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单词 along
释义

alongadj.1

Brit. /əˈlɒŋ/, U.S. /əˈlɔŋ/, /əˈlɑŋ/
Forms:

α. Old English gelang, Old English gelong, Middle English ilong, Middle English ylong.

β. Middle English allang, Middle English alonge, Middle English 1600s– along, 1600s allong, 1900s– alang (Scottish); English regional 1800s– alung (north-west midlands), 1900s– alang (Lancashire and Berkshire).

γ. Middle English alle long, Middle English al longe, 1500s–1800s all long; English regional 1700s awlung (northern), 1800s– all-lang (Yorkshire), 1800s– awlong (Cheshire), 1800s– aw long (Cheshire).

δ. late Middle English on-long.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.
Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon gilang attainable, available, Old High German gilang related < the Germanic base of y- prefix + a Germanic base with the sense ‘inclined towards’ (probably < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian lankas bow, hoop, Old Church Slavonic lǫkŭ bow (the weapon), and (with different ablaut grade) Old Russian ljašči to bend, Lithuanian lenkti to bend, incline, to go around, link, (as preposition) towards), probably influenced at an early date by the Germanic base of long adj.1). Compare Old English gelenge (also unprefixed lenge ) belonging, related (see beleng adj.). The β. forms show subsequent reduction of the prefix (compare a- prefix2). Compare also later long adj.2The γ. forms appear to show reanalysis of the first element of the β. forms as all adv. and the second as unprefixed long adj.2 For a similar development, compare δ. forms at along adj.2, prep., and adv. The construction all along in quot. 1766 at β. probably results from similar reanalysis; compare similar constructions at along prep. 1b, along adv. 2b. The δ. forms probably show hypercorrection of a β. -type form due to reanalysis of the prefix as a- prefix3 and substitution of unreduced on- prefix. In later use usually perceived as a special use of along prep.
Now chiefly archaic and regional.
Originally: available or attainable (from); dependent (on), chargeable or attributable (to). Usually with on. After Middle English only in weakened use as a compound preposition, with of (also occasionally on, †with, etc.): because of, on account of, owing to. N.E.D. (1884) says: ‘Common in London, and southern dialects generally.’
ΘΚΠ
the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > because of
in virtue ofa1250
by (also for) reason ofa1350
by the virtue ofa1375
by the cause ofc1405
by occasion ofc1425
for cause ofc1425
by way of1447
for suit of1451
in respect of1528
in consideration of1540
in regard of1600
in intuition to1626
by or in vigour of1636
along1680
in view of1710
α.
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) iv. x. 105 Þæt wæs swiþost on ðæm gelong þæt Hasterbal swa late fleah for þon þe he elpendas mid him hæfde.
OE Andreas (1932) 979 Þær is ar gelang fira gehwylcum, þam þe hie findan cann.
OE Guthlac A 252 Me on heofonum sind lare gelonge.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Gen. (Claud.) xlvii. 25 Hi andswaredon, & cwædon, ‘æt þe is ure lyf gelang [L. salus nostra in manu tua est].’
OE Homily: Sermo Bone Praedicatio (Otho B.x) in A. S. Napier Wulfstan (1883) 300 Gif hit þonne dead wurðe butan fulluhte, and hit on þam preoste gelang sy, þe hit fullian sceolde, þonne sceall he þolian his hades.
a1250 in C. Brown Eng. Lyrics 13th Cent. (1932) 5 (MED) O ðe is al ilong mi lif & eke min heale.
c1300 Life & Martyrdom Thomas Becket (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1642 The strif is on the ilong.
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 2711 (MED) No betere sped hii nadde nere þe worc no so strong; Þe king esste at enchantors war on it were ylong.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) l. 4291 (MED) Hit ys no þyng on hymen ylong þat y ne hadde y-lost Rolond.
a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1889) 82 377 (MED) Þis foule tresoun is nouȝt Ilong on me.
1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. xxx. f. lxxvj Yf it soo be that in his hede be founde ony defaute, hit wylle seme..that hyt is y long vppon his counceyl.
β. 1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 51 Ȝif..any of the brotherhede falle in pouerte..so it be nat on hym-selue along..he schal haue in þe wyke xiiij d.a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Corpus Cambr. 61) (1894) ii. l. 1001 On me is nought alonge [c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 along] thyn yuel fare.1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. viii. sig. Bij Of this whome it is a longe, or causeth.1680 Catholick Gamesters (single sheet) What a damn'd Journey have you made me take, Allong of you, and Mother-Churches sake, Been tost at Sea.1766 H. Brooke Fool of Quality II. x. 145 'Tis all along of you that I am thus haunted.1848 C. Dickens Dombey & Son l. 496 An't my heart been heavy and watchful always, along of him and you?1872 W. Black Strange Adventures Phaeton xxii. 312 That was all along of Bell.1889 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. (ed. 2) 10 It was along on a letter missin' 'at my mare got kill'd.1906 R. Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 252 A present from the Gentlemen, along o' being good!1929 J. Galsworthy Exiled ii. 78 There's a good few round 'ere wantin' your blood, along o' closin' pits.1963 N. Marsh Dead Water (1964) vii. 178 ‘The trouble I've had along of that lady's crankiness’, he confided, ‘you'd never credit.’2008 C. Hannan Missy x. 252 It was along of the din you were making that I came to see if he was hurting you.γ. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 10282 Þat I haue no childe hidur tille hit is al longe [c1460 Laud alle long] on goddes wille.?1577 F. T. Debate Pride & Lowlines sig. Ev The villain sayth it is all long of me.1606 Returne from Pernassus Prol. sig. A2 It's all long on you.1749 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 24 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1443 I have told the French Minister, as how, that if that affair be not soon concluded, your Lordship would think it all long of him.1787 F. Grose Provinc. Gloss. Awlung,..because it was awlung with you.1836 R. Wilbraham Attempt Gloss. Cheshire (ed. 2) 14 All along..when abbreviated, aw long, wholly owing to, aw long of such a one I could not do what I intended.1877 E. Peacock Gloss. Words Manley & Corringham, Lincs. at Long on It was all long on her that I lost my place.1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words 54 It's all long o' he, that they done it.1920 G. MacDonald North Door xix. 149 He be all of a cold sweat! an' p'raps 'tes but a quam, all 'long o' your masterful jawin'!δ. a1425 Rule St. Benet (Lansd.) (1902) 17 (MED) Yef it fallis yu ani time, On waim þe for-getilnes es on-long, sal man take amendis for þat faute in þe kirke.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

alongadj.2prep.adv.

