释义 |
alongadj.1 Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with or formed similarly to Old Saxon gilang attainable, available, Old High German gilang related < the Germanic base of y- prefix + a Germanic base with the sense ‘inclined towards’ (probably < the same Indo-European base as Lithuanian lankas bow, hoop, Old Church Slavonic lǫkŭ bow (the weapon), and (with different ablaut grade) Old Russian ljašči to bend, Lithuanian lenkti to bend, incline, to go around, link, (as preposition) towards), probably influenced at an early date by the Germanic base of long adj.1). Compare Old English gelenge (also unprefixed lenge ) belonging, related (see beleng adj.). The β. forms show subsequent reduction of the prefix (compare a- prefix2). Compare also later long adj.2The γ. forms appear to show reanalysis of the first element of the β. forms as all adv. and the second as unprefixed long adj.2 For a similar development, compare δ. forms at along adj.2, prep., and adv. The construction all along in quot. 1766 at β. probably results from similar reanalysis; compare similar constructions at along prep. 1b, along adv. 2b. The δ. forms probably show hypercorrection of a β. -type form due to reanalysis of the prefix as a- prefix3 and substitution of unreduced on- prefix. In later use usually perceived as a special use of along prep. Now chiefly archaic and regional. the world > existence and causation > causation > cause or reason > [phrase] > because of α. eOE tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) iv. x. 105 Þæt wæs swiþost on ðæm gelong þæt Hasterbal swa late fleah for þon þe he elpendas mid him hæfde. OE (1932) 979 Þær is ar gelang fira gehwylcum, þam þe hie findan cann. OE 252 Me on heofonum sind lare gelonge. OE (Claud.) xlvii. 25 Hi andswaredon, & cwædon, ‘æt þe is ure lyf gelang [L. salus nostra in manu tua est].’ OE Homily: Sermo Bone Praedicatio (Otho B.x) in A. S. Napier (1883) 300 Gif hit þonne dead wurðe butan fulluhte, and hit on þam preoste gelang sy, þe hit fullian sceolde, þonne sceall he þolian his hades. a1250 in C. Brown (1932) 5 (MED) O ðe is al ilong mi lif & eke min heale. c1300 (Harl. 2277) (1845) l. 1642 The strif is on the ilong. c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 2711 (MED) No betere sped hii nadde nere þe worc no so strong; Þe king esste at enchantors war on it were ylong. c1380 (1879) l. 4291 (MED) Hit ys no þyng on hymen ylong þat y ne hadde y-lost Rolond. a1450 MS Bodl. 779 in (1889) 82 377 (MED) Þis foule tresoun is nouȝt Ilong on me. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) iv. xxx. f. lxxvj Yf it soo be that in his hede be founde ony defaute, hit wylle seme..that hyt is y long vppon his counceyl. β. 1389 in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt (1931) 51 Ȝif..any of the brotherhede falle in pouerte..so it be nat on hym-selue along..he schal haue in þe wyke xiiij d.a1425 (c1385) G. Chaucer (Corpus Cambr. 61) (1894) ii. l. 1001 On me is nought alonge [c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 along] thyn yuel fare.1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan i. viii. sig. Bij Of this whome it is a longe, or causeth.1680 (single sheet) What a damn'd Journey have you made me take, Allong of you, and Mother-Churches sake, Been tost at Sea.1766 H. Brooke II. x. 145 'Tis all along of you that I am thus haunted.1848 C. Dickens l. 496 An't my heart been heavy and watchful always, along of him and you?1872 W. Black xxii. 312 That was all along of Bell.1889 E. Peacock (ed. 2) 10 It was along on a letter missin' 'at my mare got kill'd.1906 R. Kipling 252 A present from the Gentlemen, along o' being good!1929 J. Galsworthy ii. 78 There's a good few round 'ere wantin' your blood, along o' closin' pits.1963 N. Marsh (1964) vii. 178 ‘The trouble I've had along of that lady's crankiness’, he confided, ‘you'd never credit.’2008 C. Hannan x. 252 It was along of the din you were making that I came to see if he was hurting you.γ. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 10282 Þat I haue no childe hidur tille hit is al longe [c1460 Laud alle long] on goddes wille.?1577 F. T. sig. Ev The villain sayth it is all long of me.1606 Prol. sig. A2 It's all long on you.1749 Ld. Chesterfield 24 Nov. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1443 I have told the French Minister, as how, that if that affair be not soon concluded, your Lordship would think it all long of him.1787 F. Grose Awlung,..because it was awlung with you.1836 R. Wilbraham (ed. 2) 14 All along..when abbreviated, aw long, wholly owing to, aw long of such a one I could not do what I intended.1877 E. Peacock at Long on It was all long on her that I lost my place.1883 W. H. Cope 54 It's all long o' he, that they done it.1920 G. MacDonald xix. 149 He be all of a cold sweat! an' p'raps 'tes but a quam, all 'long o' your masterful jawin'!