electronegativeadj.

Brit.

/ᵻˌlɛktrə(ʊ)ˈnɛɡətɪv/, U.S.

/əˌlɛktrəˈnɛɡədɪv/,

/iˌlɛktrəˈnɛɡədɪv/

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: electro- comb. form, negative adj.

Etymology: < electro- comb. form + negative adj., after French électronégatif (Berzelius 1811, in Journal de physique, de chimie et d'histoire naturelle 73 257). Compare electropositive adj.

1. Chemistry. Of a substance, ion, etc.: attracted to or reacting at the positive electrode (anode) in electrolysis. Hence, of an element or group: tending to gain electrons and form negative ions in chemical reactions. See also electronegativity n. Contrasted with electropositive adj.

ΚΠ

1813 tr. J. J. Berzelius in Ann. Philos. 2 453 If..an acid or electro-negative oxide is neutralized by a quantity of base or electro-positive oxide.

1823 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 9) I. vi. 204 Bodies..attracted by positively electrified surfaces, and repelled by negative ones..may be termed..electro-negative bodies.

1834 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 79 Substances are frequently spoken of as being electro-negative, or electro-positive, according as they go under the supposed influence of a direct attraction to the positive or negative pole.

1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) I. 343 The Anion, or the electronegative component.

1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) vi. 153 The character of the original substance is thus completely changed by the entrance of the electro-negative (acidifying) oxygen.

1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xi. 242 These ions are electrically charged, the metallic ion carrying a positive charge and said to be electro-positive, the acid radicle forming a negative ion, said to be electro-negative.

1969 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 62 662 The more electropositive groups (CH₃) tend to occupy basal positions, while the more electronegative groups (OCH₃) tend to occupy apical positions.

1996 M. J. Winter d-Block Chem. (1998) ii. 21 The donor atoms of ligands which tend to form the most stable complexes with metals such as Cu⁺ and Ag⁺ are larger, less electronegative, and highly polarizable.

2001 J. H. Holloway in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 87 (table) Fluorine is the most electronegative element.

2. More widely: electrically negative.

ΚΠ

1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 13 The electro-positive and electro-negative rays, of which Heat and Actinism are the representatives.

1874 Manufacturer & Builder Oct. 230/2 We know positively that our earth has a constant electro-negative charge.

1922 New Phytologist 21 125 These protoplasts seem to be relatively easily penetrated by complex ions carrying an electronegative charge.

1989 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 Sept. c3 Ordinarily, both the surface of human skin and the exterior surface of bacteria and viruses are net electronegative.

Derivatives

eˌlectroˈnegatively adv. as an electronegative species or group; in an electronegative manner.

ΚΠ

1851 H. Medlock tr. F. Schoedler Bk. Nature i. 232 In the following electrical series, the elements are so arranged that each substance deports itself electro-negatively towards those which follow, and electro-positively to those which precede it.

1856 Sci. Amer. 19 Apr. 251/3 The basket is attached to the negative pole of the battery, and consequently its contents, and the hand also,..become affected electro negatively.

1888 Proc. Royal Soc. 44 164 A local galvanic current is set up between the polar terminals and..less magnetised portion of the bar, the more magnetically-neutral zones acting electro-negatively in relation to the poles.

1905 W. Simon Man. Chem. (ed. 8) ii. viii. 94 Each element in the table below behaves electro-negatively toward those following, and electro-positively toward those preceding.

1994 Jrnl. Parasitol. 80 530/1 These sites were contributed by carboxylate or phosphate groups rather than more strongly electronegatively charged groups.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	electronegative
释义	electronegativeadj. Brit. /ᵻˌlɛktrə(ʊ)ˈnɛɡətɪv/, U.S. /əˌlɛktrəˈnɛɡədɪv/, /iˌlɛktrəˈnɛɡədɪv/ Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: electro- comb. form, negative adj. Etymology: < electro- comb. form + negative adj., after French électronégatif (Berzelius 1811, in Journal de physique, de chimie et d'histoire naturelle 73 257). Compare electropositive adj. 1. Chemistry. Of a substance, ion, etc.: attracted to or reacting at the positive electrode (anode) in electrolysis. Hence, of an element or group: tending to gain electrons and form negative ions in chemical reactions. See also electronegativity n. Contrasted with electropositive adj. ΚΠ 1813 tr. J. J. Berzelius in Ann. Philos. 2 453 If..an acid or electro-negative oxide is neutralized by a quantity of base or electro-positive oxide. 1823 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 9) I. vi. 204 Bodies..attracted by positively electrified surfaces, and repelled by negative ones..may be termed..electro-negative bodies. 1834 M. Faraday in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 79 Substances are frequently spoken of as being electro-negative, or electro-positive, according as they go under the supposed influence of a direct attraction to the positive or negative pole. 1881 J. C. Maxwell Treat. Electr. & Magnetism (ed. 2) I. 343 The Anion, or the electronegative component. 1922 J. J. Sudborough Bernthsen's Text-bk. Org. Chem. (new ed.) vi. 153 The character of the original substance is thus completely changed by the entrance of the electro-negative (acidifying) oxygen. 1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xi. 242 These ions are electrically charged, the metallic ion carrying a positive charge and said to be electro-positive, the acid radicle forming a negative ion, said to be electro-negative. 1969 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 62 662 The more electropositive groups (CH₃) tend to occupy basal positions, while the more electronegative groups (OCH₃) tend to occupy apical positions. 1996 M. J. Winter d-Block Chem. (1998) ii. 21 The donor atoms of ligands which tend to form the most stable complexes with metals such as Cu⁺ and Ag⁺ are larger, less electronegative, and highly polarizable. 2001 J. H. Holloway in R. Catlow & S. Greenfield Cosmic Rays 87 (table) Fluorine is the most electronegative element. 2. More widely: electrically negative. ΚΠ 1862 R. H. Patterson Ess. Hist. & Art 13 The electro-positive and electro-negative rays, of which Heat and Actinism are the representatives. 1874 Manufacturer & Builder Oct. 230/2 We know positively that our earth has a constant electro-negative charge. 1922 New Phytologist 21 125 These protoplasts seem to be relatively easily penetrated by complex ions carrying an electronegative charge. 1989 Washington Post (Nexis) 17 Sept. c3 Ordinarily, both the surface of human skin and the exterior surface of bacteria and viruses are net electronegative. Derivatives eˌlectroˈnegatively adv. as an electronegative species or group; in an electronegative manner. ΚΠ 1851 H. Medlock tr. F. Schoedler Bk. Nature i. 232 In the following electrical series, the elements are so arranged that each substance deports itself electro-negatively towards those which follow, and electro-positively to those which precede it. 1856 Sci. Amer. 19 Apr. 251/3 The basket is attached to the negative pole of the battery, and consequently its contents, and the hand also,..become affected electro negatively. 1888 Proc. Royal Soc. 44 164 A local galvanic current is set up between the polar terminals and..less magnetised portion of the bar, the more magnetically-neutral zones acting electro-negatively in relation to the poles. 1905 W. Simon Man. Chem. (ed. 8) ii. viii. 94 Each element in the table below behaves electro-negatively toward those following, and electro-positively toward those preceding. 1994 Jrnl. Parasitol. 80 530/1 These sites were contributed by carboxylate or phosphate groups rather than more strongly electronegatively charged groups. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1813
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