Brit. /əˈlɒŋ/, U.S. /əˈlɔŋ/, /əˈlɑŋ/
Forms:

α. Old English andlangc (rare), Old English ondlond (rare), Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) ondlang, Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) ondlong, Old English (rare) Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) andland, Old English (Middle English in copy of Old English charter) andlang, Old English (rare) Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) andlong, Old English (rare) Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) anglang, late Old English andlangan, early Middle English andelong, Middle English andelang' (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) andlan, Middle English andlange (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English andlans (in copy of Old English charter, transmission error), Middle English andlonge.

β. Old English (early Middle English in copy of Old English charter) onlong, Old English (Middle English in copy of Old English charter) anlang, Old English (rare) Middle English (in copy of Old English charter) onlang, late Old English onlon (before g), early Middle English anlong, early Middle English an-long, early Middle English an long, early Middle English on-longen, Middle English anland (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English an lang (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English anlange (in copy of Old English charter), Middle English on lang, Middle English on lange, Middle English on-long, Middle English on long, Middle English on longe.

γ. Old English ollonc (in transcript of lost MS), Old English ollunc (rare), Old English ollung (rare), Middle English alang, Middle English a-lang, Middle English alange, Middle English a-long, Middle English a-longe, Middle English olang, Middle English o lange, Middle English olong, Middle English–1500s allonge, Middle English–1500s a long, Middle English–1600s a longe, Middle English–1600s alonge, Middle English– along, 1600s allong; English regional 1700s alunk (Lancashire), 1700s e-long (Devon), 1800s– alang, 1800s– alung, 1800s– ulaung (Somerset); also Scottish pre-1700 1700s– alang; also Irish English 1900s– alang.

δ. (in senses of the adjective) Middle English alle lange, Middle English alle longe, Middle English al longe.