δ. a1425 (Lansd.) (1902) 17 (MED) Yef it fallis yu ani time, On waim þe for-getilnes es on-long, sal man take amendis for þat faute in þe kirke.This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). alongadj.2prep.adv. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymons: and- prefix, long adj.1 Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian ondling , ondlenge , alenga , allenga , alinga , etc. (preposition) along, Old Saxon andlang (adjective) (of time, duration) long, lasting (compare Middle Low German enlanc , entlanc (adverb) along, lengthways, (preposition) along: see note) < the Germanic base of and- prefix + either (i) the Germanic base of long adj.1 or (ii) the Germanic base discussed at along adj.1 Compare endlong prep., endlong adv., alongst prep.Development of uses as adverb and preposition. In use as adverb probably originally representing the accusative neuter of the adjective used adverbially, although the adjective is attested in Old English only with reference to time, while the adverb and preposition in earliest use only refer to spatial relations. For comparable use of formations of -long suffix as adjective and adverb in Old English compare ēastlang (adjective) lying in an easterly direction, extending eastwards, (adverb) to the east, in an easterly direction, westlang (adjective) lying in a westerly direction, extending westwards, (adverb) to the west, in a westerly direction (see -long suffix). In use as preposition probably originally representing adverbial use of the adjective with a complement in the genitive. In Old English the preposition usually takes the genitive, but also occurs with dative and accusative. Form history. Already in Old English the prefix and- , ond- sometimes appears in a reduced form in the preposition and adverb, such as an- , on- (see β. forms and discussion at and- prefix) or even (with assimilation) as ol- (compare ollung , etc. at γ. forms). Early phonological reduction of the first syllable (compare discussion at a- prefix1) may have rendered the formation opaque and encouraged reanalysis of the first element. The origin of final -an in the late Old English form andlangan (preposition) is unclear; it may show analogy with other prepositions and adverbs ending in -an . (The early Middle English form on-longen (from the Caligula manuscript of Laȝamon's Brut) may share the same origin, but is perhaps more likely simply to show nunation, a very common feature of the language of this manuscript, which has not been satisfactorily explained.) The ε. forms apparently show remodelling of the second syllable after words which show i-mutation of the base of long adj.1, as e.g. leng adv., length n.; similar forms are also shown by endlong prep., adv., and adj. and alongst prep. and adv. (compare δ. forms at that entry). For subsequent developments see 'long adv.2, 'long prep. Reanalysis of the first element. In the case of the adjective, the first element seems to have been reanalysed as all adv. or all adj. (followed by unprefixed long adj.1); forms such as alle longe (see e.g. quots. c12751, c12752 at sense A. and δ. forms) apparently indicate reanalysis and remodelling early in Middle English, leading to eventual replacement with other constructions with all adj., such as all day long , etc. Similar developments perhaps partly underlie the tendency to strengthen prepositional and adverbial use with all adv. (compare all along adv.). Compare also the later construction all long at 'long prep. (see quots. 1560, 1784 at that entry). Compare also the following quotations which may show a parallel reanalysis of forms of the adjective as a adj. + long adj.1:a1475 J. Shirley Death James (BL Add. 5467) in Miscellanea Scotica (1818) II. 19 He defowlid hem both..that all a long moneth after men myght see how strongly the Kyng had holdyn hem by the throtes.c1475 ( Surg. Treat. in MS Wellcome 564 f. 90v Holde him þere stidefastly a long hour or more. With regard to the preposition and adverb, the occasional occurrence throughout the Middle English period of forms in on- (see β. forms) suggests that the first element may have been reanalysed as on prep. or on- prefix (compare a prep.1, a- prefix3). From late Old English onwards, the first element also