echinusn.

/iːˈkʌɪnəs/

Forms: Also Middle English echynnys, 1500s echynus.

Etymology: < Latin echīnus, Greek ἐχῖνος hedgehog, sea-urchin.

Zoology.

1. The Sea-urchin; a genus of animals (Order Echinoidea, Class Echinodermata), inhabiting a spheroidal shell built up from polygonal plates, and covered with rows of sharp spines. (The sense ‘hedgehog’ given in Bailey and some modern dictionaries seems to be merely Greek and Latin.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > member of (sea-urchin)

echinusc1374

urchin fish1566

ruffe1591

sea-hedgehog1598

urchin1601

sea urchin1605

sea-bear1611

sea-chestnut1613

sea-thistle1661

sea-apple1666

sea-egg1666

button-fish1668

sea-button1668

urchin-worm1668

whore's egg1674

sea-shilling1713

echinite1750

echinid1835

pancake1843

echinoid1864

oursin1914

kina1960

c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. ix. 82 Sharpe fisshes þat hyȝten echynnys.

?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes sig. riii^v Echynus is a lytell fysshe of half a fote longe, & hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede of fete.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 31 In Chalk..there are only found Echini, and the other lighter sorts of Shells.

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 120 Yon round Echinus ray his arrowy mail.

1877 W. H. Dall Tribes Extreme Northwest 51 The echinus..is furnished with ovaries on the inner side of the dome of the test.

†2. See quot. 1721-1800. Obsolete or doubtful; cf. echinate adj.

ΚΠ

1721–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Echinus, [among Botanists] is the prickly Head, Cover of the Seed or Top of any Plant, so called from its likeness to a Hedg-hog.

3. Anatomy. ‘The rough stomach of a ruminant; also, the rough and muscular gizzard of graminivorous and gallinaceous birds’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon).

ΚΠ

1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. vi. 360 In all granivorous Birds, the Crop, the Echinus and the Gizzard.

4. Architecture. The ovolo moulding next below the abacus of the capital of a column. [So in Greek and Latin; the reason for this use of the word has been variously conjectured.]

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > capital > parts of

abacus1563

echinus1563

plinth1563

fusarole1664

fuse1715

coussinet1728

rind1728

abaciscus1778

horn1847

1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Dii The Antiques in diuers of their edifices, hath made Echinus, to be in Proiecture like vnto Abacus.

1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 127 Echinus, a Bottle cut with an edg.

1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Archit. (1818) 90 This part is called an echinus, because of its resemblance to the prickly coat of chestnut.

1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 968 Echinus, the same as the ovolo or quarter round, though..only properly so called when carved with eggs and anchors.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	echinus
释义	echinusn. /iːˈkʌɪnəs/ Forms: Also Middle English echynnys, 1500s echynus. Etymology: < Latin echīnus, Greek ἐχῖνος hedgehog, sea-urchin. Zoology. 1. The Sea-urchin; a genus of animals (Order Echinoidea, Class Echinodermata), inhabiting a spheroidal shell built up from polygonal plates, and covered with rows of sharp spines. (The sense ‘hedgehog’ given in Bailey and some modern dictionaries seems to be merely Greek and Latin.) ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Echinodermata > [noun] > subphylum Eleutherozoa > class Echinoidea > member of (sea-urchin) echinusc1374 urchin fish1566 ruffe1591 sea-hedgehog1598 urchin1601 sea urchin1605 sea-bear1611 sea-chestnut1613 sea-thistle1661 sea-apple1666 sea-egg1666 button-fish1668 sea-button1668 urchin-worm1668 whore's egg1674 sea-shilling1713 echinite1750 echinid1835 pancake1843 echinoid1864 oursin1914 kina1960 c1374 G. Chaucer tr. Boethius De Consol. Philos. (1868) ii. ix. 82 Sharpe fisshes þat hyȝten echynnys. ?1527 L. Andrewe tr. Noble Lyfe Bestes sig. riii^v Echynus is a lytell fysshe of half a fote longe, & hath sharpe prykcles vnder his bely in stede of fete. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 31 In Chalk..there are only found Echini, and the other lighter sorts of Shells. 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 120 Yon round Echinus ray his arrowy mail. 1877 W. H. Dall Tribes Extreme Northwest 51 The echinus..is furnished with ovaries on the inner side of the dome of the test. †2. See quot. 1721-1800. Obsolete or doubtful; cf. echinate adj. ΚΠ 1721–1800 N. Bailey Universal Etymol. Eng. Dict. Echinus, [among Botanists] is the prickly Head, Cover of the Seed or Top of any Plant, so called from its likeness to a Hedg-hog. 3. Anatomy. ‘The rough stomach of a ruminant; also, the rough and muscular gizzard of graminivorous and gallinaceous birds’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon). ΚΠ 1715 G. Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. (ed. 2) i. vi. 360 In all granivorous Birds, the Crop, the Echinus and the Gizzard. 4. Architecture. The ovolo moulding next below the abacus of the capital of a column. [So in Greek and Latin; the reason for this use of the word has been variously conjectured.] ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > architecture > column > [noun] > capital > parts of abacus1563 echinus1563 plinth1563 fusarole1664 fuse1715 coussinet1728 rind1728 abaciscus1778 horn1847 1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Dii The Antiques in diuers of their edifices, hath made Echinus, to be in Proiecture like vnto Abacus. 1664 J. Evelyn Acct. Archit. in tr. R. Fréart Parallel Antient Archit. 127 Echinus, a Bottle cut with an edg. 1789 P. Smyth tr. H. Aldrich Archit. (1818) 90 This part is called an echinus, because of its resemblance to the prickly coat of chestnut. 1842 J. Gwilt Encycl. Archit. Gloss. 968 Echinus, the same as the ovolo or quarter round, though..only properly so called when carved with eggs and anchors. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c1374
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