ε. Middle English alenge, Middle English on lenght.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymons: and- prefix, long adj.1
Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ondling , ondlenge , alenga , allenga , alinga , etc. (preposition) along, Old Saxon andlang (adjective) (of time, duration) long, lasting (compare Middle Low German enlanc , entlanc (adverb) along, lengthways, (preposition) along: see note) < the Germanic base of and- prefix + either (i) the Germanic base of long adj.1 or (ii) the Germanic base discussed at along adj.1 Compare endlong prep., endlong adv., alongst prep.Development of uses as adverb and preposition. In use as adverb probably originally representing the accusative neuter of the adjective used adverbially, although the adjective is attested in Old English only with reference to time, while the adverb and preposition in earliest use only refer to spatial relations. For comparable use of formations of -long suffix as adjective and adverb in Old English compare ēastlang (adjective) lying in an easterly direction, extending eastwards, (adverb) to the east, in an easterly direction, westlang (adjective) lying in a westerly direction, extending westwards, (adverb) to the west, in a westerly direction (see -long suffix). In use as preposition probably originally representing adverbial use of the adjective with a complement in the genitive. In Old English the preposition usually takes the genitive, but also occurs with dative and accusative. Form history. Already in Old English the prefix and- , ond- sometimes appears in a reduced form in the preposition and adverb, such as an- , on- (see β. forms and discussion at and- prefix) or even (with assimilation) as ol- (compare ollung , etc. at γ. forms). Early phonological reduction of the first syllable (compare discussion at a- prefix1) may have rendered the formation opaque and encouraged reanalysis of the first element. The origin of final -an in the late Old English form andlangan (preposition) is unclear; it may show analogy with other prepositions and adverbs ending in -an . (The early Middle English form on-longen (from the Caligula manuscript of Laȝamon's Brut) may share the same origin, but is perhaps more likely simply to show nunation, a very common feature of the language of this manuscript, which has not been satisfactorily explained.) The ε. forms apparently show remodelling of the second syllable after words which show i-mutation of the base of long adj.1, as e.g. leng adv., length n.; similar forms are also shown by endlong prep., adv., and adj. and alongst prep. and adv. (compare δ. forms at that entry). For subsequent developments see 'long adv.2, 'long prep. Reanalysis of the first element. In the case of the adjective, the first element seems to have been reanalysed as all adv. or all adj. (followed by unprefixed long adj.1); forms such as alle longe (see e.g. quots. c12751, c12752 at sense A. and δ. forms) apparently indicate reanalysis and remodelling early in Middle English, leading to eventual replacement with other constructions with all adj., such as all day long , etc. Similar developments perhaps partly underlie the tendency to strengthen prepositional and adverbial use with all adv. (compare all along adv.). Compare also the later construction all long at 'long prep. (see quots. 1560, 1784 at that entry). Compare also the following quotations which may show a parallel reanalysis of forms of the adjective as a adj. + long adj.1:a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 19 He defowlid hem both..that all a long moneth after men myght see how strongly the Kyng had holdyn hem by the throtes.c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 90v Holde him þere stidefastly a long hour or more. With regard to the preposition and adverb, the occasional occurrence throughout the Middle English period of forms in on- (see β. forms) suggests that the first element may have been reanalysed as on prep. or on- prefix (compare a prep.1, a- prefix3). From late Old English onwards, the first element also shows variants such as endlang , with apparent alteration of the first element after end n. For discussion of these forms and their probable merger with the reflex of a Scandinavian loan see endlong prep., adv., and adj. In Old English and early Middle English texts, the prefix is often written as the Tironian note (see and conj.1, adv., and n.1); to some extent the forms listed in the Forms section reflect editorial decisions to expand this to either and- or ond- . Development of particular senses. With sense C. 2c compare Middle French au long at great length, for a long time (13th cent. in Old French). With sense C. 3 perhaps compare Middle French, French au loin from afar, at a distance (late 14th cent. or earlier; also in Middle French as au loing , au long ); compare along v.2, aloyn v. Forms in other Germanic languages. It is unclear whether Middle Low German enlanc , entlanc shows a continuation of the Old Saxon word in and- (Middle Low German ent- : see and- prefix) or a distinct formation in in- (also Middle Low German en- : see in- prefix2), since the two prefixes converged in form in Middle Low German and in Old and Middle High German: compare forms in those languages and see discussion at and- prefix. German entlang shows an 18th-cent. borrowing from Low German.
†A. adj.2 (attributive).
Modifying a period of time, used to denote that something continues for the full extent of the period concerned: throughout the whole length of; for the entirety of. Obsolete.Only in expressions such as along day, along night, etc. These have been replaced in later use by all day long, all night long, etc.; cf. long adv.1 3. (See discussion in etymology.)
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > duration > [adjective] > while something lasts or during
alongOE
whole-time1837
OE Guthlac B 1287 Wuldres scima, æþele ymb æþelne, ondlonge niht scan scirwered.
OE Andreas (1932) 818 Þus Andreas ondlangne dæg herede hleoðorcwidum haliges lare.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 13975 Arður lai alle longe niht and spac wið þene ȝeonge cniht.
c1275 (?c1250) Owl & Nightingale (Calig.) (1935) l. 331 (MED) Ac þu singest alle longe niȝt.
a1325 St. Brendan (Corpus Cambr.) l. 597 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 200 Oure maister us haþ itormented grislich allonge niȝt [c1300 Harl. allonge niȝt, c1300 Laud al þis nyȝt, a1350 Ashm. al longe nyȝt].
a1325 St. Thomas Becket (Corpus Cambr.) l. 403 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill S. Eng. Legendary (1956) 623 Misdo hi wolde allonge day [c1300 Harl. al longe day; c1300 Laud al day].
a1350 St. Brendan (Ashm.) l. 362 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1874) 53 27 (MED) A gode friday allonge day [c1300 Laud al þe longue day, a1325 Corpus Cambr. alday] vorte an ester eue.