shows variants such as endlang , with apparent alteration of the first element after end n. For discussion of these forms and their probable merger with the reflex of a Scandinavian loan see endlong prep., adv., and adj. In Old English and early Middle English texts, the prefix is often written as the Tironian note (see and conj.1, adv., and n.1); to some extent the forms listed in the Forms section reflect editorial decisions to expand this to either and- or ond- . Development of particular senses. With sense C. 2c compare Middle French au long at great length, for a long time (13th cent. in Old French). With sense C. 3 perhaps compare Middle French, French au loin from afar, at a distance (late 14th cent. or earlier; also in Middle French as au loing , au long ); compare along v.2, aloyn v. Forms in other Germanic languages. It is unclear whether Middle Low German enlanc , entlanc shows a continuation of the Old Saxon word in and- (Middle Low German ent- : see and- prefix) or a distinct formation in in- (also Middle Low German en- : see in- prefix2), since the two prefixes converged in form in Middle Low German and in Old and Middle High German: compare forms in those languages and see discussion at and- prefix. German entlang shows an 18th-cent. borrowing from Low German. †A. adj.2 ( attributive). the world > time > duration > [adjective] > while something lasts or during OE 1287 Wuldres scima, æþele ymb æþelne, ondlonge niht scan scirwered. OE (1932) 818 Þus Andreas ondlangne dæg herede hleoðorcwidum haliges lare. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 13975 Arður lai alle longe niht and spac wið þene ȝeonge cniht. c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) l. 331 (MED) Ac þu singest alle longe niȝt. a1325 St. Brendan (Corpus Cambr.) l. 597 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 200 Oure maister us haþ itormented grislich allonge niȝt [c1300 Harl. allonge niȝt, c1300 Laud al þis nyȝt, a1350 Ashm. al longe nyȝt]. a1325 St. Thomas Becket (Corpus Cambr.) l. 403 in C. D'Evelyn & A. J. Mill (1956) 623 Misdo hi wolde allonge day [c1300 Harl. al longe day; c1300 Laud al day]. a1350 St. Brendan (Ashm.) l. 362 in (1874) 53 27 (MED) A gode friday allonge day [c1300 Laud al þe longue day, a1325 Corpus Cambr. alday] vorte an ester eue. a1375 (c1350) (1867) l. 1057 (MED) Wiþ alle listes of loue, Alle longe ȝeres priueli vnperceyued þei pleyed togedere. c1400 (?c1380) (1920) l. 476 Dreȝly alle alonge day þat dorst neuer lyȝt. B. prep. In many senses, frequently strengthened with all; cf. all adv. 6a (for idiomatic uses, see all along adv.). 1. the world > space > extension in space > [preposition] > throughout (of spatial extension) the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > along the surface of [preposition] the world > space > relative position > quality of having sides or being a side > on the side of [preposition] > along or by the side of the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [preposition] > from end to end of eOE Bounds (Sawyer 495) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 541 Þonne gæð sio mearc forð andlang bliðan west oð ðæt seo lacu utscyt on bliðan wið ufan stan bricgge. OE (Claud.) i. 15 Læte yrnan þæt blod nyðer andlang þæs weofodes [L. decurrere faciet sanguinem super crepidinem altaris]. lOE (Corpus Cambr.) i. 126 Ærest ymb ure landgemæra: up on Temese, & ðonne up on Ligan, & andlang Ligan oð hire æwylm. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1978) l. 9818 Þas swiken þer heo sæten on-longen [c1300 Otho in langes] þere streten. c1330 (?a1300) (Auch.) (1973) l. 7484 Þai..made a renge Of hem alle þe launde alenge. c1425 Edward, Duke of York (Vesp. B.xii) (1904) 80 (MED) Al alonge [Fr. au long des] þe bemes þer ben smale vales þat men clepyn goters. 1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine f. ccccxxxixv/2 He swette blood allonge his body. 1525 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart II. cvii. f. cxxi They passed the mountayns of Rouseaulx, & all alonge the countrey of Bastelles, and so entred in to Bierne. 1585 R. Lane Let. 12 Aug. in (1860) 4 10 A shoelle and moost daungerouse coaste above 150 leagues lying all alonge thys her majesty's domynyone allready dyscoverdde. 1600 J. Pory tr. J. Leo Africanus i. 54 The cloth whereof is dispersed along the coast of Africa. 1627 J. Smith ii. 7 Carlings..lieth along the ship from beame to beame. 1726 J. Thomson 8 The whirling Tempest raves along the Plain. 1808 W. Scott i. v. 26 Along the bridge Lord Marmion rode. 1889 July 203/2 The trees..form an undulating curtain along the horizon. 