
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adj.n.a1393v.1531
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