a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) l. 1057 (MED) Wiþ alle listes of loue, Alle longe ȝeres priueli vnperceyued þei pleyed togedere.
c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 476 Dreȝly alle alonge day þat dorst neuer lyȝt.
B. prep. In many senses, frequently strengthened with all; cf. all adv. 6a (for idiomatic uses, see all along adv.).
1.
a. In a continuous line for the length of; in a more or less horizontal line from end to end of; through or over the length of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > [preposition] > throughout (of spatial extension)
alongeOE
throughoutc1275
abroadc1425
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > along the surface of [preposition]
overeOE
alongeOE
afterOE
the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition] > along or by the side of
alongeOE
alongstc1180
besidesc1200
besidec1275
aboard1449
longs1488
sidelong1577
aside?1615
alongside1704
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [preposition] > from end to end of
alongeOE
eOE Bounds (Sawyer 495) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 541 Þonne gæð sio mearc forð andlang bliðan west oð ðæt seo lacu utscyt on bliðan wið ufan stan bricgge.
OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Lev. (Claud.) i. 15 Læte yrnan þæt blod nyðer andlang þæs weofodes [L. decurrere faciet sanguinem super crepidinem altaris].
lOE Laws: Ælfred & Guthrum's Peace (Corpus Cambr.) i. 126 Ærest ymb ure landgemæra: up on Temese, & ðonne up on Ligan, & andlang Ligan oð hire æwylm.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 9818 Þas swiken þer heo sæten on-longen [c1300 Otho in langes] þere streten.
c1330 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Auch.) (1973) l. 7484 Þai..made a renge Of hem alle þe launde alenge.
c1425 Edward, Duke of York Master of Game (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 80 (MED) Al alonge [Fr. au long des] þe bemes þer ben smale vales þat men clepyn goters.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccccxxxixv/2 He swette blood allonge his body.
1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles II. cvii. f. cxxi They passed the mountayns of Rouseaulx, & all alonge the countrey of Bastelles, and so entred in to Bierne.
1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in Trans. & Coll. Amer. Antiquarian Soc. (1860) 4 10 A shoelle and moost daungerouse coaste above 150 leagues lying all alonge thys her majesty's domynyone allready dyscoverdde.
1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus Geogr. Hist. Afr. i. 54 The cloth whereof is dispersed along the coast of Africa.
1627 J. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 7 Carlings..lieth along the ship from beame to beame.
1726 J. Thomson Winter 8 The whirling Tempest raves along the Plain.
1808 W. Scott Marmion i. v. 26 Along the bridge Lord Marmion rode.
1889 Harper's Mag. July 203/2 The trees..form an undulating curtain along the horizon.
1927 A. C. Parker Indian How Bk. (1931) iv. xlvii. 215 Deer were sometimes lured by jack lights placed along the shore.
1945 E. Bowen in New Writing & Daylight 6 26 Now a big dog..ran past him and all along the seats.
2006 Granta Summer 173 On a clear day white peaks are visible along the whole alpine arc.
b. From the beginning to the end of; throughout the course of. Now rare.With all alonge the daye in quot. 1509 compare constructions in quots. a1350, c1400 at sense A.
ΚΠ
1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant Shyppe of Fooles (de Worde) lxxxvii. sig. U.iii They lese the tyme in claterynge all alonge the daye.
1694 G. Dawson Origo Legum v. vii. 34 All along the second Century, from one end of it to another.
a1716 R. South Serm. Several Occasions (1744) IX. 203 A good life is all along the Gospel required by Christ.
a1732 T. Boston View Covenant Grace (1734) iv. 287 All along the Time of the Jewish Church, from Moses to the End of that Dispensation.
1827 J. Keble Christian Year I. iii. 11 Sprinkled along the waste of years.
1880 J. Reid Christ & his Relig. xii. 268 The law may seem like a hymn of the angels, chanted along the days of life.
1908 College Folio (Flora Stone Mather Coll.) Jan. 116 All along the story a tone is apparently sanctioned which may easily be interpreted as immoral.
1996 M. Durán in G. Maiorino Picaresque viii. 231 All along the sixteenth century tension grows between two approaches to the plastic arts.
2. In a direction which follows the length, or any part of the length of.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [preposition] > along
alongeOE
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 887 Her for se here up þurh þa brycge æt Paris & þa up andlang Sigene oþ Mæterne oþ Cariei.
eOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Parker) anno 910 Þa scipu foran be suðan east andlang sæ togenes him.
OE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1010 Þa gehorsedan men..syþþan eft hrædlice wendon westweard..& þonen to Buccingahamscire, & swa andlang Usan oð hi comon to Bedanforda.
a1500 (a1450) Generides (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4983 A long the Citee Darell rode by and by.
1517 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1928) xx. 93 They sayled Alonge the hauen.
1575 T. Newton Summarie Saracens & Turkes in tr. C. A. Curione Notable Hist. Saracens f. 122 The Saracens..coasted alonge the Adrian Sea.
1611 Bible (King James) 1 Sam. vi. 12 The kine..went along the high way, lowing as they went. View more context for this quotation
1624 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso Godfrey of Bulloigne (new ed.) i. lxxviii. 16 The armed ships, coasting along the shore.
1709 J. Swift Baucis & Philemon 6 The Groaning Chair began to crawl, Like a huge Snail, along the Wall.
1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 187. ⁋9 Stealing slow and heavy laden along the coast.
1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages I. iii. 389 Before..the first lances of France gleam along the defiles of the Alps.
1844 R. Hoyt Chaunt of Life I. 14 'Tis winter, yet there is no sound Along the air, Of winds upon their battle ground.
1870 Ld. Tennyson Golden Supper in Holy Grail 178 We roam'd along the dreary coast.
1913 E. Glyn Guinevere's Lover viii. 77 Oh! it gave me so much pleasure to wander along the paths with Sir Hugh.
1947 J. Kerouac Let. 13 Sept. in Sel. Lett. 1940–56 (1995) 127 Naturally I'm off my nut, especially as I do all these things by myself, wandering along the foggy Embarcadero.
2000 Sunday Herald (Glasgow) 23 Jan. (Seven Days section) 4/4 A..barefoot band of kilted fans marched along Argyle street in torrential rain.
3. In or into a position parallel to the length of; alongside the length of; (also) so as to be parallel to. More generally: next to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > parallel to [preposition]
alongeOE
alongstc1180
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > along longitudinal dimension of