1927 A. C. Parker (1931) iv. xlvii. 215 Deer were sometimes lured by jack lights placed along the shore. 1945 E. Bowen in 6 26 Now a big dog..ran past him and all along the seats. 2006 Summer 173 On a clear day white peaks are visible along the whole alpine arc. 1509 H. Watson tr. S. Brant (de Worde) lxxxvii. sig. U.iii They lese the tyme in claterynge all alonge the daye. 1694 G. Dawson v. vii. 34 All along the second Century, from one end of it to another. a1716 R. South (1744) IX. 203 A good life is all along the Gospel required by Christ. a1732 T. Boston (1734) iv. 287 All along the Time of the Jewish Church, from Moses to the End of that Dispensation. 1827 J. Keble I. iii. 11 Sprinkled along the waste of years. 1880 J. Reid xii. 268 The law may seem like a hymn of the angels, chanted along the days of life. 1908 (Flora Stone Mather Coll.) Jan. 116 All along the story a tone is apparently sanctioned which may easily be interpreted as immoral. 1996 M. Durán in G. Maiorino viii. 231 All along the sixteenth century tension grows between two approaches to the plastic arts. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > [preposition] > along eOE (Parker) anno 887 Her for se here up þurh þa brycge æt Paris & þa up andlang Sigene oþ Mæterne oþ Cariei. eOE (Parker) anno 910 Þa scipu foran be suðan east andlang sæ togenes him. OE (Tiber. B.iv) anno 1010 Þa gehorsedan men..syþþan eft hrædlice wendon westweard..& þonen to Buccingahamscire, & swa andlang Usan oð hi comon to Bedanforda. a1500 (a1450) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 4983 A long the Citee Darell rode by and by. 1517 S. Hawes (1928) xx. 93 They sayled Alonge the hauen. 1575 T. Newton Summarie Saracens & Turkes in tr. C. A. Curione f. 122 The Saracens..coasted alonge the Adrian Sea. 1611 1 Sam. vi. 12 The kine..went along the high way, lowing as they went. View more context for this quotation 1624 E. Fairfax tr. T. Tasso (new ed.) i. lxxviii. 16 The armed ships, coasting along the shore. 1709 J. Swift 6 The Groaning Chair began to crawl, Like a huge Snail, along the Wall. 1751 S. Johnson No. 187. ⁋9 Stealing slow and heavy laden along the coast. 1818 H. Hallam I. iii. 389 Before..the first lances of France gleam along the defiles of the Alps. 1844 R. Hoyt I. 14 'Tis winter, yet there is no sound Along the air, Of winds upon their battle ground. 1870 Ld. Tennyson Golden Supper in 178 We roam'd along the dreary coast. 1913 E. Glyn viii. 77 Oh! it gave me so much pleasure to wander along the paths with Sir Hugh. 1947 J. Kerouac Let. 13 Sept. in (1995) 127 Naturally I'm off my nut, especially as I do all these things by myself, wandering along the foggy Embarcadero. 2000 23 Jan. (Seven Days section) 4/4 A..barefoot band of kilted fans marched along Argyle street in torrential rain. the world > space > relative position > state or position of being parallel > parallel to [preposition] the world > space > direction > specific directions > [preposition] > along longitudinal dimension of eOE tr. Orosius (BL Add.) (1980) i. i. 10 Ondlong þæs Re[a]dan Sæs, þæs dæles þe þær norþ scyt, ligeð þæt land Arabia & Sabei & Eudomane. OE tr. Orosius (Tiber.) (1980) i. i. 18 Be westan Achie, andlang þæs Wendelsæs is Dalmatia þæt land on norðhealfe þæs sæs. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon (Calig.) (1963) l. 71 Muche lond he him ȝef..an-long þare sea. 1538–9 Act Common Councel in H. Calthrop (1670) 177 That strong Grates of Iron along the said Water-side..be made by the Inhabitants of every Ward. 1543 ( (1812) 424 Which countrey of Fyfe along the Scottish sea..Is xliiii myles longe. 1632 W. Lithgow i. 25 The Riuiera of Genoa, along the Mediterrean sea. 1697 mmmcccxviii/3 The biggest, a Ship of 60 or 64 Guns, came along our side. 1794 I. Leatham 11 Along the side of the Ouse and Humber we find a considerable quantity of warp land. 1847 C. Staley 289 In 1811 a toothed rack was laid along the road. 1877 W. Lytteil iii. iii. 110 Along the line of which there are still several out-standing pikes or spink-rocks. 1908 47 There is a great orchard region along the western slope of the Rocky Mountains. 2002 R. Cauldwell xi. 198 These use 16-in. to 24-in. bars to span joists, allowing the box to slide anywhere along the bar. C. adv. 1. the world > movement > progressive motion > [adverb] lOE Bounds (Sawyer 352) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 169 Upp andlang beaddinge broces on beadding bricge & þanon upp andlang on halgan wylle. lOE Bounds (Sawyer 283) in W. de G. Birch (1885) I. 515 Ut on þa rode, þæt up andlang norð be eastan hyblea on ðone ealdan herpað. lOE Bounds (Sawyer 142) in D. Hooke (1990) 72 Of secges mere in þes pulles heafod, andlong to þornbrycge [L. sic in longum usque ad thornbrycge]. c1250 ( Bounds (Sawyer 492) in W. de G. Birch (1887) II. 522 Þonne east andlang be þam yrþlande oþ hit cymþ to þam wic herpaþe. a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) iv. l. 1308 Thei comen ryde Along under the wodes syde. a1425 (?a1300) (Linc. Inn) (1952) 3389 Alle weore dryuen aþrang, Ten myle þey ȝeode alang [c1400 Laud alenge, rhyme arenge]. a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer (Hunterian) (1891) l. 1329 In that gardyn gan I goo Pleyyng a longe full meryly. 1528 W. Tyndale f. cxljv Thou must therfore goo alonge by the scripture as by a lyne, vntyll thou come at Christ, which is the wayes ende and restynge place. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay i. x. 12 b Having doubled the cape, we passed along. 1611 Num. xx. 17 We will not turne into the fields..but we will goe along by the kings high way. View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. ii. 33 Speake the word along . View more context for this quotation 1664 S. Butler ii. iii. 159 No Porter's Burthen past along, But serv'd for Burthen to his Song. 1766 J. Fordyce II. vii. 36 The shallow stream runs babbling along. 1820 J. Keats Isabella in 61 As he to the court-yard pass'd along. 1852 W. H. Sleeman I. ii. 97 The Toolseepoor estate extends along from east to west for about one hundred miles, in a belt of from nine to twelve miles wide, upon the southern border of..the Oude Tarae forest. 1885 Nov. 60/2 He jogged along on his bald-faced bay in the bleak untempered light. 1907 L. Dane in S. Vohra (1993) iv. 55 Thence the boundary runs along to the Kun-Lun. 1919 ‘K. Mansfield’ 11 Oct. (1993) III. 17 I sauntered along—gripping Mother's walking stick. 1952 E. L. Leeming (ed. 3) iii. 32 No driver enjoys riding along on the side-slope of a well-cambered road. 2008 J. Charyn xxxiii. 219 Brown bears..lumbered along in all their bulk. a1596 (1911) i. i. 5 Wil. My maisters..lets..sweare true secrecie vppon our liues. Geo. There spake an Angell. Come, let vs along, then. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 279 Sicin. Let's hence, and heare How the dispatch is made... Bru. Let's along . View more context for this quotation a1625 J. Fletcher (1640) iv. 49 And you were a thousand shames you shall along with me, At home I am sure you'le prove a million. 1768 J. Smith 2 Come then, advent'rous pupil, let's along. 1854 H. D. Thoreau 241 Come, let's along. 1905 A. D. Fox iii. iii. 58 The saints be with him. Shall we along? Fellow, take you your reckoning out of this. 2007 V. Grove 292 Some of their lady cousins have arrived today from Francia for the party. Let's along then, as the boys await! 1948 M. F. Gilbert ix. 124 The bloke who kept a shop two along from where I lived. 1960 D. Lytton (1962) i. 21 Two along was a brothel. 1984 J. Bowen 7 The house, six along from the end [of the terrace], must be either Number 12 or Number 36. 2012 (Nexis) 9 Jan. 20 Ameen has the WBA's supervisor on his right, the DC commissioner next to him and the IBF's man next along. 2. the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in longitudinal direction c1300 (Laud) (1868) l. 2822 (MED) Him to binden..Vpon an asse..Andelong, nouht ouerþwert. ?a1425 (?c1350) (Rawl.) l. 2743 (MED) Þare olang [a1425 Harl. on lang] þai layd it [sc. the Cross] doune. c1475 (Trin. Cambr.) f. 60 (MED) & attame that veyne alonge & not oueretwarte. ?1541 R. Copland ii. sig. Hij He ought to open it alonge and ouerthwart, this way and that. the world > space > extension in space > measurable spatial extent > longitudinal extent > [adverb] > at full length OE (Calig. A.vii) 39 Wende þe þonne iii sunganges, astrece þonne on andlang and arim þær letanias.] c1300 St. Francis (Laud) l. 382 in C. Horstmann (1887) 64 (MED) Þe Armes weren a-long i-sprad ase huy weren on þe rode, And þe fet i-streitht a-long. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry (1971) xxviii. 50 He began to drawe it oute a long with his teeth. 1565 T. Cooper at Abijcio He..cast him self downe a long in the grasse. 1670 T. Brooks (1867) VI. 441 He that foots it best may be sometimes found all along, and the neatest person may sometimes slip into a slough. 1671 J. Dryden v. 83 A huge Giant seiz'd my Torch, and fell'd me along. 1700 7 He was on the 2d of February stretched all along, and bound fast with Cords to two cross pieces of Timber. 