aftereOE
alongeOE
alongstOE
afterlongc1390
longs1488
longways1561
longst1591
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 10 Ondlong þæs Re[a]dan Sæs, þæs dæles þe þær norþ scyt, ligeð þæt land Arabia & Sabei & Eudomane.
OE tr. Orosius Hist. (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 18 Be westan Achie, andlang þæs Wendelsæs is Dalmatia þæt land on norðhealfe þæs sæs.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 71 Muche lond he him ȝef..an-long þare sea.
1538–9 Act Common Councel in H. Calthrop Rep. Cases London (1670) 177 That strong Grates of Iron along the said Water-side..be made by the Inhabitants of every Ward.
1543 ( Chron. J. Hardyng (1812) 424 Which countrey of Fyfe along the Scottish sea..Is xliiii myles longe.
1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. i. 25 The Riuiera of Genoa, along the Mediterrean sea.
1697 London Gaz. mmmcccxviii/3 The biggest, a Ship of 60 or 64 Guns, came along our side.
1794 I. Leatham Gen. View Agric. E. Riding Yorks. 11 Along the side of the Ouse and Humber we find a considerable quantity of warp land.
1847 C. Staley Gillespie's Man. Princ. & Pract. Road-making 289 In 1811 a toothed rack was laid along the road.
1877 W. Lytteil Landmarks Sc. Life & Lang. iii. iii. 110 Along the line of which there are still several out-standing pikes or spink-rocks.
1908 Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1905 47 There is a great orchard region along the western slope of the Rocky Mountains.
2002 R. Cauldwell Wiring House xi. 198 These use 16-in. to 24-in. bars to span joists, allowing the box to slide anywhere along the bar.
C. adv.
1.
a. Originally: in a continuous line, onwards. Later also: (esp. qualifying a verb of motion) in a direction continuing forwards; progressively onwards; following the line of something (often in weakened sense, indicating little more than continuous action). Frequently preceding a prepositional phrase; cf. senses B. 1a, B. 2.Some more specialized uses involving this sense are treated as phrasal verbs, and recorded at the main verb, as to fool along at fool v. Phrasal verbs 1, to get along at get v. Phrasal verbs 1, to move along at move v. Phrasal verbs, to muddle along at muddle v. 8a, etc.In early use only in Anglo-Saxon charter bounds (with reference to the course of the boundary) where the notion of walking or riding the bounds is probably implicit, and hence passing imperceptibly from an original indication of continuity of the line of the boundary into an indication of direction in following this line.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > progressive motion > [adverb]
alonga1393
'long1663
locomotively1729
translationally1893
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 352) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 169 Upp andlang beaddinge broces on beadding bricge & þanon upp andlang on halgan wylle.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 283) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1885) I. 515 Ut on þa rode, þæt up andlang norð be eastan hyblea on ðone ealdan herpað.
lOE Bounds (Sawyer 142) in D. Hooke Worcs. Anglo-Saxon Charter-bounds (1990) 72 Of secges mere in þes pulles heafod, andlong to þornbrycge [L. sic in longum usque ad thornbrycge].
c1250 ( Bounds (Sawyer 492) in W. de G. Birch Cartularium Saxonicum (1887) II. 522 Þonne east andlang be þam yrþlande oþ hit cymþ to þam wic herpaþe.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iv. l. 1308 Thei comen ryde Along under the wodes syde.
a1425 (?a1300) Kyng Alisaunder (Linc. Inn) (1952) 3389 Alle weore dryuen aþrang, Ten myle þey ȝeode alang [c1400 Laud alenge, rhyme arenge].
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1329 In that gardyn gan I goo Pleyyng a longe full meryly.
1528 W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. cxljv Thou must therfore goo alonge by the scripture as by a lyne, vntyll thou come at Christ, which is the wayes ende and restynge place.
1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie i. x. 12 b Having doubled the cape, we passed along.
1611 Bible (King James) Num. xx. 17 We will not turne into the fields..but we will goe along by the kings high way. View more context for this quotation
a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iv. ii. 33 Speake the word along . View more context for this quotation
1664 S. Butler Hudibras: Second Pt. ii. iii. 159 No Porter's Burthen past along, But serv'd for Burthen to his Song.
1766 J. Fordyce Serm. Young Women II. vii. 36 The shallow stream runs babbling along.
1820 J. Keats Isabella in Lamia & Other Poems 61 As he to the court-yard pass'd along.
1852 W. H. Sleeman Diary Tour through Oude I. ii. 97 The Toolseepoor estate extends along from east to west for about one hundred miles, in a belt of from nine to twelve miles wide, upon the southern border of..the Oude Tarae forest.
1885 Cent. Mag. Nov. 60/2 He jogged along on his bald-faced bay in the bleak untempered light.
1907 L. Dane in S. Vohra N. Frontier India (1993) iv. 55 Thence the boundary runs along to the Kun-Lun.
1919 ‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 11 Oct. (1993) III. 17 I sauntered along—gripping Mother's walking stick.
1952 E. L. Leeming Road Engin. (ed. 3) iii. 32 No driver enjoys riding along on the side-slope of a well-cambered road.
2008 J. Charyn Johnny One-eye xxxiii. 219 Brown bears..lumbered along in all their bulk.
b. With main verb implied. Frequently in let's (or let us) along: let's be on our way; let's go. Now archaic and rare.
ΚΠ
a1596 Sir Thomas More (1911) i. i. 5 Wil. My maisters..lets..sweare true secrecie vppon our liues. Geo. There spake an Angell. Come, let vs along, then.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) i. i. 279 Sicin. Let's hence, and heare How the dispatch is made... Bru. Let's along . View more context for this quotation
a1625 J. Fletcher Rule a Wife (1640) iv. 49 And you were a thousand shames you shall along with me, At home I am sure you'le prove a million.
1768 J. Smith Art of Living in London 2 Come then, advent'rous pupil, let's along.
1854 H. D. Thoreau Walden 241 Come, let's along.
1905 A. D. Fox Sir Thomas More iii. iii. 58 The saints be with him. Shall we along? Fellow, take you your reckoning out of this.
2007 V. Grove Rhiannon 292 Some of their lady cousins have arrived today from Francia for the party. Let's along then, as the boys await!
c. At a specified position in a sequence of individual units, expressed in relation to a given location in the sequence. Frequently with a number or next. Also with from.
ΚΠ
1948 M. F. Gilbert He didn't mind Danger ix. 124 The bloke who kept a shop two along from where I lived.
1960 D. Lytton Goddam White Man (1962) i. 21 Two along was a brothel.
1984 J. Bowen McGuffin 7 The house, six along from the end [of the terrace], must be either Number 12 or Number 36.