1888 F. T. Elworthy at All along Aay eech mee veot un vaald [= fell] aul ulaung. the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [adverb] > fully or to full extent or in full > without contraction 1461 J. Russe in (2004) II. 246 I enformyd hem the matere along. 1481 W. Caxton tr. i. xiii. sig. c. 8v We shal declare a litil our matere a longe. 1485 W. Caxton tr. (1957) 47 And redde it al allonge. 1502 tr. (de Worde) iv. iv. sig. r.v v And this mater declareth ryght a longe saynt Bernardyn. 1588 H. Oldcastle & J. Mellis sig. Evijv You shal make the marchandise or goods Debitor, and the expences Creditor, with all the particular parcels, along. the world > space > distance > distance or farness > [adverb] > at or to a distance a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) Psalms ix. 22 Wherto lord wentist þou awei along [a1425 L.V. fer awei]? 1580 T. Tusser (new ed.) f. 21v Exceptions take, of the champion land, from lieng alonge, from that at thy hand. the world > space > direction > specific directions > [adverb] > in longitudinal direction > along the length of something ?a1425 (c1400) (Titus C.xvi) (1919) 28 (MED) The contree [sc. Egypt] is sett along vpon the ryuere of Nyle. 1459 No. A. 83. m. 3d (MED) Which wall..along by þe said tenement of..Thomas Walsyngham [etc.]. c1475 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Taylor) in J. Robson (1842) 18 (MED) Thay sette listes on lenthe olong on the lawnde. 1556 in J. G. Nichols 61 The gardyns that was made a longe by the walles of the citte. 1731 G. Medley tr. P. Kolb I. 65 The Nation of the Chirigriquas is next, running along by the Bay of St. Hellens. 1849 G. P. R. James I. xiii. 295 A small path, which ran along by the side of the water. 1896 Dec. 102 I went an' sat along by the rail, in the stern. 1913 C. B. Lyman 54 Tis only a sad little rosebud, The last one of summer, it grew, Along by the path. a1993 W. Golding (1995) 132 But those buildings, which I in my childhood had taken as the dwellings of the gods, were warehouses built along by the water! society > travel > aspects of travel > arrival > arrive [verb (intransitive)] the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > movement towards a thing, person, or position > reaching a point or place > reach a point or place [verb (intransitive)] > arrive 1597 M. Drayton f. 67v And in precession as they came along, with Himeneus sang thy marriage song. 1768 R. Smith 145 If you perceive the mole has been along, then set a trap. 1831 M. Holley (1833) 21 The captain..sent word that he would be along for us about sun-set. 1848 G. F. Ruxton Life in Far West in June 715/1 Old Captain Stewart..comes along next spring, and a Dutch doctor chap was along too. 1892 ‘M. Twain’ xvi. 162 They'll be along as soon as it's done. 1919 G. B. Shaw 255 Send the girl along... Oh, you've sent her already. 1951 ‘J. Wyndham’ i Any time now they'd be along with pneumatic drills. 1958 J. Betjeman 231 Up I rose and went along To that old village alehouse. 1999 C. Grimshaw xvi. 257 Stuart explained that May was carsick and that they'd be along in a minute. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > [adverb] society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [adverb] 1600 W. Shakespeare i. i. 123 Demetrius and Egeus goe along: I must employ you in some businesse. View more context for this quotation 1668 S. Pepys 5 Nov. (1976) IX. 349 We did all along conclude upon answers. 1682 N. O. tr. N. Boileau-Despréaux ii. 182 The Knave had wit in's Anger, And wisely took along his rusty Hanger. 1815 12 Aug. 420/2 It may be found necessary..to take along also a few American riflemen. 1882 W. D. Howells 137 ‘Our Captain's wife..was not along,’ said Lydia. ‘Not along?’ repeated Mrs. Erwin..‘Who were the other passengers?’ 1888 T. Roosevelt in Apr. 856/1 The last spring I was out, there were half a dozen wagons along. 1938 Jan. 22/2 A friend..persuades you to visit an antique shop with her. You go along, a bit amused at her absurd enthusiasm. 1970 R. Thorp & R. Blake 80/2 A friend of mine..dragged me along. 2003 28 Aug. 42/1 Bring along a playlist of NYC-inspired tunes to spice up the..trip. 7. 1848 G. C. Furber iv. 125 The others [sc. horsemen] came up from time to time along in the day, each one with a deer, or part of one. 1883 ‘M. Twain’ xxviii. 298 Far along in the day, we saw one steamboat. 1897 ‘M. Twain’ xxi. 290 He was along toward fifty. 