2012 Independent (Nexis) 9 Jan. 20 Ameen has the WBA's supervisor on his right, the DC commissioner next to him and the IBF's man next along.
2.
†a. Lengthways, longitudinally. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in longitudinal direction
alongc1300
endlongc1300
afterlong?a1425
endlonges1473
alength?1523
longways1525
longwise1548
alongst1562
longstways1566
longstwise1566
lengthwisec1580
longst1581
lengthways1599
longitudinally1695
plankwise1815
axially1855
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) l. 2822 (MED) Him to binden..Vpon an asse..Andelong, nouht ouerþwert.
?a1425 (?c1350) Northern Passion (Rawl.) l. 2743 (MED) Þare olang [a1425 Harl. on lang] þai layd it [sc. the Cross] doune.
c1475 Bk. Marchalsi (Trin. Cambr.) f. 60 (MED) & attame that veyne alonge & not oueretwarte.
?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Hij He ought to open it alonge and ouerthwart, this way and that.
b. Drawn or stretched out lengthwise; at full stretch; to or at full length. In later use frequently strengthened with all. Now chiefly in to lie along at lie v.1 Phrasal verbs.Often constituting the second element in phrasal verbs, as to draw along at draw v. Phrasal verbs 1, to lay along at lay v.1 Phrasal verbs, etc.In quot. OE andlang in the phrase on andlang ‘at full length’, should perhaps be interpreted as showing a use of the adjective as noun.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adverb] > at full length
alongc1300
OE Metrical Charm: For Unfruitful Land (Calig. A.vii) 39 Wende þe þonne iii sunganges, astrece þonne on andlang and arim þær letanias.]
c1300 St. Francis (Laud) l. 382 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 64 (MED) Þe Armes weren a-long i-sprad ase huy weren on þe rode, And þe fet i-streitht a-long.
1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) xxviii. 50 He began to drawe it oute a long with his teeth.
1565 T. Cooper Thesaurus at Abijcio He..cast him self downe a long in the grasse.
1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 441 He that foots it best may be sometimes found all along, and the neatest person may sometimes slip into a slough.
1671 J. Dryden Evening's Love v. 83 A huge Giant seiz'd my Torch, and fell'd me along.
1700 Faithful Acct. Cruelties done to Protestants 7 He was on the 2d of February stretched all along, and bound fast with Cords to two cross pieces of Timber.
1888 F. T. Elworthy W. Somerset Word-bk. at All along Aay eech mee veot un vaald [= fell] aul ulaung.
†c. figurative. In full; at length. Also strengthened with all. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full > without contraction
along1461
1461 J. Russe in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) II. 246 I enformyd hem the matere along.
1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. xiii. sig. c. 8v We shal declare a litil our matere a longe.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Paris & Vienne (1957) 47 And redde it al allonge.
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) iv. iv. sig. r.v v And this mater declareth ryght a longe saynt Bernardyn.
1588 H. Oldcastle & J. Mellis Briefe Instr. Accompts sig. Evijv You shal make the marchandise or goods Debitor, and the expences Creditor, with all the particular parcels, along.
†3. To or at a distance; afar. Obsolete. rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [adverb] > at or to a distance
ferrenc888
farc900
longOE
afarc1300
yond13..
on length1340
alonga1382
adreigha1393
on dreicha1400
afar offc1400
far-aboutc1450
alengtha1500
distantlya1500
remote1589
remotely1609
yferrea1643
out of his (her, its, etc.) way1650
adistance1807
away1818
way1833
way1833
way off1836
way out1840
a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms ix. 22 Wherto lord wentist þou awei along [a1425 L.V. fer awei]?
1580 T. Tusser Fiue Hundred Pointes Good Husbandrie (new ed.) f. 21v Exceptions take, of the champion land, from lieng alonge, from that at thy hand.
4. Alongside or parallel to the length of something; in a position following the line of something. Later more generally: next to something. Now only with by (formerly also †on, †upon).
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in longitudinal direction > along the length of something
whereby1297
along?a1425
wherealong1768
?a1425 (c1400) Mandeville's Trav. (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 28 (MED) The contree [sc. Egypt] is sett along vpon the ryuere of Nyle.
1459 Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall No. A. 83. m. 3d (MED) Which wall..along by þe said tenement of..Thomas Walsyngham [etc.].
c1475 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Taylor) in J. Robson Three Early Eng. Metrical Romances (1842) 18 (MED) Thay sette listes on lenthe olong on the lawnde.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars 61 The gardyns that was made a longe by the walles of the citte.
1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb Present State Cape Good-Hope I. 65 The Nation of the Chirigriquas is next, running along by the Bay of St. Hellens.
1849 G. P. R. James Woodman I. xiii. 295 A small path, which ran along by the side of the water.
1896 Harvard Monthly Dec. 102 I went an' sat along by the rail, in the stern.
1913 C. B. Lyman Fallen Leaves 54 Tis only a sad little rosebud, The last one of summer, it grew, Along by the path.
a1993 W. Golding Double Tongue (1995) 132 But those buildings, which I in my childhood had taken as the dwellings of the gods, were warehouses built along by the water!
5. To or at an implied or specified place; from one place to another. Frequently in to be along: to come to a place; to arrive.Recorded earliest in to come along at come v. Phrasal verbs 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)]
to come toOE
comeOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
overtakec1225
redea1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to get through1589
reach1591
to be along1597
land1679
engage1686
to get in1863
to breeze in1930
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive
comeOE
to come to townOE
yworthOE
lend11..
lightc1225
to come anovenonc1275
wina1300
'rivec1300
repaira1325
applyc1384
to come ina1399
rede?a1400
arrivec1400
attainc1400
alightc1405
to come to handc1450
unto-comec1450
apport1578
to be along1597
to drop in1609
to come ona1635
to walk in1656
land1679
engage1686
to come along1734
to get in1863
to turn up1870
to fall in1900
to lob1916
to roll up1920
to breeze in1930
to rock up1975
1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 67v And in precession as they came along, with Himeneus sang thy marriage song.
1768 R. Smith Universal Directory Rats 145 If you perceive the mole has been along, then set a trap.
1831 M. Holley Texas (1833) 21 The captain..sent word that he would be along for us about sun-set.
1848 G. F. Ruxton Life in Far West in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. June 715/1 Old Captain Stewart..comes along next spring, and a Dutch doctor chap was along too.
1892 ‘M. Twain’ Amer. Claimant xvi. 162 They'll be along as soon as it's done.
1919 G. B. Shaw Annajanska 255 Send the girl along... Oh, you've sent her already.
1951 ‘J. Wyndham’ Day of Triffids i Any time now they'd be along with pneumatic drills.
1958 J. Betjeman Coll. Poems 231 Up I rose and went along To that old village alehouse.
1999 C. Grimshaw Provocation xvi. 257 Stuart explained that May was carsick and that they'd be along in a minute.
6. Together; in company with the speaker, or with the party referred to as the subject of the clause; in company together; as a companion. Also: on one's person; as an accompanying item. Apparently now unusual with to be.Frequently with admixture of sense C. 5.Also in specialized uses, as to play along at play v. Phrasal verbs 1, to rub along at rub v.1 Phrasal verbs, to sing along at sing v.1 1e, etc. (cf. also ride-along n., sing-along n., etc.). [Perhaps originating as an elliptical use of along with at Phrases 1.]
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adverb]
yferea1200
i-menec1200
in ferec1275
in commona1382
alongst with1582
along1600
in harness1873
in tow (with)1907
in tandem1930
(to be) in on the act1951
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [adverb]
commonlyc1330
in companya1393
in handa1400
in suit withc1440
along1600
in consort1611
socially1621
in the swim with1885
in tow (with)1907
1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream i. i. 123 Demetrius and Egeus goe along: I must employ you in some businesse. View more context for this quotation
1668 S. Pepys Diary 5 Nov. (1976) IX. 349 We did all along conclude upon answers.
1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux Lutrin ii. 182 The Knave had wit in's Anger, And wisely took along his rusty Hanger.
1815 Niles' Weekly Reg. 12 Aug. 420/2 It may be found necessary..to take along also a few American riflemen.
1882 W. D. Howells Lady of Aroostook 137 ‘Our Captain's wife..was not along,’ said Lydia. ‘Not along?’ repeated Mrs. Erwin..‘Who were the other passengers?’
1888 T. Roosevelt in Cent. Mag. Apr. 856/1 The last spring I was out, there were half a dozen wagons along.
1938 Amer. Home Jan. 22/2 A friend..persuades you to visit an antique shop with her. You go along, a bit amused at her absurd enthusiasm.
1970 R. Thorp & R. Blake Music of their Laughter 80/2 A friend of mine..dragged me along.
2003 Time Out N.Y. 28 Aug. 42/1 Bring along a playlist of NYC-inspired tunes to spice up the..trip.
7.
a. U.S. With reference to the progress of time: further on; some way on. Also with reference to a person: growing older; becoming (comparatively) old. Often preceding a prepositional phrase.
ΚΠ
1848 G. C. Furber Twelve Months Volunteer iv. 125 The others [sc. horsemen] came up from time to time along in the day, each one with a deer, or part of one.
1883 ‘M. Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxviii. 298 Far along in the day, we saw one steamboat.
1897 ‘M. Twain’ Following Equator xxi. 290 He was along toward fifty.
1902 N.Y. Tribune 26 Apr. 82 The afternoon was well along by this time.
1967 S. D. Delaney Einstein Intersection 62 Morning had gotten far enough along to rouge the sky behind him.
1974 Billboard 23 Nov. 63/2 I am planning to record..a lot of the old musicians of the so-called Chicago school of jazz who are coming along in years.
2002 S. Coonts Saucer xvi. 178 It was getting along toward five o'clock and the bids for the sixth round had yet to be filled out.
b. North American (originally U.S.). Preceding a prepositional phrase: around or near the specified time, amount, place, etc.; approximately. Frequently in along about: around about.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > closeness to accuracy > [adverb]
much1560
nearly1594
muchwhat1619
nigh about1632
closely1682
roughly1768
close1833
approximatively1835
proximately1839
in the rough1841
approximately1845
along1852
nearbouta1857
in a sort of (sorta) way1868
in the (right) ballpark1945
grosso modo1952
1852 F. L. Olmsted Walks & Talks of Amer. Farmer in Eng. ii. 17 The wind hauled round ahead..so that along about sunset they found themselves coming well to windward of her [sc. an English frigate].
1859 Rep. Comm. House of Representatives (25th congr., 2nd sess.) III. No. 188. 400 I cannot be positive about it; but it was along in January, or perhaps, at the time of the Christmas holidays.
1870 ‘M. Twain’ More Distinction in Sketches New & Old (1872) 282 In the one case, you start out with a friend along about eleven o'clock.
1931 D. Runyon Guys & Dolls (1932) iii. 53 There are very seldom any customers in Good Time Charley's until along about five o'clock in the morning.
c1960 Wilson Coll. in Dict. Amer. Regional Eng. (1985) I. 51/1 Along in May I'm going to buy me a horse.
1987 J. Hersey Fling in Fling (1990) 41 Oh, I can see him cheerfully flipping up the drawing-room berth along about Elizabeth, New Jersey.
2009 K. Cain in W. L. Montell Tales from Kentucky Sheriffs (2011) i. 21 Along about that time, I began thinking there was something else I could give back to law enforcement.
c. Originally U.S. At a particular point in the course of a pregnancy (often a specified number of months).
ΚΠ
1853 Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 21 Sept. 163 Found her with labor pains, and saying she was going to be confined—that she was about six months along.
1869 Amer. Jrnl. Homœpathic Materia Medica May 243 When six months along in her first pregnancy, she was taken one day..with severe pains in her stomach.
1934 D. D. Bromley Birth Control xi. 143 Abortionists.., as a rule, avoid trouble by refusing to abort a patient who is more than two and a half months along.
1990 Weekly World News 29 May 5/5 I'd say she looks about four and a half months along... She has quite a tummy on her.
2002 P. Thomas What works, what Doesn't xxi. 283 If you are pregnant, make sure that you let your teacher know and also tell her how far along you are.
d. Originally U.S. With reference to a process, task, etc.: at a specified point of progression; towards the end (frequently modified, as by well).
ΚΠ
1861 Cultivator July 228/1 This grain, although it has sometimes been thicker on the ground, is well along for this time of month.
1875 A. I. Root Our Homes in Gleanings Bee Culture Dec. 8/2 We might roll up our trousers and splash through, and have the work a good way along by the time we reached the bridge.
1969 M. Angelou I know why Caged Bird Sings viii. 50 World War II was well along before there was a noticeable change in the economy.
1997 P. Bronson First $20 Million is Hardest 185 The venture capitalists began a flurry of questions..[including] how far along the team was in their software development.
2010 N. LaPorte Men Who would be King xv. 149 Spielberg expressed an interest in making the movie,..which was not very far along in development.