1902 26 Apr. 82 The afternoon was well along by this time. 1967 S. D. Delaney 62 Morning had gotten far enough along to rouge the sky behind him. 1974 23 Nov. 63/2 I am planning to record..a lot of the old musicians of the so-called Chicago school of jazz who are coming along in years. 2002 S. Coonts xvi. 178 It was getting along toward five o'clock and the bids for the sixth round had yet to be filled out. the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > freedom from error, correctness > exactness, accuracy, precision > closeness to accuracy > [adverb] 1852 F. L. Olmsted ii. 17 The wind hauled round ahead..so that along about sunset they found themselves coming well to windward of her [sc. an English frigate]. 1859 (25th congr., 2nd sess.) III. No. 188. 400 I cannot be positive about it; but it was along in January, or perhaps, at the time of the Christmas holidays. 1870 ‘M. Twain’ More Distinction in (1872) 282 In the one case, you start out with a friend along about eleven o'clock. 1931 D. Runyon (1932) iii. 53 There are very seldom any customers in Good Time Charley's until along about five o'clock in the morning. c1960 Wilson Coll. in (1985) I. 51/1 Along in May I'm going to buy me a horse. 1987 J. Hersey Fling in (1990) 41 Oh, I can see him cheerfully flipping up the drawing-room berth along about Elizabeth, New Jersey. 2009 K. Cain in W. L. Montell (2011) i. 21 Along about that time, I began thinking there was something else I could give back to law enforcement. 1853 21 Sept. 163 Found her with labor pains, and saying she was going to be confined—that she was about six months along. 1869 May 243 When six months along in her first pregnancy, she was taken one day..with severe pains in her stomach. 1934 D. D. Bromley xi. 143 Abortionists.., as a rule, avoid trouble by refusing to abort a patient who is more than two and a half months along. 1990 29 May 5/5 I'd say she looks about four and a half months along... She has quite a tummy on her. 2002 P. Thomas xxi. 283 If you are pregnant, make sure that you let your teacher know and also tell her how far along you are. 1861 July 228/1 This grain, although it has sometimes been thicker on the ground, is well along for this time of month. 1875 A. I. Root Our Homes in Dec. 8/2 We might roll up our trousers and splash through, and have the work a good way along by the time we reached the bridge. 1969 M. Angelou viii. 50 World War II was well along before there was a noticeable change in the economy. 1997 P. Bronson 185 The venture capitalists began a flurry of questions..[including] how far along the team was in their software development. 2010 N. LaPorte xv. 149 Spielberg expressed an interest in making the movie,..which was not very far along in development. Phrases P1. along with. Chiefly in predicative use. society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > associate with [preposition] the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > to the accompaniment of ?1566 W. P. tr. C. S. Curio f. 105v He came along with me, euen vnto Prima porta. 1597 W. Shakespeare i. i. 96 Come Capulet come you along with me. View more context for this quotation a1652 R. Brome Damoiselle i. ii. sig. B6v in (1653) Together we will live: And Ile along with you in your owne course. 1699 J. Bouvet 67 The Quinquina, of which the two Fathers..had brought a good Quantity along with them. 1712 J. Addison No. 494. ¶5 The Spies bringing along with them the Clusters of Grapes. 1796 P. Hoare 8 ‘Then I must lug you along with me,’ Says the saucy Arethusa. 1844 C. J. Lever II. i. 9 Tascher strolled along with me towards my quarters. 1873 15 106 The current carried along with it the finer particles of the river debris. 1945 2 Jan. 1/6 Red balls of fire which appear off our wing tips and fly along with us. 1966 19 Apr. 6/4 The ‘Ride-Along’ provides for one student to ride along with a policemen in an assigned district for a full shift. 1998 S. Budiansky vi. 147 Other chickadees in hearing range usually respond by moving along with the caller. b. As a prepositional phrase. the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > together with 1600 P. Holland tr. Livy xxi. 411 Seeing now..the snowes, entermingled along with the skie. 1692 D. Lawson 8 Let me be along with you. 1711 J. Addison No. 29. ¶11 This Inclination of the Audience to Sing along with the Actors. 1768 L. Sterne I. 86 I would rejoice along with them. 1839 Nov. 27/2 At road sessions, a certain number of cess-payers were permitted to sit along with the magistrates. 1859 T. P. Thompson II. App. 97 A hunger for news of killed and wounded, along with shrimps, at breakfast. 