Phrases

P1. along with. Chiefly in predicative use.
a. Modifying a verb of motion: in company with; together with; onwards with; (also) carried on the person of.In this sense along was originally a simple adverb forming part of a phrasal verb, immediately preceding the preposition with in its position at the head of a complement (for a parallel formation involving along as a preposition, cf. quot. 1913 at sense B. 2). In later use along with tends towards phrasal status, in common with Phrases 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [preposition]
aboutOE
along with?1566
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > to the accompaniment of
anentOE
towardc1400
towards?1447
along with?1566
?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio Pasquine in Traunce f. 105v He came along with me, euen vnto Prima porta.
1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet i. i. 96 Come Capulet come you along with me. View more context for this quotation
a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle i. ii. sig. B6v in Five New Playes (1653) Together we will live: And Ile along with you in your owne course.
1699 J. Bouvet Hist. Cang-Hy 67 The Quinquina, of which the two Fathers..had brought a good Quantity along with them.
1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 494. ¶5 The Spies bringing along with them the Clusters of Grapes.
1796 P. Hoare Lock & Key 8 ‘Then I must lug you along with me,’ Says the saucy Arethusa.
1844 C. J. Lever Tom Burke II. i. 9 Tascher strolled along with me towards my quarters.
1873 Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. 15 106 The current carried along with it the finer particles of the river debris.
1945 N.Y. Times 2 Jan. 1/6 Red balls of fire which appear off our wing tips and fly along with us.
1966 Chicago Daily Defender 19 Apr. 6/4 The ‘Ride-Along’ provides for one student to ride along with a policemen in an assigned district for a full shift.
1998 S. Budiansky If Lion could Talk vi. 147 Other chickadees in hearing range usually respond by moving along with the caller.
b. As a prepositional phrase.
(a) Without implication of motion: together with; as well as; side by side with.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > together with
anentOE
together with1478
along with1711
along of1838
1600 P. Holland tr. Livy Rom. Hist. xxi. 411 Seeing now..the snowes, entermingled along with the skie.
1692 D. Lawson Brief & True Narr. Persons afflicted by Witchcraft at Salem 8 Let me be along with you.
1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 29. ¶11 This Inclination of the Audience to Sing along with the Actors.
1768 L. Sterne Sentimental Journey I. 86 I would rejoice along with them.
1839 Dublin Mag. Nov. 27/2 At road sessions, a certain number of cess-payers were permitted to sit along with the magistrates.
1859 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem II. App. 97 A hunger for news of killed and wounded, along with shrimps, at breakfast.
1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest (ed. 2) IV. xvii. 64 Wiltshire had most likely submitted along with Hampshire and Berkshire.
1927 Amer. Mercury Feb. 172/1 Café au lait is forbidden, along with ice-cream.
2001 Times 29 Mar. 20/8 Jonathan Veitch, a veteran Unicef worker in Somalia, was released along with four other prisoners.
(b) With reference to an immaterial thing, as a quality, an idea, etc.: in conjunction with; in addition to.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > in conjunction with
along with1645
1645 H. Hammond Of Death-bed Repentance 18 All which being not only granted, but proposed as necessary considerations to be taken along with this doctrine.
1723 J. Harris Lex. Technicum (ed. 2) II. 279/2 Along with this the Mind sees that these Simple Ideas are severally different.
1817 J. Mill Hist. Brit. India II. v. iv. 467 Along with this he was mild and equitable.
1840 W. E. Gladstone Church Princ. 6 Recognising along with, though subordinately to, the Scriptures, the authorised interpretations of primitive Christian antiquity.
1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 1 I must ask all..to read what I shall say to-night, along with what I said on the 19th December last.
1928 G. Tantaquidgeon Manuscript Field Notes in W. S. Simmons Spirit New Eng. Tribes (1986) vi. 108 Along with the various capers of the witches we might consider that practice of ‘rooting’ or ‘laying roots’ for people.
1991 N.Y. Times Mag. 8 Dec. 50/1 Along with the theories came new academic programs.
P2. U.S. (chiefly regional). along back: at some time in the past; for a time in the past. Cf. back-along adv. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1851 N. Kingsley Diary 4 Jan. in Publ. Acad. Pacific Coast Hist. (1914) 3 399 Worked as usual today took out 50 ounces and 4 dollars which gains on our days along back.
1880 Harper's Mag. Dec. 85/1 She's had an easy time along back, but she's seen the last on't.
1894 M. E. W. Freeman Pembroke iii. 50 I've made up my mind that I've made a mistake along back.
1905 Dial. Notes 3 2 It's been quite wet along back.
1981 L. Robinson in G. Mitchell Celebration of Legacy And along back in them times, you'd be sick and the people in the community would visit you and help to see after you.
P3. along of: with, together with. See earlier 'long of at 'long adv.2 Phrases 1.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > together with
anentOE
together with1478
along with1711
along of1838
1838 ‘Lieut. Hatchway R.N.’ Greenwich Pensioners I. iii. 34 ‘Come on, no nonsense, Harry,’ said he, ‘come along of me.’
1873 Quiver 8 218/1 It's all very well to say you was a-doing of no harm; but you must just come along of me, and I'll lock you up in the cells till to-morrow.
1886 H. Baumann Londinismen 3/1 Being friendly along o' you..He sleeps along o' me.
1940 J. Cary Charley is my Darling xxx. 177 You come along a me, Ginger, and we'll get another cave.
1993 S. Marshall Nest of Magpies (1994) x. 72 She never waited for him, but went 'ome along of 'er neighbour.

Compounds

† along-board adv. Obsolete close to the side of another vessel; cf. alongside adv. 1.
ΘΚΠ
society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adverb] > close to side of ship
aboarda1393
along-board1548
alongside1704
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. xxjv The Regent crappeled with her a long boord.
1577 R. Holinshed Chron. II. 1476/1 He caused the Regent (in the whiche he was aboord) to make to the Carricke, & to craple with hir a long boorde.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

† alongv.1

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix4, long v.1
Etymology: Apparently < a- prefix4 + long v.1, after alonged adj. Compare also forlong v.1An otherwise unattested Old English verb *alangian (impersonal) to affect with longing ( < a- prefix1 + long v.1; compare Middle High German erlangen ) was formerly thought to be shown by the following example (see C. W. M. Grein in Germania 10 (1865) 421; accepted by N.E.D. (1884)):OE Soul & Body I 152 Me a langaþ, leofost manna, on minum hige hearde, þæs þe ic þe on þyssum hynðum wat wyrmum to wiste.However, although this passage is textually and metrically problematic, it is now generally agreed that it shows ā langaþ , i.e. o adv. followed by long v.1
Obsolete. rare.
intransitive. To have a yearning desire to do something. Cf. long v.1 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb]
yearneOE
me (etc.) longs (also longeth)eOE
longOE
yearnOE
alonga1393
the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb (intransitive)]
thirstc893
forlongc1175
longc1225
alonga1393
greena1400
suspirec1450
earnc1460
to think long?1461
sigh1549
groanc1560
hank1589
twitter1616
linger1630
hanker1642
to hang a nose1655
hangc1672
yammer1705
yen1919
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) v. l. 3282 This worthi Jason, sore alongeth To se the strange regiouns.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online September 2018).

† alongv.2

Forms: 1500s alonge.
Origin: Perhaps formed within English, by conversion; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: along adv.
Etymology: Perhaps < along adv. (compare sense 3 at that entry), by association with Middle French eslongner, eslongnier, variant of aloignier aloyn v.
Obsolete. rare.
transitive. = aloyn v.
ΘΚΠ
the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > to a distance
fersec1000
remuec1300
aloyna1325
proloynec1425
prolong1440
purloin1461
along1502
1502 tr. Ordynarye of Crysten Men (de Worde) v. vii. sig. ss v The body gloryous may not alonge [Fr. 1485, 1492 eslongner, 1502 eslongnier] hym from the presence of god.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
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adj.1eOEadj.2prep.adv.eOEv.1a1393v.21502
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