1876 E. A. Freeman (ed. 2) IV. xvii. 64 Wiltshire had most likely submitted along with Hampshire and Berkshire. 1927 Feb. 172/1 Café au lait is forbidden, along with ice-cream. 2001 29 Mar. 20/8 Jonathan Veitch, a veteran Unicef worker in Somalia, was released along with four other prisoners. the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > in conjunction with 1645 H. Hammond 18 All which being not only granted, but proposed as necessary considerations to be taken along with this doctrine. 1723 J. Harris (ed. 2) II. 279/2 Along with this the Mind sees that these Simple Ideas are severally different. 1817 J. Mill II. v. iv. 467 Along with this he was mild and equitable. 1840 W. E. Gladstone 6 Recognising along with, though subordinately to, the Scriptures, the authorised interpretations of primitive Christian antiquity. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff 1 I must ask all..to read what I shall say to-night, along with what I said on the 19th December last. 1928 G. Tantaquidgeon Manuscript Field Notes in W. S. Simmons (1986) vi. 108 Along with the various capers of the witches we might consider that practice of ‘rooting’ or ‘laying roots’ for people. 1991 8 Dec. 50/1 Along with the theories came new academic programs. 1851 N. Kingsley Diary 4 Jan. in (1914) 3 399 Worked as usual today took out 50 ounces and 4 dollars which gains on our days along back. 1880 Dec. 85/1 She's had an easy time along back, but she's seen the last on't. 1894 M. E. W. Freeman iii. 50 I've made up my mind that I've made a mistake along back. 1905 3 2 It's been quite wet along back. 1981 L. Robinson in G. Mitchell And along back in them times, you'd be sick and the people in the community would visit you and help to see after you. the world > relative properties > relationship > accompaniment > accompany [preposition] > together with 1838 ‘Lieut. Hatchway R.N.’ I. iii. 34 ‘Come on, no nonsense, Harry,’ said he, ‘come along of me.’ 1873 8 218/1 It's all very well to say you was a-doing of no harm; but you must just come along of me, and I'll lock you up in the cells till to-morrow. 1886 H. Baumann 3/1 Being friendly along o' you..He sleeps along o' me. 1940 J. Cary xxx. 177 You come along a me, Ginger, and we'll get another cave. 1993 S. Marshall (1994) x. 72 She never waited for him, but went 'ome along of 'er neighbour. Compounds society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > parts of vessels > body of vessel > side(s) of vessel > [adverb] > close to side of ship 1548 f. xxjv The Regent crappeled with her a long boord. 1577 R. Holinshed II. 1476/1 He caused the Regent (in the whiche he was aboord) to make to the Carricke, & to craple with hir a long boorde. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online June 2022). † alongv.1Origin: Apparently formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: a- prefix4, long v.1 Etymology: Apparently < a- prefix4 + long v.1, after alonged adj. Compare also forlong v.1An otherwise unattested Old English verb *alangian (impersonal) to affect with longing ( < a- prefix1 + long v.1; compare Middle High German erlangen ) was formerly thought to be shown by the following example (see C. W. M. Grein in Germania 10 (1865) 421; accepted by N.E.D. (1884)):OE Soul & Body I 152 Me a langaþ, leofost manna, on minum hige hearde, þæs þe ic þe on þyssum hynðum wat wyrmum to wiste.However, although this passage is textually and metrically problematic, it is now generally agreed that it shows ā langaþ , i.e. o adv. followed by long v.1 Obsolete. rare. the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb] the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > longing or yearning > long or yearn [verb (intransitive)] a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) v. l. 3282 This worthi Jason, sore alongeth To se the strange regiouns. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online September 2018). † alongv.2Origin: Perhaps formed within English, by conversion; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item. Etymon: along adv. Etymology: Perhaps < along adv. (compare sense 3 at that entry), by association with Middle French eslongner, eslongnier, variant of aloignier aloyn v. Obsolete. rare. the world > space > place > removal or displacement > remove or displace [verb (transitive)] > remove or take away > to a distance 1502 tr. (de Worde) v. vii. sig. ss v The body gloryous may not alonge [Fr. 1485, 1492 eslongner, 1502 eslongnier] hym from the presence of god. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < adj.1eOE adj.2prep.adv.eOE v.1a1393 v.21502 |